scholarly journals EFFECTS OF INFLAMMATION ON SUBPOPULATIONS OF BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH WIENER ◽  
FILIBERTO GIACOMELLI ◽  
JOANNA V. POMERANZ ◽  
ALDEN V. LOUD
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Surface Binding ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Minor Population

A method for quantitative cytochemistry has been used to study the surface properties of blood lymphocytes of guinea pigs 24 hr after the production of cell-mediated immunity or acute inflammation. Three subpopulations of small lymphocytes with different surface-binding characteristics for Thorotrast particles have been observed. The average number of particles per micron length of surface membrane, i.e., particle density, has been determined for each class of cells. Only two clusters separated by a distinct gap are apparent in each group of animals. There is a significant decrease in the mean particle density of the major subpopulation of lymphocytes in each group of animals with inflammatory reactions, thereby suggesting a reduction in surface charge. On the other hand, the particle density distribution of the minor population of cells does not differ from normal. The role of surface charge alterations on the circulation, margination and emigration of lymphocytes is discussed.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE PREOPERATIVE PRELOAD WITH CARBOHYDRATES UPON METABOLIC, IMMUNE AND CYTOKINE STATUSES AFTER RECONSTRUCTIVE ESOPHAGEAL SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-888
Author(s):  
I. A. Tarasova ◽  
E. V. Inviyaeva ◽  
K. A. Bunyatyan ◽  
A. T. Tskhovrebov ◽  
V. V. Nikoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The aimof this prospective randomized clinical study was to investigate the role of preoperative carbohydrate admnistration in surgery-induced metabolic, immune and inflammatory reactions after thoracoabdominal operations. At the Surgical department I (B.V. Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery), we investigated a modulatory role of carbohydrate preload upon surgical stress observed after major thoracoabdominal operations (thoracoscopic and open esophagectomy, retrosternal colonic esophagoplasty) followed by the enhanced recovery protocol. The study was performed in 2014-2017, it included 30 patients, divided into 2 groups. Group A patients (n = 16) received carbohydrates preload (12.5% maltodextrin solution per os or enterally). In patients with dysphagia, the 12.5% dextrose solution was used intravenously in equal volumes. Group B patients didn’t receive any additional preload with carbohydrates. The groups were age- and gendermatched, similar for disease and surgery types. Glucose and insulin levels (with HOMA insulin resistance index, HOMA-IR) were measured before surgery and on day +1, interleukin levels (IL-6, IL-10, IL-8) and index IL-8/IL-10 were assessed before surgery, and on days +1 and +5 after surgery. Cell-mediated immunity was investigated before surgery and on day +5.The stress-induced hyperglycemia (> 7.8 mmol/L) was detected more frequently in group B (50%), than in group A (6%), p = 0.012. Insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR in group B was detected in 71% of patients and in 25% patients of group A only, p = 0.027. Individual analysis of immune response demonstrated that a trend for immune recovery was detected by the day +5 post-op in the group A. Postoperative levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were lower on day +1 and +5 in group A. Morbidity rates and the terms of hospitalization were similar in both groups. Local postsurgical infections in group A were developed in 6% of the patients vs 35.6% in group B (p = 0.072).In conclusion, a complex study of surgical stress, i.e., metabolic, immune and inflammatory reactions after esophageal surgery has shown that the carbohydrate preload decreased the incidence of postoperative insulin resistance and stress-induced hyperglycemia, being accompanied by lower release of proinflammatory cytokines and provides positive effects upon the patient’s immune system.

scholarly journals SUBPOPULATIONS OF BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES DEMONSTRATED BY QUANTITATIVE CYTOCHEMISTRY

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
FILIBERTO GIACOMELLI ◽  
JOSEPH WIENER ◽  
JOANNA V. POMERANZ ◽  
ALDEN V. LOUD ◽  
JOSEPH B. KRUSKAL
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Quantitative Cytochemistry ◽  
Number Of Particles

The cell coats of glutaraldehyde-fixed blood lymphocytes from guinea pigs have been stained with Thorotrast and examined by electron microscopy. The lymphocytes have been classified into three groups with respect to the concentration and distribution of colloidal particles over their surfaces. The average number of particles per micron length of cell surface membrane, the particle density, has then been measured for each class of cells. These values are distributed into two clusters separated by a gap. A new statistical test for bimodality has been devised to evaluate the significance of such a gap in terms of its "dip intensity." The results of this analysis demonstrate the existence of at least two distinct populations of blood lymphocytes, indistinguishable by other morphologic criteria.

scholarly journals Fas/FasL Contributes to HSV-1 Brain Infection and Neuroinflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Krzyzowska ◽  
Andrzej Kowalczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Skulska ◽  
Karolina Thörn ◽  
Kristina Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Herpes Encephalitis ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Hsv 1

The Fas/FasL pathway plays a key role in immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. In the central nervous system (CNS) Fas/FasL is involved in axonal outgrowth and adult neurogenesis. However, little is known about the role of the Fas/FasL pathway in herpes encephalitis. In this study, we used a neuropathogenic clinical strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to explore infection-induced inflammation and immune responses in the mouse brain and the role of Fas/FasL in antiviral CNS immunity. HSV-1 CNS infection induced the infiltration of Fas- FasL-bearing monocytes and T cells in the brain and also to an up-regulation of Fas and FasL expression on resident astrocytes and microglia within infected sites. Upon infection, Fas- and FasL-deficient mice (lpr and gld) were partially protected from encephalitis with a decreased morbidity and mortality compared to WT mice. Fas/FasL deficiency promoted cell-mediated immunity within the CNS. Fas receptor stimulation abrogated HSV-1 induced activation and inflammatory reactions in microglia from WT mice, while lack of Fas or FasL led to a more pronounced activation of monocytes and microglia and also to an enhanced differentiation of these cells into a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. Furthermore, the specific immune system was more efficient in Fas- and FasL-deficient mice with significantly higher numbers of infiltrating HSV-1-specific cytotoxic T cells in the brain. Our data indicate that the Fas/FasL pathway leads to excessive neuroinflammation during HSV-1 infection, which is associated with a diminished anti-viral response and an excessive neuroinflammation.

The role of negative charge in spontaneous aggregation of transformed and untransformed cell lines

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
T.C. Wright ◽  
B. Smith ◽  
B.R. Ware ◽  
M.J. Karnovsky
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Anionic Sites ◽  
Neuraminidase Treatment ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Negative Surface Charge ◽  
Spontaneous Aggregation ◽  
Untransformed Cell

No correlation between net negative surface charge as determined by electrophoretic light-scattering techniques and the rates of spontaneous aggregation of 3T3MIT and SVPy 3T3MIT cells has been found. Neuraminidase treatment of both 3T3MIT cells and SVPy 3T3MIT cells causes a significant decrease in electrophoretic mobility but only the 3T3MIT cells show an increase in spontaneous aggregation. An increase in spontaneous aggregation of 3T3MIT cells is seen after growth in 200 mM urea for 18 h but no change in net surface charge occurs. The distribution of anionic sites on the membranes of cells was determined using the ultrastructural marker polycationized ferritin. The distribution of polycationized ferritin-binding sites was essentially identical for both cell lines under all conditions when they were labelled at 4 degrees C. When the cells were labelled with polycationized ferritin at 37 degrees C it was found that cells which have a high net rate of spontaneous aggregation also show rearrangement of anionic sites on their surface membrane. Clustering and rearrangement of anionic sites at 37 degrees C correlate with high rates of spontaneous aggregation.

Role of the Cilia Membrane in Control of Microtubule Sliding

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 612-615
Author(s):  
Edna S. Kaneshiro
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Ciliary Membrane ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Ciliary Reversal ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Reversal Mechanism ◽  
And Function

It is currently believed that ciliary beating results from microtubule sliding which is restricted in regions to cause bending. Cilia beat can be modified to bring about changes in beat frequency, cessation of beat and reversal in beat direction. In ciliated protozoans these modifications which determine swimming behavior have been shown to be related to intracellular (intraciliary) Ca2+ concentrations. The Ca2+ levels are in turn governed by the surface ciliary membrane which exhibits increased Ca2+ conductance (permeability) in response to depolarization. Mutants with altered behaviors have been isolated. Pawn mutants fail to exhibit reversal of the effective stroke of ciliary beat and therefore cannot swim backward. They lack the increased inward Ca2+ current in response to depolarizing stimuli. Both normal and pawn Paramecium made leaky to Ca2+ by Triton extrac¬tion of the surface membrane exhibit backward swimming only in reactivating solutions containing greater than IO-6 M Ca2+ Thus in pawns the ciliary reversal mechanism itself is left operational and only the control mechanism at the membrane is affected. The topographic location of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels has been identified as a component of the ciliary mem¬brane since the inward Ca2+ conductance response is eliminated by deciliation and the return of the response occurs during cilia regeneration. Since the ciliary membrane has been impli¬cated in the control of Ca2+ levels in the cilium and therefore is the site of at least one kind of control of microtubule sliding, we have focused our attention on understanding the structure and function of the membrane.

Recent Advances in Obesity: The Role of Turmeric Tuber and Its Metabolites in the Prophylaxis and Therapeutical Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4837-4853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Jarząb ◽  
Wirginia Kukula-Koch
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Important Health ◽  
High Concern

Background: Obesity in the 21st century society became an important health problem, alarming both the scientists and medicine doctors around the world. That is why, the search for new drug candidates capable to reduce the body weight is of high concern. Objective: This contribution tends to collect current findings on the biochemistry of obesity and on the application of plants and in particular turmeric tuber – a commonly used spice - as an anti-obesity agent. Methods: Following an introduction on the biochemical characteristics of obesity, the description of Curcuma secondary metabolites, their pharmacological applications and a study on the plants’ regulatory properties in obesity was summarized. Particular attention was paid to curcumin – the major metabolite present in the extracts of Curcuma spp., which is known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions. Also, the characteristics of some semisynthetic analogues of this ferulic acid derivative, characterized by a higher polarity and better bioavailability will be discussed. Results: Numerous scientific papers treat on the influence of turmeric on weight loss. Additionally, some of them describe its anti-inflammatory properties. Conclusions: This important spice tends to fight the 21st century plague, which is an excessive weight gain, related to the development of metabolic syndrome, to the occurrence of cardiovascular problems and diabetes, and, in consequence, leading to a significant shortening of life span. As herein proven, the extracts of turmeric play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory reactions which are evoked in the overweight patients, helping them reduce the excess body weight.

The Role of Inflammasomes in Atherosclerosis and Stroke Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (34) ◽  
pp. 4234-4245
Author(s):  
Deepaneeta Sarmah ◽  
Aishika Datta ◽  
Swapnil Raut ◽  
Ankan Sarkar ◽  
Birva Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways

Inflammation is a devastating outcome of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), namely stroke and atherosclerosis. Numerous studies over the decade have shown that inflammasomes play a role in mediating inflammatory reactions post cellular injury occurring after a stroke or a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. In view of this, targeting these inflammatory pathways using different pharmacological therapies may improve outcomes in patients with CVD. Here, we review the mechanisms by which inflammasomes drive the pathogenesis of stroke and atherosclerosis. Also, discussed here are the possible treatment strategies available for inhibiting inflammasomes or their up-stream/down-stream mediators.

scholarly journals Role of MDA5 in regulating CXCL10 expression induced by TLR3 signaling in human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Saruga ◽  
Tadaatsu Imaizumi ◽  
Shogo Kawaguchi ◽  
Kazuhiko Seya ◽  
Tomoh Matsumiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid ◽  
Tlr3 Signaling ◽  
Fibroblast Like Synoviocytes

AbstractC-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) is an inflammatory chemokine and a key molecule in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is an RNA helicase that plays a role in innate immune and inflammatory reactions. The details of the regulatory mechanisms of CXCL10 production and the precise role of MDA5 in RA synovitis have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the role of MDA5 in regulating CXCL10 expression in cultured human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RFLS). RFLS was stimulated with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic double-stranded RNA mimetic. Expression of interferon beta (IFN-β), MDA5, and CXCL10 was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A neutralizing antibody of IFN-β and siRNA-mediated MDA5 knockdown were used to determine the role of these molecules in regulating CXCL10 expression downstream of TLR3 signaling in RFLS. Poly I:C induced IFN-β, MDA5, and CXCL10 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. IFN-β neutralizing antibody suppressed the expression of MDA5 and CXCL10, and knockdown of MDA5 decreased a part of CXCL10 expression (p < 0.001). The TLR3/IFN-β/CXCL10 axis may play a crucial role in the inflammatory responses in RA synovium, and MDA5 may be partially involved in this axis.

scholarly journals Tenascin-C in Heart Diseases—The Role of Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5828
Author(s):  
Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Matricellular Protein ◽  
Myocardial Repair ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Tenascin C ◽  
Genetically Engineered Mice

Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein and an original member of the matricellular protein family. TNC is transiently expressed in the heart during embryonic development, but is rarely detected in normal adults; however, its expression is strongly up-regulated with inflammation. Although neither TNC-knockout nor -overexpressing mice show a distinct phenotype, disease models using genetically engineered mice combined with in vitro experiments have revealed multiple significant roles for TNC in responses to injury and myocardial repair, particularly in the regulation of inflammation. In most cases, TNC appears to deteriorate adverse ventricular remodeling by aggravating inflammation/fibrosis. Furthermore, accumulating clinical evidence has shown that high TNC levels predict adverse ventricular remodeling and a poor prognosis in patients with various heart diseases. Since the importance of inflammation has attracted attention in the pathophysiology of heart diseases, this review will focus on the roles of TNC in various types of inflammatory reactions, such as myocardial infarction, hypertensive fibrosis, myocarditis caused by viral infection or autoimmunity, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The utility of TNC as a biomarker for the stratification of myocardial disease conditions and the selection of appropriate therapies will also be discussed from a clinical viewpoint.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document