scholarly journals Endotoxemia is associated with an adverse metabolic profile

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Anne-Mari Määttä ◽  
Aino Salminen ◽  
Milla Pietiäinen ◽  
Jaakko Leskelä ◽  
Teemu Palviainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Vldl Particle ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Adult Twins

Our aim was to analyze whether endotoxemia, i.e. translocation of LPS to circulation, is reflected in the serum metabolic profile in a general population and in participants with cardiometabolic disorders. We investigated three Finnish cohorts separately and in a meta-analysis ( n = 7178), namely population-based FINRISK97, FinnTwin16 consisting of young adult twins, and Parogene, a random cohort of cardiac patients. Endotoxemia was determined as serum LPS activity and metabolome by an NMR platform. Potential effects of body mass index (BMI), smoking, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and coronary heart disease (CHD) status were considered. Endotoxemia was directly associated with concentrations of VLDL, IDL, LDL, and small HDL lipoproteins, VLDL particle diameter, total fatty acids (FA), glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, and Glc, and inversely associated with concentration of large HDL, diameters of LDL and HDL, as well as unsaturation degree of FAs. Some of these disadvantageous associations were significantly stronger in smokers and subjects with high BMI, but did not differ between participants with different CHD status. In participants with MetS, however, the associations of endotoxemia with FA parameters and GlycA were particularly strong. The metabolic profile in endotoxemia appears highly adverse, involving several inflammatory characters and risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders.

Dietary branched-chain amino acids intake exhibited a different relationship with type 2 diabetes and obesity risk: a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Justina Ucheojor Onwuka ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

scholarly journals 17 Challenges and implications of feeding diets with excess concentrations of leucine to growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Henrique S Cemin ◽  
Hayden R Kerkaert ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Excess dietary leucine stimulates the key enzymes involved in branched-chain catabolism causing breakdown of all branched-chain amino acids, including isoleucine and valine. Branched-chain amino acids share a common brain transporter with other large neutral amino acids (LNAA). Excess levels of one of the LNAA increases brain uptake of that amino acid and decreases the uptake of the other LNAA, including tryptophan. Thus, excess leucine can impact the requirements for many amino acids. From a practical basis, this effect was first demonstrated with diets containing blood meal, but was thought to be of limited concern unless high blood meal diets were fed. Use of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) or high protein DDGS in corn-based diets results in diets containing excess leucine. These high leucine levels are of limited concern if adequate levels of other branched-chain amino acids and LNAA are fed, which is often the case if the diet consists largely of intact protein sources. Feed grade amino acids, such as L-lysine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, DL-methionine, L-valine, and L-isoleucine have been widely adopted as a means to lower nitrogen excretion and diet cost. Including these amino acids in diets containing corn products reduces dietary leucine; but the resulting diets are formulated near the requirement for the first 6 limiting amino acids, including valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan, while still being high in leucine. The excess leucine increases the requirements for valine, isoleucine, and possibly other LNAA, such as tryptophan and possibly others. The exact relationship between these amino acids and how to handle them in practical diet formulation is still being elucidated; however, recent meta-analysis and experimental data confirm the importance of these ratios and provide useful direction for future research.

scholarly journals Are Supplemental Branched-Chain Amino Acids Beneficial During the Oncological Peri-Operative Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153473542199755
Author(s):  
Elise Cogo ◽  
Mohamed Elsayed ◽  
Vivian Liang ◽  
Kieran Cooley ◽  
Christilynn Guerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Branched Chain

Background: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) are essential amino acids involved in immune responses, and may have roles in protein malnutrition and sarcopenia. Furthermore, certain liver diseases have been associated with a decreased Fischer’s ratio (BCAAs to aromatic amino acids; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BCAAs use in patients with cancer undergoing surgery. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched (inception to July 24, 2020) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies in English evaluating BCAAs (alone or in combinations) during the oncological peri-operative period. Study selection, data extraction, and quality appraisal were done in duplicate. RCT risk-of-bias was appraised using Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool, and observational studies’ quality assessment was conducted with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses were conducted when appropriate. Results: 20 articles were included comprising 13 RCTs and 6 observational cohort studies in 7 reports and 2019 total participants overall. Among 13 RCTs, 77% involved liver cancer. Methodological study quality scored substantial risk-of-bias across most RCTs. Meta-analysis of RCTs found a 38% decreased risk of post-operative infections in BCAAs group compared to controls (RR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.44 to 0.87; P = .006; number of RCTs, k = 6; total sample size, N = 389; I2 = 0%). BCAAs were also found to be beneficial for ascites (RR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.86; P = .008; k = 4; N = 296; I2 = 0%), body weight (MD = 3.24 kg; 95% CI = 0.44 to 6.04; P = .02; k = 3; N = 196; I2 = 24%), and hospitalization length (MD = −2.07 days; 95% CI = −3.97 to −0.17; P = .03; k = 5; N = 362; I2 = 59%). No differences were found between BCAAs and controls for mortality, recurrence, other post-operative complications (liver failure, edema, pleural effusion), blood loss, quality of life, ammonia level, and prothrombin time. No serious adverse events were related to BCAAs; however, serious adverse events were reported due to intravenous catheters. No safety concerns from observational studies were identified. Conclusions: Branched-chain amino acids during the oncological surgical period demonstrated promise in reducing important post-operative morbidity from infections and ascites compared to controls. Blinded, placebo-controlled confirmatory trials of higher methodological quality are warranted, especially using oral, short-term BCAAs-enriched supplements within the context of recent ERAS programs. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018086168.

Bariatric surgery reduces branched-chain amino acids’ levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Barati-Boldaji ◽  
Cain C.T. Clark ◽  
Siavash Babajafari ◽  
Asma Kazami ◽  
Zahra Esmaeilinezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals 206 Meta-analysis of the response of piglets to dietary valine: impact of other branched chain amino acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Maroua Zouaoui ◽  
Aude Simongiovanni ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Branched chain amino acids (BCAA), valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile) and leucine (Leu) share the same metabolic pathways. An excess of Leu stimulates the catabolism of Val and Ile that may lead to a decrease in piglet growth performance. The objective of this study is to quantify the response of piglets to dietary Val and the influence of Leu and Ile on this response through a meta-analysis approach. A total of 16 articles published between 2001 and 2018, including 23 experiments and 126 treatments were used. Multiple regression models were fitted with the MIXED procedure of Minitab software with the random effect of the experiment. The Y variables were Average Daily Gain (ADG), Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). The main X variable was the Standardized Ileal Digestible Val (ValSID) and the other ones were Leu (LeuSID) and Ile (IleSID). The response of ADG, ADFI and FCR to ValSID was curvilinear (P< 0.001: ADG, R2 = 0.93%; ADFI, R2= 0.97%; FCR, R2=0.93%). Results showed that increasing dietary LeuSID reduced ADG and ADFI (P< 0.05) but also that the response of piglets to ValSID was stronger in high LeuSID diet (P < 0.05; Interaction ValSIDxLeuSID; ADG and ADFI). Based on these models, increasing dietary ValSID from 7 to 8.5g/kg generates in wheat-based diets (10 g /kg of LeuSID) an improvement of ADG of 4.7% and ADFI of 2.5% compared to 7.4% for ADG and 5.2% for ADFI in corn-based diets (14 g/ kg of LeuSID). The response of ADG, ADFI and FCR to ValSID was not modified by IleSID. This study showed that ADG, ADFI and FCR are improved with increasing dietary Val and this effect was modulated by dietary Leu content except for FCR. Results can help piglet nutritionists to optimize dietary Val levels based on other BCAA content.

scholarly journals Does Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Supplementation Attenuate Muscle Damage Markers and Soreness after Resistance Exercise in Trained Males? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
Chutimon Khemtong ◽  
Chia-Hua Kuo ◽  
Chih-Yen Chen ◽  
Salvador J. Jaime ◽  
Giancarlo Condello
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Muscle Damage Markers

Previous studies have reported the positive effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) supplementation on lowering plasma markers of muscle damage and subjective soreness after resistance exercise. However, a variety of factors can potentially moderate its efficacy. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the effect of BCAAs supplementation on plasma muscle damage markers and soreness after resistance exercise in only trained males, by considering the plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Randomized controlled trials were identified through a computerized literature search for the period 2010–2020. The pooled data were analyzed with the random-effects model and heterogeneity using I2. Cochrane Collaboration tools was used for the assessment of risk of bias. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A positive effect was found for CK at <24, 24, and 48 h after exercise and for muscle soreness at <24 h only. However, the positive effect was not evident for plasma LDH at any follow-up time. Different outcomes for post-exercise responses may suggest that BCAAs supplementation can attenuate muscle damage and ameliorate muscle soreness after resistance exercise in trained males.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis links dietary branched-chain amino acids to metabolic health in rodents

BMC Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Solon-Biet ◽  
Lucy Griffiths ◽  
Sophie Fosh ◽  
David G. Le Couteur ◽  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
Background Diet ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Background The role of dietary branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their effect on metabolic health is complex. How dietary BCAA levels and their interaction with background nutrition affect health is unclear. Here, we used meta-analysis and meta-regression, together with the nutritional modelling, to analyse the results of rodent studies that increased the level of dietary BCAAs and measured circulating levels, outcomes related to metabolic health, body mass and food intake. Results Across all studies, increasing dietary BCAAs resulted in increased levels of circulating BCAAs. These effects, however, were heavily moderated by background dietary levels whereby on high BCAA diets, further increases were not reflected in the blood. Impaired glucose tolerance was associated with elevated dietary BCAAs, with the greatest effect occurring with a simultaneous increase in total protein intake. Effects of dietary BCAAs on plasma glucose, insulin, or HOMA emerged only when dietary macronutrient background was considered. We found that elevated dietary BCAAs increases % body fat, with largest increases in adiposity occurring when BCAAs are increased on a high protein, low carbohydrate dietary background. Finally, we found that increased dietary BCAAs were associated with increased food intake when the background diet was low in BCAAs. Conclusion Our data highlights the interaction between BCAAs and background nutrition. We show that the effects of BCAAs on metabolic health cannot be studied in isolation but must be considered as part of complex mixture of dietary components.

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