Assessing Infant Health Promotion: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen F. Gaffney ◽  
Marie P. Kodadek ◽  
Maria T. Meuse ◽  
Graciella B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Full Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Hispanic Mothers

The purpose of this cross-cultural, correlational study was to evaluate two popular clinical/research assessment tools, the NCAST Teaching Scale and the Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory, as measures of infant health promotion behaviors for low-income, foreign-born Hispanic mothers in the United States. Based on the assumption that both measures tap universal attributes of the mother-infant relationship, it was hypothesized that maternal performance for the study group and a comparison group of U.S.-born, low-income mothers would be similar. Comparable performance on the NCAST Teaching Scale included a full range of scores, including the capacity to identify mothers most in need of clinical intervention. Study findings supported the clinical use of this assessment scale with mothers represented by the study sample. Consistently lower scores by the foreign-born Hispanic mothers on the HOME Inventory led to the conclusion that the instrument may not tap cultural universals in the mother-infant relationship.

scholarly journals A positive deviance-based qualitative study of stress, coping, and feeding practices among low-income, Hispanic mothers whose children do versus do not meet guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-604
Author(s):  
Eleanor Shonkoff ◽  
Sara C Folta ◽  
Theodore Fitopoulos ◽  
Cynthia N Ramirez ◽  
Ricky Bluthenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Hispanic Mothers

Abstract Less than 1% of children in the United States concurrently meet guidelines for fruit/vegetable intake, physical activity, screen time, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Prior evidence suggests that parents of this 1% potentially cope with stress differently. This qualitative study used a positive deviance-based approach to locate mothers whose children avoided negative feeding outcomes despite being ‘high-risk’ for obesity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Spanish for two groups: low-income, Hispanic mothers whose children were normal weight and met recommendations for fruits/vegetables and physical activity (n = 5); and a comparison group whose children had obesity and did not meet guidelines (n = 8). Topics included weight-related parenting practices, attitudes toward health, and stress management. Interviews were transcribed, translated, and coded using NVivo for theoretically driven thematic analysis. Results suggested that mothers viewed stress differently. Mothers of healthy weight children believed stress could be prevented, such as by paying children more attention or directing one’s attention away from stressors; comparison group mothers tended to report stress about managing their child’s eating and about financial worries. Future research is needed to understand the underlying sources of these differences (e.g. personality traits, coping practices) and test whether stress prevention interventions can promote healthy parental feeding practices.

scholarly journals Direct and Mediated Effects of Nativity and Other Indicators of Acculturation on Hispanic Mothers’ Use of Physical Aggression

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Altschul ◽  
Shawna J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Maternal Aggression ◽  
Maternal Alcohol ◽  
Hispanic Mothers

This study used data from 845 foreign-born ( n = 328) and native-U.S. born ( n = 517) Hispanic mothers who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine four indicators of acculturation—nativity, years lived in the United States, religious attendance, and endorsement of traditional gender norms—as predictors of maternal physical aggression directed toward young children. The authors also examined whether psychosocial risk factors associated with child maltreatment and acculturation—maternal alcohol use, depression, parenting stress, and intimate partner aggression and violence—mediate relationships between acculturation and maternal aggression. Foreign-born Hispanic mothers had significantly lower rates of physical aggression than native-born Hispanic mothers. In path modeling results, U.S. nativity, along with maternal alcohol use, parenting stress, and child aggressive behavior, emerged as the strongest risk factors for maternal physical aggression. Among the four acculturation indicators, only foreign birth was directly associated with lower maternal aggression. Study findings suggest immigrant status is a unique protective factor that contributes to lower levels of physical aggression among Hispanic mothers.

Assessing Infant Health Promotion: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.F. Gaffney ◽  
M.P. Kodadek ◽  
M.T. Meuse ◽  
G.B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison

scholarly journals Geriatric Assessment in Multicultural Immigrant Populations

Geriatrics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine T. Ward ◽  
Mailee Hess ◽  
Shirley Wu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
Current Assessment

While the traditional comprehensive geriatric assessment provides valuable information essential to caring for older adults, it often falls short in multicultural immigrant populations. The number of foreign-born older adults is growing, and in some regions of the United States of America (U.S.), they encompass a significant portion of the older adult population. To ensure we are caring for this culturally diverse population adequately, we need to develop a more culturally competent comprehensive geriatric assessment. In this review, we explore ways in which to do this, address areas unique to multicultural immigrant populations, and identify limitations of the current assessment tools when applied to these populations. In order to be more culturally sensitive, we should incorporate the concepts of ethnogeriatrics into a comprehensive geriatric assessment, by addressing topics like healthcare disparities, language barriers, health literacy, acculturation level, and culturally defined beliefs. Additionally, we must be sensitive to the limitations of our current assessment tools and consider how we can expand our assessment toolkit to address these limitations. We discuss the limitations in cognitive screening tests, delirium assessments, functional and mental health assessments, advance care planning, and elder abuse.

scholarly journals Time Spent at Home and Alone in the United States, 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Jeanne Drotning
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
At Home

Social distancing conditions implemented in response to the Covid-19 pandemic significantly altered where and with whom people were able to spend their time. By examining data from the 2019 American Time Use Survey, this study provides a baseline of how much time people spent at home, alone, and alone at home prior to the onset of the pandemic. Men, Black people, older adults, low-income households, foreign-born adults, people who live alone, and people who are unemployed spend more time alone than other groups. These findings highlight which groups in the United States already spent more time at home and more time alone pre-pandemic, forecasting how other groups time use may shift in response to Covid-19 pandemic social distancing regulations.

Community-Based Health Promotion in Occupational Therapy: Assess Before You Assess

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482092132
Author(s):  
Sclinda L. Janssen ◽  
Marilyn Klug ◽  
Sara Johnson Gusaas ◽  
April Schmiesing ◽  
Danielle Nelson-Deering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Housing Complex

In the United States, the role of occupational therapy (OT) in provision of community-based health promotion is supported well in the literature; however, few practitioners are working in this arena. This mixed methods multiphase design study presents an example of a needs assessment process: assess before you assess. Participants included OT practitioners, residents in a low-income community housing complex, and older adult residents in another community housing complex. Methods included phenomenological and nonexperimental cross-sectional survey study design. Data analysis included coding, categorizing, and creating themes; composite scoring, Spearman correlations, and independent t tests for comparing variables. Results indicated that OT practitioners need more guidance and involvement to shift their paradigm from rehabilitation to community health promotion. Conducting needs assessments in three phases supports effective health promotion programming in community settings.

scholarly journals The Geography of Ethnoracial Birth Weight Inequalities in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiara Wyndham Douds ◽  
Ethan Raker
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
County Level ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Singleton Birth ◽  
Regional Clustering ◽  
Geocoded Data

Spatial factors feature prominently in theories of ethnoracial health disparities, yet we lack a foundational empirical understanding of the geography of health inequality. We provide this for infant health by conceptualizing ethnoracial disparities as spatial and relational phenomena and by estimating county-level low birth weight (LBW) rates and inequalities among eight ethnoracial groups: native-born Black, foreign-born Black, native-born Latinx, Mexican-born Latinx, native-born Asian, foreign-born Asian, Native American, and native-born white. Using geocoded data on every U.S. singleton birth from 2000-2010 (n=38 million) and robust descriptive empirical strategies, we document substantial county-level variation in LBW disparities. County-level LBW rates for native-born whites are only weakly related to LBW rates for groups of color. Further, county-level disparities between native-born whites and groups of color are explained more by variation in the LBW rate of groups of color than by variation in white LBW rates. Geographically, we document patchwork patterning alongside regional clustering.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Analysis of a Customized Peer Mentoring Program with STEM Underrepresented Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Reuben Asempapa ◽  
Aldo Morales ◽  
Sedig Agili
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Underrepresented Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Underrepresented Minority ◽  
Stem Disciplines ◽  
Mentoring Characteristics

This article highlights a customized mentoring program that successfully supported underrepresented students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines at a university in the northeastern part of the United States (U.S.). Because of the national and regional needs to augment underrepresented, minority, first-generation, and low-income STEM college students, this study investigated efforts to expand the number and retain such population in higher education STEM programs through a customized mentoring program based on a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant. In particular, we evaluated the necessity of strong and broad-based mentoring characteristics using assessment tools and surveys. The study was conducted with 34 participants in STEM fields. The participants’ motivation mean scores in STEM was measured at three different points in time (pre-, mid-, and end-year) and compared using descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results obtained indicated significant improvement in mentoring characteristics such as goal orientation, resource management, and academic performance with mean scores ranging from 4.99 to 5.21. Although additional findings from the repeated measures ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences, however, the marginal mean scores suggest the customized mentoring program had some positive effect and the mentoring practices supported underrepresented groups toward successful navigation of STEM disciplines. We discuss the study limitations, implications, and future research directions.

scholarly journals Standardizing the fee-waiver application increased naturalization rates of low-income immigrants

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (34) ◽  
pp. 16768-16772
Author(s):  
Vasil Yasenov ◽  
Michael Hotard ◽  
Duncan Lawrence ◽  
Jens Hainmueller ◽  
David D. Laitin
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Immigration Service ◽  
The Impact

Citizenship can accelerate immigrant integration and result in benefits for both local communities and the foreign-born themselves. Yet the majority of naturalization-eligible immigrants in the United States do not apply for citizenship, and we lack systematic evidence on policies specifically designed to encourage take-up. In this study, we analyze the impact of the standardization of the fee-waiver process in 2010 by the US Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS). This reform allowed low-income immigrants eligible for citizenship to use a standardized form to have their application fee waived. We employ a difference-in-differences methodology, comparing naturalization behavior among eligible and ineligible immigrants before and after the policy change. We find that the fee-waiver reform increased the naturalization rate by 1.5 percentage points. This amounts to about 73,000 immigrants per year gaining citizenship who otherwise would not have applied. In contrast to previous research on the take-up of federal benefits programs, we find that the positive effect of the fee-waiver reform was concentrated among the subgroups of immigrants with lower incomes, language skills, and education levels, who typically face the steepest barriers to naturalization. Further evidence suggests that this pattern is driven by immigration service providers, who are well-positioned to help the most needy immigrants file their fee-waiver requests.

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