scholarly journals Mineralogical analysis of a clay body from Zlakusa, Serbia, used in the manufacture of traditional pottery

Clay Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Milošević ◽  
Mihovil Logar ◽  
Biljana Djordjević
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Clay Body ◽  
Thermal Analysis Techniques ◽  
Traditional Manner

AbstractThe production of pottery in the traditional manner using local raw materials can provide insights into the provenance of ancient artefacts. This study uses mineralogical analysis to evaluate the raw clays and tempers used for pottery production in Zlakusa (western Serbia). Particle-size distribution, plasticity, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and differential thermal analysis techniques were applied. The mineral phases identified in the raw clay sample are kaolinite/halloysite, mica/illite, smectite, quartz, paragonite, feldspar, calcite and hematite. The clay body sample is a mixture of raw clay and crushed calcite in a ~50:50 ratio, which was confirmed using various techniques. We have also considered and investigated the technological potential of the sampled materials, taking into consideration their actual and potential applications. It was confirmed that the clay body may be used in the manufacture of bricks and pottery, but its industrial application is limited by the paste recipe.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tanzania local ceramic raw materials for high voltage porcelain insulators production

Cerâmica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (372) ◽  
pp. 570-576
Author(s):  
B. Ngayakamo ◽  
S. E. Park
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Porcelain Insulators ◽  
High Voltage Porcelain

Abstract This study evaluated the potential of locally sourced-ceramic raw materials in Tanzania, Pugu kaolin, Same clay, vermiculite and feldspar, for production of high voltage porcelain insulators. The chemical, mineral phases and microstructural characterization of raw materials and porcelain samples were carried out using the X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, respectively. The mineral phases of the fired porcelain sample identified were mullite and quartz. The porcelain bodies were fabricated using the dry pressing method by varying the composition of the selected ceramic raw materials. The physical-mechanical properties and dielectric strength were measured for each porcelain sample. The sample with the composition of 20% Pugu kaolin, 20% Same clay, 20% vermiculite and 40% feldspar was found to have the dielectric strength of 50.8 kV.mm-1, bending strength of 20 MPa and water absorption of 0.46%, which satisfies the main requisite properties for high voltage porcelain insulators.

Study on Sulfur Existing Form in Sinter

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1279-1283
Author(s):  
Yu Zhu Zhang ◽  
Su Ju Hao ◽  
Wu Feng Jiang ◽  
Yue Long
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Sulphide ◽  
Existing Form

Lower sulfur content is absolutely necessary for high value-added quality steel, so it is required to reduce sulfur content of product in each link of metallurgical production. Sintering is one of important links to provide blast furnace raw materials. Study on Sulfur existing form in Sinter can provide significant theoretical guide on sulfur distribution in metallurgical production. In this paper, small sintering experiments were carried out and sinter samples with different alkalinities were prepared. The samples were characterized by mineralogical analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results show that Sulfur existing form in Sinter is calcium sulphide (CaS). CaS can not be oxidized and melted down in the following process of blast furnace iron-making and can directly enters into slag for discharge outside the furnace.

scholarly journals Microscale Investigation of Arsenic Distribution and Species in Cement Product from Cement Kiln Coprocessing Wastes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Yang ◽  
Jingchuan Xue ◽  
Qifei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Arsenic Distribution ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
X Ray Absorption

To improve the understanding of the immobilization mechanism and the leaching risk of Arsenic (As) in the cement product from coprocessing wastes using cement kiln, distribution and species of As in cement product were determined by microscale investigation methods, including electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In this study, sodium arsenate crystals (Na3AsO412H2O) were mixed with cement production raw materials and calcined to produce cement clinker. Then, clinker was mixed water to prepare cement paste. EPMA results showed that As was generally distributed throughout the cement paste. As content in calcium silicate hydrates gel (C-S-H) was in low level, but higher than that in other cement mineral phases. This means that most of As is expected to form some compounds that disperse on the surfaces of cement mineral phases. Linear combination fitting (LCF) of the X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra revealed that As in the cement paste was predominantly As(V) and mainly existed as Mg3(AsO4)2, Ca3(AsO4)2, and Na2HAsO4.

Chemical-Mineralogical and Microscopic Characterization of Clay Used as Raw Materials in Santa Gertrudes' Ceramic Pole

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Carolina del Roveri ◽  
R.A. Cunha ◽  
Antenor Zanardo ◽  
Letícia Hirata Godoy ◽  
Maria Margarita Torres Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Materials Used

The Santa Gertrudes ́ Ceramic Polo is the Brazilian region with national and international prominence in the manufacturing of ceramic tiles. Some raw materials used by ceramic industry and coatings industries in this region were characterized in terms of chemical-mineralogical and microscopic view, in order to promote the best technological characterization of them. For this, chemical analysis of major elements and trace X-ray diffraction and microscopic analysis by SEM, TEM and Electron microprobe were performed by ICP-MS. The results showed that the raw materials commonly referred to as "clays" are actually constituted by various mineral phases, which directly influence the properties of the same ceramics. Also showed that, by virtue of this constitution, different formulations can be developed, using the best raw materials found in the region of Santa Gertrudes, SP.

Photocatalytic Activity of Ag2S/K2Ti4O9 for Rhodamine B Degradation under Visible Light Illumination

2013 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Wen Quan Cui ◽  
Shuang Long Lin ◽  
Shan Shan Ma ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Ying Hua Liang
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Visible Light Illumination ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Potential Applications

The composite Ag2S/K2Ti4O9 photocatalyst was synthesized via a precipitation method. The structure of the photocatalyst was determined by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope. The photocatalytic properties for organic matter degradation of the photocatalyst were examined under visible light irradiation. The results showed that, the sample which synthesized at 25°C via a precipitation route，using nitric acid silver and thiourea as the raw materials in the absence of any surfactants or templates has the highest crystallinity and investigated its catalytic behavior. RhB as degradation object, different dosing quantity of the degradation rate were examined, The best dosing quantity (1000 MgL-1) degradation rate was 18.93%. And with K2Ti4O9 for ontology, the degradation of different load rate were examined, The best load (25%) of the degradation rate is 20.57%. The results revealed the Ag2S potential applications in photocatalytic degradation for organic pollutants.

scholarly journals Influence of Local Mineral Raw Materials On The Commercial Success of Aveiro Production of Ancient Ceramic Sugar Jars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocha Fernando ◽  
Paulo Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ancient Ceramic ◽  
Production Areas

Abstract Sugar forms were conic ceramic jars having a hole at the bottom, being used specifically for the stage of the purge of the sugar cake. These pieces played a paramount role in sugar production cycle, being used for the maturation of the sugar, and since the 15th until the beginning of the 19th centuries, the old pottery centres from Aveiro and Lisbon regions, produced heavily these “formas de açúcar” (“sugar jars”) which were exported to sugar production areas, at places as diverse as Madeira, Canaries, Cape Verde, Cuba and Brazil. Mineralogical analysis by x-ray powder diffraction was carried out on bulk samples. Chemical composition was assessed by X-Ray fluorescence. The obtained results gave important information about the composition of the studied materials, and also about their raw materials. Mineralogical and chemical data obtained in samples from Aveiro point to a local production, using the upper Cretaceous (Maastrichian) marly (dolomitic) clays and clayey sands as main raw materials. Ceramics from Barreiro (Lisbon) are in general more silicated and less carbonated, composition close to the Tagus Cenozoic Basin clays. The higher iron content of Aveiro clays favours the glazing of ceramic paste at lower temperatures, giving better mechanical resistance which can justify "their best quality", as referred to in ancient documents.

scholarly journals Characterization of Diatomaceous Earth and Halloysite Resources of Poland

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Lutyński ◽  
Piotr Sakiewicz ◽  
Sylwia Lutyńska
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Copper Ores

The mining industry of Poland is based mostly on coal and copper ores. Strict carbon emissions and the depletion of deposits will slowly phase out coal. Therefore, metallic ores and other mineral raw materials will dominate the extractive industry of Poland. Current measured resources of the largest deposits of halloysite and diatomaceous earth in Poland are over 0.5 Mt and 10 Mt, respectively. Halloysite and diatomaceous earth samples from halloysite Dunino deposits and Jawornik diatomaceous earth deposits (composed mostly of diatomaceous skeletons (frustules)) were subjected to mineralogical analysis, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) nanostructural, chemical, elemental, and mineral content analysis. Both these minerals have similar properties, i.e., sorption capacity and cation exchange capacity, and are used mostly for the same purposes, e.g., adsorbents, filler material, and filtration. Samples of Dunino halloysite consist of minerals such as halloysite, kaolinite, hematite, magnetite, quartz, magnesioferrite, rutile, ilmenite, geikielite, goyazite, gorceixite, and crandallite, with little impurities in the form of iron oxides. Occasionally, halloysite nanoplates (HNP) nanotubes (HNT) were found. Diatomaceous earth is composed mainly of silica-containing phases (quartz, opal) and clay minerals (illite and kaolinite). The frustules of diatoms are mostly centric (discoid) and have radius values of approximately 50–60 μm. Large resources of these minerals could be used in the future either for manufacturing composite materials or highly advanced adsorbents.

The Reuse of Oligomeric Materials from the Waste of Poly(phenylene sulfide) Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2447-2451
Author(s):  
Li Zhu ◽  
Xiang Jie Li ◽  
Hai Bing Xu ◽  
Ai Qun Gu ◽  
Zi Li Yu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Thermal Transition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plastic Coating ◽  
Sulfide Production ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Phenylene Sulfide

In order to reuse the waste originated from poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) production in stead of combustion, the oligomeric materials in the waste were recovered as raw materials. The recovered materials, then, were used to react with sulfur in molten state to produce polymeric resin. The structure and thermal property of oligomeric materials and their derived polymer were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that oligomeric materials are a series of PPS oligomers, and their derived polymer is poly(arylene sulfide)s (PAS). The thermal transition temperatures of obtained PAS are higher than those of PPS oligomers, which are attributed to the increase of molecular weight. It is desired that the yielding PAS has potential applications as plastic, coating, or filler materials.

scholarly journals Mineralogical transformation and microstructure of the alluvials clays

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Bomeni ◽  
Armand Wouatong ◽  
Francois Ngapgue ◽  
Kamgang Kabeyene ◽  
Nathalie Fagel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Alluvial Clay ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mineralogical transformations and microstructures during the firing alluvial clays from Monoun plain were studied. The firing of clays was carried out in the temperature range from 800 to 1150?C. Minerals transformation was investigated by X-ray diffraction, polarize stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the raw materials, typical assemblages with quartz, kaolinite, goethite, anatase, hematite, gibbsite and feldspar were observed. Many neoformed mineral phases were identified with the reaction products including mullite, cristobalite, spinel, amorphous phase which occurred in the high temperature (1050-1150?C) in the fired bricks. The quartz phenocrist with some microlites oxides embedded in few mesostasis glass have been illustrated at 950?C by stereomicroscopy analysis. At 1150?C, the vitreous matrix has embedded phenocrist of quartz and other relic minerals. The best temperature for fired alluvial clay brick was discovered between 1050-1150?C.

Characterization of kaolin from Mankon, northwest Cameroon

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nzeukou Nzeugang ◽  
M. El Ouahabi ◽  
B. Aziwo ◽  
J.R. Mache ◽  
H.S. Mefire Mounton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Kaolin Deposit ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTA kaolin deposit from Mankon (northwest Cameroon) was prospected and studied for potential applications in ceramics. Six samples were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the mineralogical composition and with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine the chemical composition and properties for ceramic applications. The main minerals in the clays are kaolinite/halloysite and anatase associated with alunite, illite, gibbsite and maghemite. The kaolin samples have abundant organic matter (4–10%) and low absorption of methylene blue (0.2–2.5 meq/100 g), while SiO2 (33.28–56.31%) and Al2O3 (19.26–35.87%) are major oxides. The particle-size distribution derived from sieving and the hydrometer method indicates that 12–38% of the samples are in the <2 μm clay fraction. The clays have low to moderate plasticity (7–21%). One sample with K-feldspar and plagioclase displays the necessary properties for red ceramic products. SEM confirmed the occurence of halloysite in sample M9. The high kaolinite/halloysite content (64–97%), associated with low Fe2O3 content (0.5–1.4%) demonstrates that five samples are suitable raw materials for white firing industrial kaolin.

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