scholarly journals The economic impact of the correct insulin injection technique associated with the use of 4 mm 32G needles in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes

Author(s):  
Roberto Ravasio ◽  
Giorgio Grassi
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2347-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Yuan ◽  
Fengfei Li ◽  
Ting Jing ◽  
Bo Ding ◽  
Yong Luo ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Klimontov ◽  
Mikhail M. Lazarev ◽  
Alexey A. Makhotin ◽  
Andrey Ju. Letyagin ◽  
Lilia A. Anisimova ◽  
...  

Background: Lipohypertrophy is primary dermal complication of insulin therapy. The data on the prevalence of lipohypertrophy in diabetic subjects are inconsistent, that may be due to the lack of sensitivity and subjectivity of palpation as diagnostic technique. Meanwhile, the reliability of lipohypertrophy detection can be increased by ultrasound. Aims: to compare clinical and ultrasound characteristics and to determine the risk factors of insulin-induced lipohypertrophy in diabetic subjects. Materials and methods: We observed 82 patients, including 26 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 56 subjects with type 2 diabetes. Duration of insulin therapy varied from 3 months to 37 years (median 14 years). The sites of insulin injections were assessed by palpation and ultrasound. Visualization protocol included gray-scale densitometry, strain elastography, and 3D Doppler power ultrasound. Scaled evaluation of ultrasound sings was applied. Insulin injection technique was assessed by questionnaire. Serum levels of insulin antibodies were determined by ELISA. Results: Lipohypertrophy was revealed by palpation and ultrasound in 57 and 80 patients (70% and 98%) respectively. Total lipohypertrophy area, acoustic density and total ultrasound score showed weak positive correlations with daily insulin dose (r=0.3, r=0.3 and r=0.35, respectively, all p0.006). Patients receiving insulin analogues had smaller area of abdominal lipohypertrophy than those on human insulin (p=0.03). A positive correlation was found between abdominal lipohypertrophy area and mean postprandial glucose (r=0.35, p=0.001). A rare needle change and injections in lipohypertrophy sites were the most common deviations in insulin injection technique (70 and 47 subjects, 85% and 53% respectively). The levels of insulin antibodies showed no association with lipohypertrophy parameters. Conclusions: Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes demonstrate high prevalence of lipohypertrophy in insulin injection sites. Ultrasonography is more sensitive method of diagnostics of lipohypertrophy compared with palpation. Insulin-induced lipohypertrophy is associated with errors in injection technique and higher insulin doses.


2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S37-S38
Author(s):  
EC Tan ◽  
M Yang ◽  
Y Wu ◽  
C Chen

Author(s):  
Jiang G ◽  
◽  
Wenzhou Jiang ◽  
Jin Zhou ◽  
◽  
...  

Background: Sodium-Glucose co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a set of relatively new medicines treating type 2 diabetes showed a great number of merits in control of glycemia and cardiovascular risk factor management, but also attracted attention on bone fracture. One of those major effects on skeleton might be Parathyroid Hormone (PTH). Case Presentation: We present the case of a 68-year-old female patient with type 2 diabetes on insulin injection and oral acarbose therapy who was admitted with constant hyperglycemia to our hospital. In the beginning, she showed a high level of serum PTH. In the process of oral dapagliflozin treatment, PTH concentration firstly increased and then decreased to the normal range. Diagnostic tests are completed to exclude hyperparathyroidism. Conclusions: The use of SGLT2 inhibitors among diabetes and nondiabetic populations is increasing, a great deal of undiscovered influence, such as hormone and ion fluctuation needs further investigation.


2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. A59
Author(s):  
J. Lin ◽  
P. Dhankhar ◽  
K. Bell ◽  
J. Chhatwal ◽  
M. Lingohr-Smith

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2933-2940
Author(s):  
Shereen Refaat Kamel ◽  
Hanaa A. Sadek ◽  
Ahmed Hamed ◽  
Omima A. Sayed ◽  
Mona H. Mahmud ◽  
...  

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