Characteristics and firing behaviour of the under-Numidian clay deposits from the Jijel region (northeast Algeria): potential use in the ceramics industry

Clay Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Abdelmalek Baghdad ◽  
Rekia Bouazi ◽  
Youcef Bouftouha ◽  
Frédéric Hatert ◽  
Nathalie Fagel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Ceramics Industry

AbstractThe Numidian Aquitano-Burdigalian nappe from the Jijel region (northeast Algeria) shows an important clay-rich basal series. In this study, seven representative clay samples were collected from the Djimla and El-Milia areas of this region in order to analyse their mineralogy using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence, particle size, plasticity, morphology by scanning electron microscopy and their ceramic properties. Samples were prepared by pressing the clays and firing them at 800–1100°C, and bulk density, water absorption, linear firing shrinkage, weight loss and bending strength values were determined on the fired samples. The clays are mainly composed of kaolinite and illite, with a small amount of 10–14 Å interstratified clay minerals and chlorite, associated with quartz and feldspars. The main oxides in the samples were SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The clays may be classified as moderately plastic according to their Atterberg limits. Ceramic tiles have been produced by dry pressing. At all tested firing temperatures, the clays present the required standard values for linear firing shrinkage, weight loss, bulk density, water absorption and bending strength, and they are defect-free. The main transformations were observed at 1000°C with the appearance of new crystalline phases. The measured technological properties of the investigated deposits confirm that the Numidian clays from the Djimla and El-Milia regions are suitable materials for the production of high-quality structural ceramics.

scholarly journals Studies on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Ceramic Tiles Produced from Locally Available Raw Materials

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Jahan ◽  
S Parveen ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
M Moniruz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Increasing Demand

Due to the increasing demand of cost-effective tiles in Bangladesh, using the locally available raw materials five different batches of tiles have been prepared and their physical properties (firing shrinkage, bending strength, water absorption, bulk density etc.) as well as chemical properties were studied in order to evaluate the quality of the products. The present investigation revealed that various properties of the produced tiles are similar to those present in commercial tiles which are available in the local market. Key words: Tiles, Firing shrinkage, Bending strength, Water absorption, Bulk density. DOI: 10.3329.bjsir.v43i1.859 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(1), 77-88, 2008

scholarly journals Technique for optimization of ceramic bodies using mixture design

Cerâmica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (340) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Silveira ◽  
J. P. Leite
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Powder Preparation ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Ceramics Industry ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In the production of wall and floor ceramic tiles, mixtures of raw materials from several origins with different physical and chemical characteristics are used. Those changes of raw materials alter the quality of the finished product, what implicates in the constant reformulation in the composition of the ceramic mass through try and error, consuming time and materials. This configures the ideal circumstance to apply the techniques of experiments design, often used in many areas to model properties of such ceramic bodies. In the present study, 21 formulations of six raw materials, namely talc, quartz, calcareous, phyllite, dolomite and clay were selected and used as control factors in the experiments design. Those formulations were processed under conditions similar to those used in the ceramics industry: powder preparation (wet grinding, drying, granulation and drying), green body preparation (pressing and drying), firing (at 1180 ºC) and characterization. With the experimental results, regression models were calculated, relating bending strength, linear firing shrinkage and water absorption. After statistical analysis and verification experiments, the significance and validity of the models were confirmed, and one technique for optimization of ceramic bodies was developed: a mathematical expressions denominated loss of quality function. The regression models and the developed technique of the loss quality can then be used for the best combination of those six raw materials to produce a ceramic body with specified properties.

The Optimal Ratio of Mixed Talc Silica and Narathiwat Clay for Cordierite-Mullite Refractories

2018 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Nattawut Ariyajinno ◽  
Sakdipown Thiansem
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Kiln Furniture ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this paper, effects of incorporation of Narathiwat clay (NT), talc and silica on the mechanical properties of cordierite-mullite refractories were investigated. The starting raw materials were mixed in different ratios and fired at 1300 °C for 2 hours. XRD patterns of fired refectories indicated cordierite and mullite phases. The fired samples were studied the firing shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity and bending strength of the cordierite-mullite refractories. The optimum condition was achieved for the composition of 20% Talc that had shrinkage: 11.78%, water absorption: 4.16%, bulk density: 2.28 g/cm3, apparent porosity: 9.2% and bending strength: 330.82 kg/cm2. The results thus showed that Narathiwat clay, talc and silica was a potential materials for use kiln furniture cordierite-mullite refractories.

Effect of ulexite concentrator waste on the physical and mechanical properties and sintering behaviour of floor tile bodies

Clay Minerals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Köseoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Floor Tile ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
Sintering Behaviour

AbstractThe effect of ulexite concentrator waste on the physical and mechanical properties and sintering behaviour of a standard floor tiles (FT) body fired at 1080°C was studied. The linear firing shrinkage, water absorption and fired bending strength of the floor tile/tiles were determined. X-ray diffraction analyses identified quartz, albite, mullite and hematite phases in the floor tiles containing 3 wt.% waste material. The FT body with the smallest water absorption (∼0.2%), the greatest bending strength (∼335 kgf/cm2) and the second greatest linear firing shrinkage values had optimal composition. In light of the excellent physical-mechanical properties and the results of the scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analyses, the authors determined that the sintering temperature of the FT body containing 3 wt.% ulexite concentrator waste was reduced by 100°C.

scholarly journals Effect of waste glass powder on physico-mechanical properties of ceramic tiles

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonjida Mustafi ◽  
Mainul Ahsan ◽  
A Hamid Dewan ◽  
Samina Ahmed ◽  
Nazia Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Waste Glass Powder ◽  
Firing Shrinkage

Key words: Ceramic tile; water absorption; bulk density; firing shrinkage; modulus of ruptureDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v24i2.10775 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 24(2):169-180, 2011 (December) 

Limestone Sludge in the Brick Body

2014 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radomír Sokolař ◽  
Lucie Vodová ◽  
Mikuláš Šveda
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Brick Clay ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Firing Shrinkage

Influence of limestone sludge (generated during the washing process of limestone crushed aggregates) with high content of CaO in the form of calcite on the properties of brick body made from non-calcareous sludge (from the washing process of quartz sand) as a basic plastic brick clay was determined. Presence of calcite very distinctly influenced the firing process and properties of fired body. Limestone sludge decreases firing shrinkage, bulk density and coefficient of thermal conductivity of the brick body after the firing in the range of 850 – 950 °C. Higher modulus of rupture and water absorption is typical for fired bodies with limestone sludge addition. Most of these improvement are caused by the formation of anorthite only in the bodies based on the limestone sludge.

Limestone Waste Incorporation in Clayey Mass for Rustic Ceramic Tiles Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
A.M.M. Santos ◽  
A.C.A. Prado ◽  
M.B.M. Matos ◽  
P.H.A. Feitosa ◽  
J.H.A. Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
Firing Shrinkage

In the south of Ceará (Brazil), Cariri region, there is a production center for roof tiles and bricks. At that same region, there has been an expressive mining of laminated limestone, known as Pedra Cariri (Cariri Stone), which has produced large amounts of CaCO3-rich waste, that causes undesirable impacts to the environment. This work aimed to analyze the feasibility of producing rustic ceramic tiles, made up of clayey masses used in the region with the addition of this waste, aiming at the diversification of red ceramic products in a sustainable way. The mixtures were pressed, fired in maximum firing temperature which varies from 750° to 1150oC and had their physical-mechanical characteristics tested. The results indicated that the clayey mass is composed of kaolinite, feldspar and quartz, while montmorillonite and/or vermiculite is only found in roof tile clayey mass. The waste is mainly made of calcite. In general, the values of water absorption were compatible with porous rustic ceramic tile and the addition of Pedra Cariri waste provided lower values of firing shrinkage as well as the increase of the flexural strength. The samples of roof tile clayey mass (10% of waste at 850°C and at 1150°C) obtained physical-mechanical property values that match Brazilian technical norms to BIII type ceramic tile. Therefore, the mixture formulated with tile clayey mass and limestone waste presents potential to be utilized in the manufacture of ceramic roof tiles.

PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF WATER TREATMENT SLUDGE (WTS)-CLAY BRICKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Asri Md Nor ◽  
Alia Syafiqah Abdul Hamed ◽  
Faisal Hj Ali ◽  
Ong Keat Khim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
And Performance

Every year, large quantity of water treatment sludge (WTS) is produced from water treatment plant in Malaysia. Sanitary landfill disposal of sludge at authorized sites is the common practice in Malaysia. However, searching the suitable site for landfill is the major problem as the amount of sludge produced keeps on increasing. Reuse of the sludge could be an alternative to disposal. This study investigated the reusability of WTS as brick making material. The performance of clay-WTS bricks produced by mixing clay with different percentages of WTS with increments of 20% from 0% up to 100% was investigated. Each molded brick with optimum moisture content was pressed under constant pressure, oven-dried at 100˚C for 24 hours followed by heating at 600˚C for 2 hours and 1000˚C for 3 hours. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were used to characterize clay, WTS and clay-WTS bricks.  The performance of the bricks were evaluated with firing shrinkage, loss on ignition (LOI), water absorption, bulk density, and compressive strength tests. Increasing the sludge content results in a decrease of brick firing shrinkage, and increase of water absorption and compressive strength. The results revealed that the brick with 100% by weight of sludge could generate the highest compressive strength of 17.123N/mm2. It can be concluded that the bricks with 20 to 100% of water treatment sludge comply with the Malaysian Standard MS7.6:1972, which can fulfill the general requirement for usage of clay bricks in wall construction.

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