scholarly journals THE QUANTITATIVE REDUCTION OF 2,3,5-TRIPHENYL TETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE BY SKIN IN VITRO

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
FALLS B. HERSHEY ◽  
C. N. D. CRUICKSHANK ◽  
L. I. MULLINS
Keyword(s):  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride

scholarly journals In VitroPollen Viability and Pollen Germination in Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasusL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melekber Sulusoglu ◽  
Aysun Cavusoglu
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Cherry Laurel ◽  
Better Than

Pollen quality is important for growers and breeders. This study was carried out to determinein vitropollen viability and pollen germination in seven genotypes of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasusL.). Two pollen viability tests, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) and IKI (iodine potassium iodide), were used. Pollen traits of genotypes were studied using anin vitromedium containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% sucrose to determine the best sucrose concentrations for germination. In the second step, the germinated pollen was counted 1, 4, 6, 10, 12, 24, and 48 hours later until there was no further germination. The viability rates were different according to genotypes and tests used. The IKI and TTC staining tests and pollen germination had low correlation (r2= 0.0614 andr2= 0.0015, resp.). Painted pollen rate was higher and pollen was well-stained with IKI test and pollen viability estimated with TTC staining test was better than that estimated with the IKI staining test. 15% sucrose gave the best germination rates in most of the genotypes. Pollen germination rates were recorded periodically from one hour to 48 hours in 15% sucrose and the results showed that pollen germination rates increased after 6 hours of being placed in culture media.

scholarly journals The effect of tungstate ingestion on xanthine oxidase in milk and liver

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Owen ◽  
R. Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Acceptor ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Conventional Diet

1. The ingestion of doses of up to 6 g sodium tungstate (56 mg W/kg body-weight) by goats was found to diminish the amount of xanthine oxidase secreted in their milk so that, in some samples, the enzyme became undetectable. This effect occurred whether the goats were eating a semi-synthetic or a conventional diet.2. Tungstate ingestion by goats did not affect the concentration of riboflavine in their milk.3. The ingestion of sodium tungstate by young goats for 3–5 months diminished the amount of xanthine oxidase in their livers.4. When given in early lactation to two cows, doses of sodium tungstate (up to 20 g) diminished the titre of xanthine oxidase in their milk with no concomitant effect on the yields.5. Much later in lactation the milk phosphatase of these two cows was poorly correlated with milk xanthine oxidase. Reasons for this are discussed.6. Under anaerobic conditions, with xanthine as substrate and triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride as hydrogen acceptor, neither molybdate nor tungstate affected the xanthine oxidase activity of cow's or goat's milk in vitro. Molybdate in vitro did not enhance the very low titre of human milk.

Pollen viability of some Populus species as indicated by in vitro pollen germination and tetrazolium chloride staining

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P. Rajora ◽  
Louis Zsuffa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Populus Species

The viability of pollen of Populus deltoides, P. maximowiczii, and P. nigra was assessed by in vitro germination and by use of 0.5% 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining techniques. An agar medium with 10% sucrose resulted in maximum germination of P. deltoides and P. nigra pollen, while the medium with 20% sucrose was a optimal fo P. maximowiczii. Pollen staining in TTC for 1 h at 30 °C gave a good indication of pollen viability as determined by germination and seed set in poplar breeding programs. Significant differences in viability were observed among species, but not among clones and replications.

scholarly journals Potential Fertilization Capacity of Two Grapevine Varieties: Effects on Agricultural Production in Designation of Origin Areas in the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Cortiñas Rodríguez ◽  
María Fernández-González ◽  
Estefanía González-Fernández ◽  
Rosa A. Vázquez-Ruiz ◽  
F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Fertilization Capacity

In the present study, we analyzed the main parameters related with the potential fertilization ability of two grapevine varieties, Godello and Mencía, during the years 2017 and 2018. The research was carried out in two vineyards of the Galician winegrowing Designation of Origin areas of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra. Ten vines of each variety were selected for bunch and flower counting, pollen calculations, pollen viability studies by means of aceto-carmine (AC) stain and 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) methods, and the determination of their germination rate. In all vineyards the 50% fruitset was reached, except for Godello in Cenlle during 2017. The mean coulure value was higher for Godello (40.5%) than for Mencía (31%). Analyzing the pollen production per plant and airborne pollen levels, we observed important discordances between them, which can be due to the influence of weather conditions and be related with self-pollination processes. We found important differences on pollen viability depending on the applied method and variety, with higher values for the AC method than the TTC for both varieties in all study plots, and higher values for Mencía variety than Godello. Regarding germination rates, we observed a marked reduction in 2017 with respect to 2018, in all study sites and for both varieties. The analyzed parameters were useful to explain the different productive abilities of Godello and Mencía varieties in the two studied bioclimatic regions of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra.

A Histochemical Study of Dehydrogenase Activity in the Pectoralis Major Muscle of the Pigeon and certain other Vertebrate Skeletal Muscles

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (48) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
J. C. GEORGE ◽  
K. S. SCARIA
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
The Individual

Certain dehydrogenases in the breast muscle of the pigeon and fowl and the leg muscle of the fowl and frog were studied histochemically by the use of 2:3:5: triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. The dehydrogenase activity was found to have a relationship with the colour and the mitochondrial content of the individual muscle fibres. In the pigeon breast muscle, however, the broad white fibres did not show the presence of any of the enzymes studied. It is therefore concluded that these fibres in the pigeon breast muscle are a unique system in which none of the oxidative processes concerned takes place; they cannot be considered as analogous to the white fibres of the other muscles studied.

Oxygen uptake and tetrazolium reduction during skin cycle of the mouse

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira M. Dushoff ◽  
John Payne ◽  
Falls B. Hershey ◽  
Robert C. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Coefficient Of Regression ◽  
Tetrazolium Reduction

Quantitative measurements of oxygen consumption and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction by intact skin were made during various stages of the skin cycle of the mouse. Values are highest during early anagen, when growth is most rapid: Qo2 is 2.47 ± 0.10 (mean ± se) and TTC is 537 ± 24.6. In late anagen the activities decrease 40–50%: Qo2 is 1.24 ± 0.10 and TTC is 315 ± 20.8. There is a close relationship between tetrazolium reduction and oxygen consumption during all phases of the growth cycle of mouse skin. The coefficient of regression of TTC on Qo2 is 163.2 ( P < .001).

scholarly journals Histochemical and Quantitative Studies of the In Vitro Dehydrogenase Activity of Spleen in Hypersplenism

Blood ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURICE M. BLACK ◽  
JOSEPH A. PRESTON ◽  
FRANCIS D. SPEER ◽  
PHYLLIS BRENOWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Structural Feature ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Made In

Abstract Tetrazolium chloride was used to visualize the in vitro dehydrogenase activity of splenic tissues from cases with and without hypersplenism. In addition, quantitative measurements of such activity were made in the presence and absence of fluoride, malonate and azide. The data indicate that spleen slices from cases of hypersplenism differed from the controls and were characterized by (a) increased endogenous dehydrogenase activity of the lymphocytes, particularly around the follicles, (b) a decreased azide stimulation in those cases having an initial thrombocytopenia which responded to splenectomy, and (c) a decreased fluoride stimulation in those cases having an initial leukopenia which responded to splenectomy. Routine histological studies confirmed other reports that a constant structural feature of the spleen in hypersplenism is a perifollicular lymphocytic rimming.

In vitro and in vivo screening for cold tolerance in winter × spring wheat-derived doubled haploids following the wheat × maize system

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
H. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Ttc Test

Seventy-eight doubled haploid (DH) lines, derived from 21 elite and diverse winter × spring wheat F 1 hybrids, following the wheat × maize system, were screened along with the parental genotypes under in vitro and in vivo conditions for cold tolerance. Under in vitro conditions, the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test was used to characterize the genotypes for cold tolerance. Based on the TTC test, only one doubled haploid, DH 69, was characterized as cold-tolerant, seven DH and five winter wheat parents were moderately tolerant, while the rest were susceptible. Analysis of variance under in vivo conditions also indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes (DH lines + parents) for all the yield-contributing traits under study. The correlation and path analysis studies underlined the importance of indirect selection for tillers per plant, harvest index and grains per spike in order to improve grain yield. It was also concluded that selection should not be practised for grain weight per spike as it would adversely affect the grain yield per plant. When comparing the field performance of the genotypes with the in vitro screening parameters, it was concluded that in addition to the TTC test, comprising a single parameter, other physiological and biochemical in vitro parameters should be identified, which clearly distinguish between cold-tolerant and susceptible genotypes and also correlate well with their performance under field conditions.

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