The Effect of Artificial Saliva on the Frictional Forces between Orthodontic Brackets and Archwires

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Downing ◽  
John F. Mccabe ◽  
Peter H. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Frictional Forces

Ion Release and Galvanic Corrosion of Different Orthodontic Brackets and Wires in Artificial Saliva

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soodeh Tahmasbi ◽  
Tahereh Sheikh ◽  
Yasamin B Hemmati
Keyword(s):  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Saturated Calomel Reference Electrode ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction To investigate the galvanic corrosion of brackets manufactured by four different companies coupled with stainless steel (SS) or nickel–titanium (NiTi) wires in an artificial saliva solution. Materials and methods A total of 24 mandibular central incisor Roth brackets of four different manufacturers (American Orthodontics, Dentaurum, Shinye, ORJ) were used in this experimental study. These brackets were immersed in artificial saliva along with SS or NiTi orthodontic wires (0.016”, round) for 28 days. The electric potential difference of each bracket/ wire coupled with a saturated calomel reference electrode was measured via a voltmeter and recorded constantly. Corrosion rate (CR) was calculated, and release of ions was measured with an atomic absorption spectrometer. Stereomicroscope was used to evaluate all samples. Then, samples with corrosion were further assessed by scanning electron microscope and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze data. Results Among ions evaluated, release of nickel ions from Shinye brackets was significantly higher than that of other brackets. The mean potential difference was significantly lower in specimens containing a couple of Shinye brackets and SS wire compared with other specimens. No significant difference was observed in the mean CR of various groups (p>0.05). Microscopic evaluation showed corrosion in two samples only: Shinye bracket coupled with SS wire and American Orthodontics bracket coupled with NiTi wire. Conclusion Shinye brackets coupled with SS wire showed more susceptibility to galvanic corrosion. There were no significant differences among specimens in terms of the CR or released ions except the release of Ni ions, which was higher in Shinye brackets. How to cite this article Tahmasbi S, Sheikh T, Hemmati YB. Ion Release and Galvanic Corrosion of Different Orthodontic Brackets and Wires in Artificial Saliva. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):222-227.

scholarly journals CYTOTOXICITY OF IONS RELEASED FROM 17-4 PRECIPITATION HARDENING STAINLESS STEEL ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS IN ARTIFICIAL SALIVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Tjokro Prasetyadi ◽  
Bambang Irawan ◽  
Miesje Karmiati Purwanegara ◽  
Bambang Suharno ◽  
Sugeng Supriadi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: 17-4 precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel has a low nickel content, which can reduce the risk of allergic reactions. It also has good mechanical properties against the stress caused by the archwire slot brackets in orthodontic treatments. The main focus of this study to evaluate the metal ions released into artificial saliva from different orthodontic brackets with the same 17-4 PH stainless steel and to examine the in vitro cytotoxicity of the metal.Methods: Material properties were analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method was used to examine the cytotoxicity of Gemini and Synergy brackets.Results: The cytotoxicity test on all the orthodontic brackets showed a mean cell viability value above 80% in each immersion group, which means that this material is not cytotoxic to the human immortalized keratinocyte cell line.Conclusions: The results showed cell viability in the extracts of both groups of brackets, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).

scholarly journals Comparative study of frictional forces generated by NiTi archwire deformation in different orthodontic brackets: In vitro evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Vilanova Queiroz ◽  
Rafael Yagüe Ballester ◽  
João Batista De Paiva ◽  
José Rino Neto ◽  
Giselle Mara Galon
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Total Displacement ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Niti Wires ◽  
Post Hoc

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the frictional forces between 0.014-in NiTi wires (Aditek) with 4 mm horizontal deflection and brackets with different archwire ligation systems. METHODS: Four types of self-ligating brackets (Damon MX, Easy Clip, Smart Clip and In-Ovation), a triple bracket (Synergy) and a twin bracket with 8-shaped ligature (Tecnident) were tested. Twin brackets with conventional elastomeric ligatures (Morelli) were used as control group. Tests were repeated 10 times for each bracket/archwire combination. Frictional forces were measured in an Instron universal tensile machine at 3 mm/minute speed and a total displacement of 6 mm. Statistical analysis comprised ANOVA and Dunnett's multiple comparison post hoc test. RESULTS: Deflection-induced frictional (DIF) forces increased in the following order: Synergy, Damon, 8-shaped Ligature, Easy Clip, In-Ovation, Smart-Clip and conventional ligatures. The differences among groups were significant, with the exception of the 8-shaped ligature groups which was equal to the Damon and Easy Clip groups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional ligatures, all ligation systems tested reduced frictional forces. However, such reduction varied according to the ligation system employed.

scholarly journals Preventive effect of fluoridated orthodontic resins subjected to high cariogenic challenges

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Passalini ◽  
Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo ◽  
Erika Machado Caldeira ◽  
Rogerio Gleiser ◽  
Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves Nojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesion ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Inhibition Zones

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro caries preventive effect of fluoridated orthodontic resins under pH cycling with two types of acid demineralizing saliva. Brackets were bonded to 60 bovine incisors, using either Transbond Plus Color Change (n=30) or Orthodontic Fill Magic (n=30) orthodontic resins. Each group of resin was divided into 3 subgroups (n=10): immersion in remineralizing artificial saliva for 14 days, pH cycling with high cariogenic challenge in acid saliva with pH 5.5, and acid saliva with pH 4.5. After 14 days of pH cycling, the caries preventive effect on the development of white spot lesion was evaluated considering the presence of inhibition zones to white spot lesions using two scores: 0= absence and 1= presence. Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (a=0.05) were used. Formation of white spot lesions was observed only under pH cycling using acid saliva with pH 4.5; with Transbond Plus Color Change being significantly more effective (p<0.05) in preventing the appearance of white spot lesions effect than Orthodontic Fill Magic. The acidity of the demineralizing solution influenced the formation of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets under highly cariogenic conditions. Transbond Plus Color Change resin presented higher caries preventive effect than Orthodontic Fill Magic.

scholarly journals Effects of CPP-ACP Paste on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Xiaojun ◽  
Lu Jing ◽  
Guo Xuehua ◽  
Ruan Hong ◽  
Yu Youcheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Bonding System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste on shear bond strength and debonding failure modes of orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted premolars were randomly divided into four groups (n =18) as follows: in groups 1 and 3, the enamel was treated with a solution of CPP-ACP dissolved in artificial saliva; groups 2 and 4 served as controls, and the enamel was treated with artificial saliva. After conventional acid etching, in groups 1 and 2, brackets were bonded using a light-cured bonding system (Blugloo); while in groups 3 and 4, brackets were bonded using a conventional bonding system (Unite Bonding Adhesive). Bonded specimens were subjected to thermal cycling for 1000 cycles before debonding procedures. After debonding, teeth and brackets were examined under a stereomicroscope at 10× magnification to determine whether any adhesive remained, in accordance with the adhesive remnant index. The acid-etched enamel surfaces were also observed using scanning electron microscopy after treatment with and without CPP-ACP paste. Results: The shear bond strengths of group 1 were significantly higher than those seen in group 2 (P &lt; .01). There was no significant difference in the shear bond strengths of groups 3 and 4 (P &gt; .05). Scanning electron microscopic observation showed that the pretreated enamel surface was rougher than that of the control surface after acid etching. Conclusion: The use of CPP-ACP can be considered as an alternative prophylactic application in orthodontic practice since it did not compromise bracket bond strength.

scholarly journals An In-Vitro Evaluation of Microbial Adhesion on Different Types of Orthodontic Brackets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedant Patni ◽  
Kuldeep Dmello ◽  
Jitesh Wadhwa ◽  
Mora Sathi Rami Reddy ◽  
Atul Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Ceramic Brackets

Introduction: Information regarding the adhesion of bacterial species and plaque accumulation to bracket material is limited. Adequate information is needed in order to offer patients orthodontic treatment without significantly increasing their risk of developing white spots, caries, or gingival inflammation. Aim: To determine the levels of the caries-inducing S. mutans species on metallic, self-ligating and ceramic brackets and to compare the total bacterial counts and counts of species present on these bracket materials. Materials and Methods: By means of an in-vitro study, six commercially available bracket systems {3M Gemini (A), American Ortho (B), Ormco (C), Begg (D), Ceramic (E) and Self-ligating (F)} were compared. The brackets were bonded in the cell well culture plate and the agar plates were prepared. Brain heart infusion medium including bacteria and artificial saliva was introduced to each bracket system containing 10 premolar brackets and were incubated. After 72 hours, the adherent bacteria were then detached by sonication and the Colony-Forming Units (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans were calculated on each bracket and were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0 for Windows. Results: Between the different bracket types, significant differences were found in terms of biofilm formation. The Begg brackets showed the least bacterial adhesion and the self-ligating brackets showed the highest bacterial adhesion and was statistically significant among all the groups (p<0.05). Ceramic brackets also showed a higher bacterial adhesion after the self-ligating brackets. Among the three groups of metallic brackets, 3M brackets showed the least bacterial adhesion but was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Different orthodontic brackets serve as different loci for biofilm formation showing that the Begg brackets are the most hygienic among all the brackets taken in this study.

scholarly journals Accuracy on Scanned Images of Full Arch Models with Orthodontic Brackets by Various Intraoral Scanners in the Presence of Artificial Saliva

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihu Song ◽  
Minji Kim
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Arch Models ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Reference Images ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
Ceramic Bracket ◽  
Maximum Discrepancy

Aim. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of scanned images of 4 clinically used intraoral scanners (CS3600, i500, Trios3, Omnicam) when scanning the surface of full arch models with various kinds of orthodontic brackets in the presence of artificial saliva. Materials and Methods. Four study models were prepared; bonded with ceramic, metal, and resin brackets, respectively, and without brackets. Reference images were taken by scanning the models with an industrial scanner. Study models were then applied with an artificial saliva and scanned 10 times, respectively, with the above 4 intraoral scanners. All images were converted to STL file format and analyzed with 3D analysis software. By superimposing with the reference images, mean maximum discrepancy values and mean discrepancy values were collected and compared. For statistical analysis, two-way ANOVA was used. Results. Omnicam (1.247 ± 0.255) showed higher mean maximum discrepancy values. CS3600 (0.758 ± 0.170), Trios3 (0.854 ± 0.166), and i500 (0.975 ± 0.172) performed relatively favourably. Resin (1.119 ± 0.255) and metal (1.086 ± 0.132) brackets showed higher mean maximum discrepancy values. Nonbracket (0.776 ± 0.250) and ceramic bracket (0.853 ± 0.269) models generally showed lower mean maximum discrepancy values in studied scanners. In mean discrepancy values, the difference between scanners was not statistically significant whereas among brackets, resin bracketed models (0.093 ± 0.142) showed the highest value. Conclusion. Intraoral scanners and brackets had significant influences on the scanned images with application of artificial saliva on the study models. It may be expected to have similar outcomes in an intraoral environment. Some data showed the discrepancy values up to about 1.5 mm that would require more caution in using intraoral scanners for production of detailed appliances and records.

Comparison of Some Dietary Habits on Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel Brackets: An in vitro Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shahabi ◽  
A Jahanbin ◽  
H Esmaily ◽  
H Sharifi ◽  
S Salari
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Localized Corrosion

Background and Objective: Resistance to corrosion is an advantageous property of orthodontic brackets;however, due to low levels of pH found in the mouth of a patient, localized corrosion may occur. This can affect tooth movement by increasing friction between the arch wire and bracket slot and initiate enamel discoloration. Additionally, corrosion causes the release of elements that may lead to cytotoxic and biological side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of corrosion caused by lemon juice, vinegar and Coca-Cola® on orthodontic brackets in vitro and then to recommend the most suitable diet during orthodontic treatment. Method: Sixty orthodontic brackets in three groups of twenty were immersed in a test solution (Fusamaya-Meyer artificial saliva plus lemon juice, vinegar or Coca-Cola) at a temperature of 37°C±1. Moreover, a negative control consisting of twenty brackets were put in pure artificial saliva. After 6 weeks the amount of corrosion was determined by measuring δW of mean weights of brackets and the results were analyzed by general linear models (repeated measurement). Results: Significant differences were seen during different weeks of the study (P&lt;0.001) and different solutions(P&lt;0.001). This study showed the amount of corrosion in orthodontic brackets was the most for cola followed by vinegar and then lemon juice. In addition, mean differences for cola versus lemon juice was -0.010(sig. &lt;0.001), vinegar versus lemon juice was -0.006 (sig. =0.001) and cola versus vinegar was -0.004(sig. =0.013). Conclusion: Acidic effervescent soft drinks such as cola have to be eliminated or minimized in the nutritional diet of orthodontic patients because of their harmful effects on their brackets.

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