THE SOCIAL NETWORKS OF OLDER PEOPLE WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES LIVING IN STAFFED COMMUNITY BASED HOMES

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (84) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Dagnan ◽  
Loraine Ruddick
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Older People ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social

Peer Status of Children with and without Learning Disabilities — A Multimethod Study

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally G. Hoyle ◽  
Felicisima C. Serafica
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Peer Status ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Friendship Formation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peer Nominations

This study examined the social relations of third-grade children with (LD) and without learning disabilities (nonLD). Two sociometric measures (peer nominations and ratings of “liking”) and a questionnaire on social networks outside of school were employed. Results on the former indicated that LD children were less accepted but not more rejected by peers than nonLD children. Differences were found in the functions and contexts -but not the size or composition - of LD and nonLD children's social networks. To test different hypotheses for LD children's social status, three possible determinants were studied: behavior problems as rated by teachers, conceptions of friendship, and ecological factors. Teachers of LD students did not observe these children to be more disruptive though they rated them as demonstrating more personality problems than nonLD peers. Significant group differences in friendship conceptions were found: the LD group's mean stage score for conceptions of friendship and their mean levels of reasoning about friendship formation and conflict resolution were significantly lower than those of the nonLD controls. Theoretical and methodological implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Conceptualising, Operationalising, and Measuring Trust in Participatory Health Research Networks: a Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Gilfoyle ◽  
Anne MacFarlane ◽  
Jon Salsberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Participatory Health Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract BackgroundThere are many described benefits of community-based participatory research (CBPR), such as increased relevance of research for those who must act on its findings. This has prompted researchers to better understand how CBPR functions to achieve these benefits through building sustainable research partnerships. Several studies have identified ‘trust’ as a key mechanism to achieve sustainable partnerships, which themselves constitute social networks. Although existing literature discuss trust and CBPR, or trust and social networks, preliminary searches reveal that none link all three concepts of trust, CBPR and social networks. Thus, we present our scoping review to systematically review and synthesize the literature exploring how trust is conceptualised, operationalised, and measured in CBPR and social networks.MethodsThis review follows guidelines from Levac et al, which follow the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley. We explored several electronic databases including Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and PsychINFO. A search strategy was identified and agreed upon by the team in conjunction with a research librarian. Two independent reviewers screened articles by title and abstract, then by full-text based on pre-determined exclusion/inclusion criteria. A third reviewer arbitrated discrepancies regarding inclusions/exclusions. A thematic analysis was then conducted to identify relevant themes and sub-themes.Results Based on the 26 extracted references, several key themes and sub-themes were identified which highlighted the complexity and multidimensionality of trust as a concept. Our analysis revealed an additional emergent category that highlighted another important dimension of trust – outcomes pertaining to trust. Further, variation within how the studies conceptualised, operationalised, and measured trust was illuminated. Finally, the multidimensionality of trust provided important insight into how trust operates as a context, mechanism and outcome.ConclusionsFindings provide support for future research to incorporate trust as a lens to explore the social-relational aspects of partnerships and the scope to develop interventions to support trust in partnerships.

scholarly journals Social networks, accessed and mobilised social capital and the employment status of older workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 356-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaberi Gayen ◽  
Robert Raeside ◽  
Ronald McQuaid
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Older People ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of social networks, and the social capital embedded in them, to secure employment if someone had become unemployed after the age of 50 years and to reveal the process of accessing and mobilising that social capital. Design/methodology/approach A case study of a Scottish labour market was undertaken which involved an interview-based survey of those who became unemployed in their early 50’s and tried to regain employment. The interview had structured and unstructured parts which allowed both quantitative and qualitative analysis to compare those who were successful in regaining work with those who were not. The uniqueness of the paper is the use of social network components while controlling for other socio-economic and demographic variables in job search of older workers. Findings Those older people who were unemployed and, returned to employment (reemployed) had a higher proportion of contacts with higher prestige jobs, their job searching methods were mainly interpersonal and the rate of finding their last job via their social networks was higher than those who remained unemployed. Both groups mobilised social capital (MSC), but those reemployed accessed higher “quality” social capital. “Strong ties”, rather than “weak ties”, were found to be important in accessing and mobilising social capital for the older workers who returned to employment. Research limitations/implications This work is limited to a local labour market and is based on a small but informative sample. However, it does show that policy is required to allow older people to enhance their social networks by strengthening the social capital embedded in the networks. The results support the use of intermediaries as bridges to help compensate for older people who have weak social networks. Besides the policy implications, the paper also has two distinct research implications. First, the use of social network component to the existing literature of older workers’ job search. Second, exploring the type and relational strength with network members to explain older workers’ reemployment. Practical implications The paper illustrates that how accessed and MSC can be measured. Social implications As populations age, this work points to an approach to support older people to re-enter employment and to include them in society. Originality/value The paper extends social network and employment literature to fill gaps on how older people require to both access and mobilise social capital. The importance of “strong ties” in the reemployment of older workers contrasts with much of the literature on younger workers where the “strength of weak ties” so far has been regarded as essential for successful job search. Measures are forwarded to reveal the relevance of social capital. The policy value of the work is in suggesting ways to facilitate older people re-enter or remain in work and hence sustain their well-being.

A community-based approach to identify the most influential nodes in social networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hosseini-Pozveh ◽  
Kamran Zamanifar ◽  
Ahmad Reza Naghsh-Nilchi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Closeness Centrality ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Spreading Process ◽  
Centrality Measure ◽  
Influence Spread ◽  
The Social ◽  
Influential Nodes

One of the important issues concerning the spreading process in social networks is the influence maximization. This is the problem of identifying the set of the most influential nodes in order to begin the spreading process based on an information diffusion model in the social networks. In this study, two new methods considering the community structure of the social networks and influence-based closeness centrality measure of the nodes are presented to maximize the spread of influence on the multiplication threshold, minimum threshold and linear threshold information diffusion models. The main objective of this study is to improve the efficiency with respect to the run time while maintaining the accuracy of the final influence spread. Efficiency improvement is obtained by reducing the number of candidate nodes subject to evaluation in order to find the most influential. Experiments consist of two parts: first, the effectiveness of the proposed influence-based closeness centrality measure is established by comparing it with available centrality measures; second, the evaluations are conducted to compare the two proposed community-based methods with well-known benchmarks in the literature on the real datasets, leading to the results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of these methods in maximizing the influence spread in social networks.

scholarly journals CNMF: A Community-Based Fake News Mitigation Framework

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Galal ◽  
Noha Nagy ◽  
Mohamed. E. El-Sharkawi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
News Article ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mitigation Techniques ◽  
Directing Attention ◽  
Entire Network

Fake news propagation in online social networks (OSN) is one of the critical societal threats nowadays directing attention to fake news mitigation and intervention techniques. One of the typical mitigation techniques focus on initiating news mitigation campaigns targeting a specific set of users when the infected set of users is known or targeting the entire network when the infected set of users is unknown. The contemporary mitigation techniques assume the campaign users’ acceptance to share a mitigation news (MN); however, in reality, user behavior is different. This paper focuses on devising a generic mitigation framework, where the social crowd can be employed to combat the influence of fake news in OSNs when the infected set of users is undefined. The framework is composed of three major phases: facts discovery, facts searching and, community recommendation. Mitigation news circulation is accomplished by recruiting a set of social crowd users (news propagators) who are likely to accept posting the mitigation news article. We propose a set of features that identify prospect OSN audiences and news propagators. Moreover, we inspect the variant properties of the news circulation process, such as incentivizing news propagators, determining the required number of news propagators, and the adaptivity of the MN circulation process. The paper pinpoints the significance of facts searching and news propagator’s behavior features introduced in the experimental results.

scholarly journals Social Roles of Family and Friends Differ in Social Networks of Older Adults Who Live Alone

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 623-624
Author(s):  
Sato Ashida ◽  
Ellen Schafer ◽  
Lena Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
Local Family

Abstract Social networks consisting of family and friends tend to better facilitate older adults’ emotional well-being than networks consisting of only family or only friends. This study assessed the heterogeneity of older adults’ network compositions based on the network members’ relationship (family vs. friends) and proximity (local vs. non-local) and evaluated the types of interactions between older adults and types of members. Adults 60 years and older living in a U.S. Midwestern city participated in a one-time structured survey (n=133), and reported about 1,730 social network members. Compared to participants who lived with others, those who lived alone reported more depressive symptoms and higher frequency of feeling lonely (p=0.002). Those who lived alone also had higher proportions of local friends in their networks than those who lived with others (p=0.02). Whereas the social roles of family and friends were similar in networks of older adults who lived with others, those who lived alone were less likely to identify family as who they co-engaged in social activities with (local family OR=0.55, non-local family OR=0.27) and who provided companionship (local family OR=0.33, non-local family OR=0.11) compared to their local friends. Having more members who co-engaged in activities was associated with lower depressive symptoms (p=0.05) and less frequency of feeling lonely (p<0.01). Providing supportive infrastructure for community-based older adults to develop and maintain co-engaging relationships with local friends may be beneficial. Network approaches can be used to identify existing network members who may be inspired to play this role.

Soziale Teilhabe von älteren Menschen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Older People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Soziale Teilhabe ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inclusive Policy ◽  
The Right

In this book, the social participation of older people in Germany, Sweden and Switzerland (multinational) is analysed in terms of income/property, health, housing and social networks (multidimensional). Drawing on the theory of French social solidarity, the author pinpoints the minimum provisions for a social contract which the members of society conclude with each other on the basis of experiences of inequality. In doing so, they recognise themselves as free and equal and secure themselves the right to comparable and largely similar living conditions. The gap between normative standards and social policy practice can be used to describe reform proposals for an inclusive policy for the elderly.

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