When Does Men’s Hostile Sexism Predict Relationship Aggression? The Moderating Role of Partner Commitment

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Cross ◽  
Nickola C. Overall ◽  
Matthew D. Hammond ◽  
Garth J. O. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Relationship Aggression ◽  
Relationship Partners ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Do So

Hostile sexism encompasses aggressive attitudes toward women who contest men’s power and suspicions that women will manipulate men by exploiting their relational dependence. Prior research has shown that these attitudes predict greater aggression toward female relationship partners, but has overlooked the contexts in which such aggression should occur. The present research identified an important contextual factor that determines when men’s hostile sexism is (and when it is not) associated with relationship aggression. Men who more strongly endorsed hostile sexism were more aggressive toward their female partners during couples’ daily life (Study 1) and conflict discussions (Study 2), but only when their female partners were perceived to be, or reported being, low in relationship commitment. These findings show that men who endorse hostile sexism do not always enact aggression toward female partners, but do so in contexts relevant to their fears that women will exploit men’s relational dependence and undermine men’s power.

Two Roads to Updating Brand Personality Impressions: Trait versus Evaluative Inferencing

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Venkataramani Johar ◽  
Jaideep Sengupta ◽  
Jennifer L. Aaker
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Brand Personality ◽  
Inference Making ◽  
New Information ◽  
Trait Inferences ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Do So

This research examines the dynamic process of inference updating. The authors present a framework that delineates two mechanisms that guide the updating of personality trait inferences about brands. The results of three experiments show that chronics (those for whom the trait is accessible) update their initial inferences on the basis of the trait implications of new information. Notably, nonchronics (those for whom the trait is not accessible) also update their initial inferences, but they do so on the basis of the evaluative implications of new information. The framework adds to the inference-making literature by uncovering two distinct paths of inference updating and by emphasizing the moderating role of trait accessibility. The findings have direct implications for marketers attempting to understand the construction of brand personality, and they emphasize the constantly evolving nature of brand perceptions and the notion that both the consumer and the marketer have important roles to play in this process.

Latino/a young adults’ experiences of acculturative stress, depressive symptoms, and romantic relationship commitment: Ethnic identity as protective

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752199647
Author(s):  
Sahitya Maiya ◽  
Sarah E. Killoren ◽  
J. Kale Monk ◽  
Gabrielle C. Kline ◽  
Fiorella L. Carlos Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Acculturative Stress ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

We examined the direct and indirect effects of acculturative stress via depressive symptoms on romantic relationship commitment, and the moderating role of ethnic identity (EI) in these associations. Participants included 475 Latino/a young adults (61% women; Mage = 25 years). Using conditional process modeling, we found that Latino/a young adults experiencing acculturative stress displayed greater depressive symptoms, which in turn, resulted in lower relationship commitment. Acculturative stress was also directly related to relationship commitment. EI buffered the negative effects of acculturative stress on relationship commitment. Discussion focuses on the interplay of EI and depressive symptoms for the relationship commitment of Latino/a young adults experiencing acculturative stress.

Perceptions of Dating Violence: Assessment and Antecedents

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091455
Author(s):  
Ezgi Toplu-Demirtaş ◽  
Gizem Öztemür ◽  
Frank D. Fincham
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
College Men ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Psychometric Tool ◽  
Do So ◽  
Myth Acceptance

Challenging perceptions of violence is crucial to prevent dating violence (DV), because such perceptions intervene in the organization and interpretation of violent events. However, these perceptions have received limited attention. This likely reflects the lack of a psychometric tool to do so. The current study had two purposes: to develop a measure of perceptions of psychological, sexual, and physical DV, and to explore how vertical collectivism, through hostile sexism and violence myth acceptance, shapes perceptions of DV. A total of 491 college students (55.3% women; M = 20.76 years, SD = 1.77 years) completed measures of the vertical collectivism, hostile sexism, domestic violence myth acceptance, and perceptions of DV. The results of exploratory factor analyses revealed a 15-item single-factor measure of perceptions of DV as initial construct validity, which had satisfactory internal consistency. A gender difference emerged in perceptions of DV; college women perceived psychological, sexual, and physical DV as more serious compared with college men. Moreover, the association between vertical collectivism and perceptions of DV was serially mediated via hostile sexism and violence myth acceptance. The findings are discussed in terms of previous research and the need to address the role of vertical collectivism in sexism, myth acceptance, and perceptions of violence in prevention/intervention efforts to reduce vulnerability to DV perpetration and victimization. Several recommendations are outlined to facilitate future research.

scholarly journals The Role of R&D Leverage as a Dynamic Capability in Performance Creation: Evidence from SMEs in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung-Shan Liao
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Dynamic Capability ◽  
High Resource ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Do So ◽  
Performance Creation

This study addresses the role of R&D leverage in SMEs’ performance creation. The authors do so by considering SMEs’ high resource dependence due to isomorphism. We propose that R&D leverage, with a presence of dynamic capabilities, plays a moderating role in the relation between resource investments and performance. This study, which focused on Taiwan’s SMEs, conducts a questionnaire survey using the hierarchical sampling technique, across various industries and geographic areas in Taiwan. The empirical findings reveal that R&D leverage as an essential leveler in resource management enhances resource advantages.

Sexism, perceived discrimination, and system justification in the 2016 U.S. presidential election context

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margo J. Monteith ◽  
Laura K. Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Sexist Attitudes ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
System Threat

The 2016 U.S. presidential election provided a pertinent context for investigating novel influences on system-related beliefs. We examined Trump and Clinton supporters’ sexist attitudes toward women, perceptions of gender discrimination, and system justification before and after the election. Controlling for conservatism, we found that (a) Trump supporters reported more modern and hostile sexism than Clinton supporters; (b) male Trump supporters perceived greater gender discrimination toward men than male Clinton supporters, an effect mediated by sexist attitudes toward women; (c) female Trump supporters perceived less gender discrimination toward women than female Clinton supporters, an effect also mediated by sexist attitudes toward women; and (d) system justification increased among Trump supporters but decreased among Clinton supporters postelection. These results extend the existing literature on system-related beliefs by revealing the role of antifeminism and misogyny in shaping perceptions of gender discrimination and highlighting how political outcomes are associated with system threat versus reinforcement.

Sexist Humor and Rape Proclivity: The Moderating Role of Joke Teller Gender and Severity of Sexual Assault

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 951-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Romero-Sánchez ◽  
Hugo Carretero-Dios ◽  
Jesús L. Megías ◽  
Miguel Moya ◽  
Thomas E. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Sexist Humor ◽  
Rape Proclivity ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Three experiments examined the effect of sexist humor on men’s self-reported rape proclivity (RP). Pilot study demonstrated that people differentiate the five rape scenarios of Bohner et al.’s. RP Scale based on the degree of physical violence perpetrated against the victim. Experiment 1 demonstrated that men higher in hostile sexism report greater RP upon exposure to sexist jokes when a woman (vs. a man) delivers them, and that this effect is limited to rape scenarios depicting a moderate versus a high level of physical violence. Experiment 2 further demonstrated that the relationship between hostile sexism and rape proclivity in response to a moderately violent rape scenario after exposure to sexist humor generalizes beyond women in the immediate humor context to women as a whole.

Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide – The Moderating Role of Social Support

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Lew ◽  
Ksenia Chistopolskaya ◽  
Yanzheng Liu ◽  
Mansor Abu Talib ◽  
Olga Mitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Strains ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract. Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conflicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and strains were assessed with the Psychological Strains Scale. Results: Psychological strains are a good predictor of suicidality, and social support, a basic need for each human being, moderates and decreases the effects of psychological strains on suicidality. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey limited the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships can be drawn. Furthermore, the results may not be generalized to the whole of China because of its diversity. Conclusion: Social support has a tendency to mitigate the effects of psychological strains on suicidality.

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