Problems of Access to Courts in Nigeria: Results of a Survey of Legal Practitioners

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedrzej George Frynas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Access Problems ◽  
Survey Results

Access to courts constitutes a key test of the quality of a legal system. However, there is a dearth of empirical studies on access problems in developing countries. This article identifies the main problems of access to courts in Nigeria on the basis of a survey of 154 Nigerian legal practitioners, an analysis of Nigerian court cases and two field trips to Nigeria. It focuses on one specific type of litigation: litigation related to the Nigerian crude oil industry. The survey results suggest that the main constraints of access to courts in Nigeria are financial problems as well as the lack of education and information of potential litigants, which falls in line with the results of other empirical studies in developed countries.

When foreign brands appear local, and local brands appear foreign

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Foreign Brand ◽  
Foreign Brands

PurposeBoth foreign and local companies frequently name their brands in foreign language on the market of developing countries, and some of them choose to disclose the brands' country of origin to consumers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the joint effects between the practices of disclosing the actual country of origin of the brands and the language of the brand names on consumers' purchase intention for foreign brands and local brands in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed hypotheses were tested in two studies, namely an experiment and a field experimental survey, with stimuli from two product categories.FindingsThe results of the two empirical studies with Chinese participants consistently demonstrate that revealing the actual country of origin of the brands undermines consumers' purchase intention for local brands that use foreign brand names, but does not impact consumers' purchase intention for foreign brands that use local brand names.Originality/valueThis research first investigates the effects of adapting the brand names into local language of developing countries for brands from developed countries on consumers' purchase intention, which provides new insight into the literature on foreign branding and country of origin effects as well as practical implications for brand managers.

scholarly journals Promoting Clusters and Networks for Small and Medium Enterprises to Economic Development in the Globalization Era

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401769715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Foghani ◽  
Batiah Mahadi ◽  
Rosmini Omar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Global Arena ◽  
Asian Developing Countries

This research attempts to explore the importance of cluster-based systems in preparation for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to go global, and it is an ongoing research. The findings of this research are aimed at providing insights to policy makers, academicians, and practitioners with the objective of creating initiatives, strategies, and policies, which reflect the primary aim of supporting SMEs in managing global challenges. SMEs that are cluster-based have the potential to facilitate the successful inclusion of SMEs in the growth of productivity and networks of global distribution. Most Asian developing countries are in the dark when it comes to this matter. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relations between the capabilities of the networks and clusters in developing SMEs’ preparedness in facing business players in the global arena. This study’s scope includes specific Asian developing countries. Even though the issue of clusters in SMEs has been well researched in developed countries, such empirical studies are still lacking in the Asian region despite its prevalent collectivism practice. In the concluding analysis, the study intends to develop a model emphasizing the cluster-based industrial SMEs toward globalization.

Hospital information systems in developing countries: a state-of-the-art systematic review

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Lei ◽  
Jianming Liu ◽  
Wu Li
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information System ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government

Purpose Hospital information system (HIS) can be examined as a vital factor for developing the quality of health care and cost managing. There exists abundant literature on HISs, but implementation-based literature of HIS is rare, typically about progressive countries. However, a study that can comprehensively review published articles is scarce. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the systematic and comprehensive study of HIS in developed countries. Together, the benefits and harms relevant to HIS’s different mechanisms have been considered, and the fundamental challenges of them are addressed to design more efficient HIS in the future. Design/methodology/approach HIS has been used globally for numerous years and is now being used in a wide area. HIS is broadly used in clinical settings. Information technology (IT) and information system have been suggested as a required piece to solve the health-care-related issues. Hence, to improve HIS’s ability, this paper conducted a review method concentratating on research related to HIS until 2019. A total of 21 papers were recognized and examined as principal research for the summary. Findings The authors found that HIS can help in reduction of medical mistakes, enhancement doctors’ performance and increase in the quality of the care provided. HIS management can be used to provide better health-care services. Therefore, HIS must be sensible and use clear structures. The authors conclude that, generally, with an increase in awareness, acceptability and the need for HIS worldwide, there will be more strategies and approaches available. Research limitations/implications First, this paper provides an outline of the status of HIS. Second, it identifies some distinct research gaps that could be worth studying. Some flawless work may be removed because of applying some filters to select the original articles. Surveying all the papers on the topic of HIS is impossible, too. Practical implications Design and sustainability of HIS is still a big issue for most developing countries, despite its wide usage in the developed countries. The technology is changing rapidly, so the field should be reviewed regularly. This paper suggests a suitable framework that will guide HIS in the local conditions of developing countries. Social implications The government will be assisted by the suggested solving ways in its performance and design of electronic health-care projects. Originality/value The study brings the viewpoints on the state of HIS mechanisms in developing countries. The paper’s results can offer visions into future research requirements. By providing comparative information and analyzing the current growths in this area, this study will support researchers and professionals to understand the progress in HIS mechanisms better.

Factors Influencing Performance of ITES Firms in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soni Agrawal ◽  
Kishor Goswami ◽  
Bani Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Factors Influencing

Firms from developed countries are increasingly offshore outsourcing services to developing countries to have cost as well competitive advantages. Although this is a growing practice, there has been limited empirical attention in understanding the outsourcing phenomenon, particularly from the perspective of service provider firms that execute important business processes for their overseas clients. Despite growing trends to outsource, only a few service provider firms report success. This puts the service provider firms under increasing pressure to add value and improve quality of relationship. They have to depend not only on tangible factors but some intangible factors also play an important role in their performance. In this paper, the authors try to find out factors that influence performance of service provider firms. Multiple regressions using four indicators of firm performance are carried out to see the influence of certain factors on information technology enabled service (ITES) firms’ performance.

Socioeconomic Status and Academic Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung won Kim ◽  
Hyunsun Cho ◽  
Lois Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
K 12

Despite the multiple meta-analyses documenting the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and achievement, none have examined this question outside of English-speaking industrialized countries. This study is the first meta-analytic effort, to the best of our knowledge, to focus on developing countries. Based on 49 empirical studies representing 38 countries, and a sample of 2,828,216 school-age students (grades K–12) published between 1990 and 2017, we found an overall weak relation between SES and academic outcomes. Results for attainment outcomes were stronger than achievement outcomes, and the effect size was stronger in more economically developed countries. The SES-academic outcome relation was further moderated by grade level and gender. There were no differences in the strength of the relation by specific SES measures of income/consumption, education, and wealth/home resources. Our results provide evidence that educational inequalities are wider in higher income countries, creating a serious challenge for developing countries as they expand school access.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of User Behaviors on Unimproved and Improved Street Spaces in Da Nang, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3457
Author(s):  
Duy Thinh Do ◽  
Suguru Mori ◽  
Rie Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
User Behaviors ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The shortage of open spaces in developing countries in Asia such as Vietnam has been a thorny question for urbanists. Due to a poor history of public spaces, people tend to use street spaces as open spaces and other functions that bring chaos and danger onto the streets. Although developed countries in the West have overcome the dangers of life on street spaces to some extent, Vietnam, with its low quality of life, retains its inherent street bustle. Street improvements have been carried out to enhance the quality of urban life. This research aims at comparing improved and unimproved street spaces in various aspects, including user behavior and the environment-behavior relationship within street spaces and their surroundings. The findings contribute to the future improvement of street spaces in Vietnam and other developing countries based on theories of Environment-Behavior Studies. Through this research, the street renovation and development idea can be processed in a distinctive manner that appreciates the cultural and social context instead of being derived from the arbitrary or intuitive ideas of designers. By using various observation methods such as centered behavioral mapping (PcBM) and visual encounter surveys (VES), and statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), the findings show that a total of eight physical attributes need consideration during street renovations or development processes. Improved and unimproved street spaces share two attributes and differ in six attributes. Additionally, three environment-behavior patterns support the implications detailed in this paper. Finally, a suggestion for street space development and management is made to support related authorities and urbanists in future projects; it is hope that this research will contribute to creating more livable and sustainable street environments.

Adoption of and compliance with IFRS in developing countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Samaha ◽  
Hichem Khlif
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cost Of Equity Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review a synthesis of theories and empirical studies dealing with the adoption of and compliance with IFRS in developing countries in an attempt to provide directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach – The review focusses on four main streams including: first, the motives for IFRS adoption; second, corporate characteristics and the degree of compliance with IFRS; third, the economic consequences of IFRS adoption and finally; fourth, the use of regulation as an enforcement mechanism to monitor compliance with IFRS. The authors review empirical studies specifically devoted to developing countries. Findings – Regarding the first stream relating to IFRS adoption, the macroeconomic decision of adopting IFRS in developing countries can be justified by two main theories which are: the economic theory of network (Katz and Shapiro, 1985) and isomorphism (DiMaggio and Powell, 1991), however, empirical evidence in developing countries to confirm these theories is limited. Regarding the second stream relating to corporate characteristics and the degree of compliance with IFRS, the authors find that the results are mixed. Regarding the third stream relating to the economic consequences of IFRS adoption, it seems that the evidence is still limited in developing countries especially with respect to the impact of IFRS adoption on foreign direct investment, cost of equity capital and earnings management. Regarding the fourth and final stream in relation to regulation, enforcement and compliance with IFRS, the authors find that research is very limited. It was evidenced in the very few research studies conducted, that global disclosure standards are optimal only if compliance is monitored and enforced by efficient institutions. Practical implications – The author’s study attempts to provide a foundational knowledge resource that will inform practitioners, researchers and regulators in developing countries about the relevance of the different theories that exist in the accounting literature to explain the adoption of and compliance with IFRS. Originality/value – Compared to developed countries, the four streams outlined remain under-researched in developing countries. Therefore, researchers should examine these topics in developing countries to inform practitioners, regulators and the capital market about the effects of adopting IFRS and their relevance to developing countries. In addition, researchers should embark on identifying new theories to explain the adoption of and compliance with IFRS in developing countries that take into consideration the socioeconomic culture of these settings.

Relevance of outcome measures in different cultural groups – does one size fit all?

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen F. K. Chiu ◽  
Linda C. W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Treatment Benefits ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

It is estimated that 24 million people currently have dementia and that two-thirds of them live in developing countries. However, most of the assessment instruments for dementia have originated in developed countries. This paper explores the relevance of outcome measures in clinical trials of dementia drugs in different cultural groups, particularly in developing countries. The challenges of assessing treatment benefits in dementia in such groups include linguistic and cultural diversity, as well as high illiteracy rates, lack of human resources and the time constraints in assessment of patients. This paper also highlights methodological issues in cross-cultural research of cognitive assessment. Improvement in neuropsychiatric outcomes may be of particular importance to people in non-Western cultures. Functional outcomes and global outcomes are potentially useful outcome measures, but more studies are required in various countries. The use of biological markers such as neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid studies may not be practical in developing countries due to their costs and acceptability respectively. More work is also needed in the area of quality of life measures in various countries.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development of Tourism in the Eastern Europe: A Case Study of Romania

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Nedelea J ◽  
Babu P George
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
Tourism Flows

The strategies of sustainable development emphasize the interdependence between the local and the global, between the already developed countries and the ones following this course, underlining the necessity of cooperation within economical, social and environmental sections. Since, tourism plays an important role in the improvement standards of living and rising people above the poverty threshold, it has become a platform to transform the vicious circles of misery, into virtuous circles towards productive transformation, welfare and improvement of human capita/. The complexity involved in constructing knowledge in different contextual frames make the entire debate on sustainable tourism extremely problematic, especially since stake holding communities are spread across continents and cultures. Many developing countries have found important to improve the linking of tourism (forward and backward) with the other sectors of the economy, so as to capitalize on the benefits of the globalisation and internationalisation of markets. Despite developing countries effort to develop the most suitable domestic policy environment, the economic sustainability of tourism is being undermined by external factors beyond their control, notably the predatory behaviour of integrated suppliers which enjoy a dominant position in the originating markets of tourism flows. Today, the Romanian hospitality industry confronts itself with problems such as the decline of the internal and external touristic demand, an old touristic product, the low standard in the services which do not satisfy the tourists' expectations, the payment and too high prices compared to the quality of the services, an insufficient promotion. Among the countries from the East and Center Europe, Romania is considered the country which possesses the richest and most varied natural touristic resources created by man and this gives a great disposability for tourism. The Romanian international touristic demand registers a diminution tendency due to some causes such as the low quality level of the offered touristic services, the touristic services non-diversification, the reduced amusement possibilities. Regional development policy is an ensemble of measures planned and promoted by the local and central public administration authorities, having as partners different actors (private, public, volunteers) in order to ensure a dynamic and lasting economic growth, through the effective use of the local and regional potential, in order to improve living conditions. The main areas regarded by the regional policies are development of enterprises, the labor market, attracting investments, development of the SMEs sector, improvement of infrastructure, the quality of the environment, rural development, health, education, culture. Any tourism growth and development activities in Romania should not be myopic and sustainability should be ensured at all levels: both inter and intro-generational.

scholarly journals Pandemic in the network society: Network readiness increases population vulnerability to COVID-19 in less developed countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (S1) ◽  
pp. 187-203
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper examines the factors which determine the impact of network communication and network connections on the likelihood of contracting the new coronavirus in the European and Latin American countries. The author presents several data sets to prove the following suggestions: 1) The generalized indicators of economic development and society’s globalization are not indicators of how vulnerable a country’s population may be in a pandemic; 2) Not the economy as such, but the conventional way of life of people, their daily behaviour and habits have a decisive influence on the disease spread; 3) Factors of prevention of illness and health promotion such as the habit of exercise, distance, and network communications use modern online services to become protective factors against the risk of infection only at a certain level of development of the country; 4) In the developed countries, a much broader set of factors than in the developing countries determine protection against disease risk; 5) The evolution of a networked society opens up significant opportunities for the developing countries to improve the quality of life, and the emergence of new, progressive traditions.

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