scholarly journals Incidence and familial risk of pleural mesothelioma in Sweden: a national cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguang Ji ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Kristina Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Familial Clustering ◽  
Swedish Cancer Registry ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Shared Genetic

Familial clustering of pleural mesothelioma was reported previously, but none of the reports quantified the familial risk of mesothelioma or the association with other cancers. The contributions of shared environmental or genetic factors to the aggregation of mesothelioma were unknown.We used a number of Swedish registers, including the Swedish Multigeneration Register and the Swedish Cancer Register, to examine the familial risk of mesothelioma in offspring. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to calculate the risk. Age standardised incidence rates of mesothelioma were calculated from the Swedish Cancer Registry.The incidence of mesothelioma reached its peak rate in 2000 and decreased thereafter. Risk of mesothelioma was significantly increased when parents or siblings were diagnosed with mesothelioma, with SIRs of 3.88 (95% CI 1.01–10.04) and 12.37 (95% CI 5.89–22.84), respectively. Mesothelioma was associated with kidney (SIR 2.13, 95% CI 1.16–3.59) and bladder cancers (SIR 2.09, 95% CI 1.32–3.14) in siblings. No association was found between spouses.Family history of mesothelioma, including both parental and sibling history, is an important risk factor for mesothelioma. Shared genetic factors may contribute to the observed familial clustering of mesothelioma, but the contribution of shared environmental factors could not be neglected. The association with kidney and bladder cancers calls for further study to explore the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Parental depression and offspring psychopathology: a Children of Twins study

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1385-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Singh ◽  
B. M. D'Onofrio ◽  
W. S. Slutske ◽  
E. Turkheimer ◽  
R. E. Emery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Parental Depression ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Disruptive Disorders ◽  
Children Of Twins ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mz Twins ◽  
History Of Depression ◽  
Shared Genetic

BackgroundAssociations between parental depression and offspring affective and disruptive disorders are well documented. Few genetically informed studies have explored the processes underlying intergenerational associations.MethodA semi-structured interview assessing DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders was administered to twins (n=1296) from the Australian Twin Register (ATR), their spouses (n=1046) and offspring (n=2555). We used the Children of Twins (CoT) design to delineate the extent to which intergenerational associations were consistent with a causal influence or due to genetic confounds.ResultsIn between-family analyses, parental depression was associated significantly with offspring depression [hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–1.93] and conduct disorder (CD; HR 2.27, CI 1.31–3.93). Survival analysis indicated that the intergenerational transmission of depression is consistent with a causal (environmental) inference, with a significant intergenerational association in offspring of discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (HR 1.39, CI 1.00–1.94). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the parental depression–offspring CD association was due to shared genetic liability in the parents and offspring. No intergenerational association was found when comparing the offspring of discordant MZ twins [odds ratio (OR) 1.41, CI 0.63–3.14], but offspring of discordant dizygotic (DZ) twins differed in their rates of CD (OR 2.53, CI 0.95–6.76). All findings remained after controlling for several measured covariates, including history of depression and CD in the twins' spouses.ConclusionsThe mechanisms underlying associations between parental depression and offspring psychopathology seem to differ depending on the outcome. The results are consistent with a causal environmental role of parental depression in offspring depression whereas common genetic factors account for the association of parental depression and offspring CD.

The Familial Risk of Endometriosis among the Female Relatives of Patients with Endometriosis in Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Matalliotakis ◽  
George N. Goulielmos ◽  
Maria I. Zervou ◽  
Charoula Matalliotaki ◽  
Georgios Koumantakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Stage ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cause Of Pain

Introduction Endometriosis is a gynecologic disease affecting up to 10% of the women and a major cause of pain and infertility. It is a complex genetic disease with an overall heritability estimated at around 4%. We aimed to study the familial risk of endometriosis among the female relatives of patients with endometriosis. Furthermore, we compared the demographic variable characteristics of patients with and without family history of endometriosis. Methods We evaluated the medical reports of 400 women with endometriosis and 400 without, all of whom underwent consultation for infertility or pelvic pain and had surgery between 2002 and 2016. This retrospective study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Venizeleio General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete. Data were collected from patients' charts and analyzed by statistical methods including x2 and Mann-Whitney U test. Results The overall risk of first-degree relatives of endometriosis was 10.2% versus only 0.7% of controls p<0.001. Among 25 pairs of sisters we found one or more sisters with endometriosis. Additionally, we reported a family with six members with endometriosis within three generations. In women with positive family history of endometriosis we observed earlier menarche and more severe stage of endometriosis. Moreover, we did not notice any difference in the demographic characteristics between the endometriosis and the control group patients; similar clinical data was observed in both groups. Conclusions These data support the view that genetic factors play a role in the development of this condition.

scholarly journals The role of marriage in criminal recidivism: a longitudinal and co-relative analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
S. L. Lönn ◽  
J. Sundquist ◽  
K. Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Reduced Rate

Aims.Marriage is associated with a reduced rate of criminal recidivism, but the underlying mechanisms have only partly been elucidated. We seek to clarify the nature of the association between marriage and recidivism and how that relationship may be moderated as a function of gender, deviance of spouse, a history of violence and familial risk.Method.We utilise a longitudinal cohort design consisting of Swedish men (n = 239 328) and women (n = 72 280), born between 1958 and 1986, who were convicted of at least one crime before age 20 and were not married prior to age 20. The analyses used Cox regression with marriage as a time-dependent covariate. We also perform co-relative analyses in sibling and first cousin pairs.Results.Marriage after a first crime substantially reduces risk of recidivism in both males (hazard ratio (HR) with key covariates and 95% confidence intervals 0.55, 0.53–0.57) and females (HR = 0.38, 0.34–0.42), although the effect is stronger in females. Marriage to a deviant spouse increases recidivism rates in males. In males, a history of violent criminality and high familial risk, respectively, decrease and increase sensitivity to the protective effect of marriage on recidivism. Consistent with a causal effect of marriage on recidivism, marriage was associated with a decline in risk for criminal relapse comparable with that in the population in both male–male sibling pairs (raw HR = 0.53, 0.45–0.62) and cousin pairs (HR = 0.55, 0.47, 0.65) concordant for prior convictions.Conclusions.The protective effect of marriage on risk for criminal recidivism is likely largely causal and is of importance in both males and females. Those at high familial risk for criminal behaviour are more sensitive to the protective effects of marriage.

scholarly journals A Common Genetic Influence on Human Intensity Ratings of Sugars and High-Potency Sweeteners

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Dar Hwang ◽  
Gu Zhu ◽  
Paul A. S. Breslin ◽  
Danielle R. Reed ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Multivariate Modeling ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Sweetness Intensity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adults ◽  
Single Set ◽  
Common Genetic Factor ◽  
Shared Genetic

The perception of sweetness varies among individuals but the sources of this variation are not fully understood. Here, in a sample of 1,901 adolescent and young adults (53.8% female; 243 MZ and 452 DZ twin pairs, 511 unpaired individuals; mean age 16.2 ± 2.8, range 12–26 years), we studied the variation in the perception of sweetness intensity of two monosaccharides and two high-potency sweeteners: glucose, fructose, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (NHDC), and aspartame. Perceived intensity for all sweeteners decreased with age (2–5% per year) and increased with the history of otitis media (6–9%). Males rated aspartame slightly stronger than females (7%). We found similar heritabilities for sugars (glucose: h2 = 0.31, fructose: h2 = 0.34) and high-potency sweeteners (NHDC: h2 = 0.31, aspartame: h2 = 0.30); all were in the modest range. Multivariate modeling showed that a common genetic factor accounted for >75% of the genetic variance in the four sweeteners, suggesting that individual differences in perceived sweet intensity, which are partly due to genetic factors, may be attributed to a single set of genes. This study provided evidence of the shared genetic pathways between the perception of sugars and high-potency sweeteners.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of suicide and suicide attempt in northwest of Iran: incidence, predictors, and socioeconomic status and the role of sociocultural status

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fakhari ◽  
Mostafa Farahbakhsh ◽  
Elham Davtalab Esmaeili ◽  
Hosein Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background A detailed community-level understanding of socioeconomic status (SES) and sociocultural status (SCS) of suicides and suicide attempters (SAs) in a prospective design could have significant implications for policymakers at the local prevention and treatment levels. The effect of SCS and SES on SAs is poorly understood and investigated in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence, trend, and role of SES and SCS on suicide and SAs. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted based on the registry for SAs in Malekan County, Iran, from 2015 to 2018. Demographic characteristics, SES, SCS, incidence rates, and predictors of suicidal behaviors were measured via structured instruments. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 853 SAs (32 suicides and 821 attempts) were identified during the study. Trend analysis revealed that the suicide rate significantly decreased from 2014 (10.28) to 2018 (1.75) per 100,000. In the final multiple variable models, age (26–40), male sex, unemployment, antisocial activities, history of SA, hanging method, and season (spring) increased the suicide risk while religious commitment had protective effects on suicide. Conclusions Our findings indicated that demographic characteristics, low SES, and SCS are associated with suicide. In this county, trend of suicide and SA were decreased from 2014 to 2018. This study findings highlight the need to consider a wide range of contextual variables, socio-demographic, SES, and SCS in suicide prevention strategies. Improving inter-sectoral collaborations and policymakers’ attitudes are imperative for SA reduction.

Quality of parenting and vulnerability to depression: results from a family study

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. DUGGAN ◽  
P. SHAM ◽  
C. MINNE ◽  
A. LEE ◽  
R. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Past History ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quality Of Parenting ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of Depression

Background. We examined a group of subjects at familial risk of depression and explored the relationship between the perceptions of parents and a history of depression. We also investigated: (a) whether any difference in perceived parenting found between those with and without a past history of depression was an artefact of the depression; and (b) whether the relationship between parenting and depression was explained by neuroticism.Method. We took a sample of first-degree relatives selected from a family study in depression and subdivided them by their history of mental illness on the SADS-L, into those: (a) without a history of mental illness (N=43); and (b) those who had fully recovered from an episode of RDC major depression (N=34). We compared the perceptions of parenting, as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), in these two groups having adjusted for the effect of neuroticism and subsyndromal depressive symptoms. We also had informants report on parenting of their siblings, the latter being subdivided into those with and without a past history of depression.Results. Relatives with a past history of depression showed lower care scores for both mother and father combined compared with the never ill relatives. The presence of a history of depression was associated with a non-significant reduction in the self-report care scores compared to the siblings report. Vulnerable personality (as measured by high neuroticism) and low perceived care were both found to exert independent effects in discriminating between the scores of relatives with and without a history of depression and there was no interaction between them.Conclusion. This study confirmed that low perceived parental care was associated with a past history of depression, that it was not entirely an artefact of having been depressed, and suggested that this association was partially independent of neuroticism.

Cocaine use, abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of female twins

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Carol A. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Population Based Registry ◽  
Twin Resemblance

BackgroundAlthough cocaine use in women has increased substantially over the past half-century, we understand little about the aetiology in women of cocaine use and abuse, and know almost nothing about the role of genetic factors.MethodWe obtained by telephone interview a history of lifetime cocaine use, abuse and dependence from 1934 individual twins from female–female pairs ascertained through a population-based registry, including both members of 485 monozygotic (MZ) and 335 dizygotic (DZ) pairs.ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime cocaine use, abuse and dependence were 14.0%, 3.3% and 2.3%. Probandwise concordance rates, in MZ and DZ twins, respectively, were: cocaine use 54% and 42%; cocaine abuse 47% and 8% and cocaine dependence 35% and 0%. In MZ and DZ twins, odds ratios were: cocaine use 14.2 and 6.7 and cocaine abuse 40.8 and 2.7. Biometrical model-fitting suggested that twin resemblance for liability to cocaine use was due to both genetic and familial–environmental factors while twin resemblance for cocaine abuse and symptoms of dependence was due solely to genetic factors. Estimated heritabilities were: cocaine use 0.39, cocaine abuse 0.79 and symptoms of dependence 0.65.ConclusionsThe vulnerability to cocaine use and particularly cocaine abuse and dependence in women is substantially influenced by genetic factors.

scholarly journals Trends in U.S. Pleural Mesothelioma Incidence Rates Following Simian Virus 40 Contamination of Early Poliovirus Vaccines

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Strickler ◽  
J. J. Goedert ◽  
S. S. Devesa ◽  
J. Lahey ◽  
J. F. Fraumeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document