scholarly journals Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus supplementation on innate immunity and changes of related immune factors in healthy mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 175342592095520
Author(s):  
YunQiang Zhang ◽  
YunLu Zhang ◽  
ZiKui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acanthopanax Senticosus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immune Factors

Modern scientific research has shown that Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) can regulate the innate immunity of healthy animals, thus affecting the health of animals. However, there are few systematic reports on the changes of innate immune indices of healthy animals after consuming AS. The purpose of this project was to study the effect on healthy mice’s innate immunity and changes of related immune factors induced by feeding AS root powder supplementation. The results showed that the killing rate of natural cells increased in a dose-dependent manner in a certain time period. Compared to the control group, the treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) improved significantly in the innate immune index (lysozyme, β-defensin-2 and duodenal secretory IgA (SIgA) to varying degrees) and induced corresponding changes of immune factors at certain time periods. The correlation between SIgA and IFN-γ in mouse serum was enhanced, and the higher the concentration of AS in the diet, the stronger the correlation was. However, there was no significant difference in growth performance among groups. It is proved that AS supplementation can enhance innate immunity and change several relevant immune factors and cells of healthy mice without affecting growth performance.

The Toxicity Effect of Echium Amoenum on the Liver and Kidney of Mice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Ghorbani ◽  
Atefeh Araghi ◽  
Nabi Shariatifar ◽  
Seyed Hooman Mirbaha ◽  
Behrokh Marzban Abbasabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Echium Amoenum

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of Echium amoenum plants on the liver and kidney of animal model. Background: Echium amoenum is one of the medicinal plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids with several properties which has widely consumed among different communities. Objective: The toxic effects of Echium amoenum on the liver and kidney were investigated in this study. Methods: Sixty mice were kept for 28 days under the appropriate laboratory conditions. Echium amoenum extract (25, 12.5, 50 mg / kg, ip.) was administered for 28 days. At the end of experiment, blood samples were drawn and liver and kidneys were removed for evaluating hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of extract. Additionally, experiments were conducted to assay the enzymatic and oxidative activities. Results: There was no significant difference in the levels of copper ion in the liver and kidneys among all groups. There was a significant difference in the levels of lipid peroxidation in the liver of treated groups versus control group. The significant difference was not observed in the levels of glutathione of the liver of all groups. However, the levels of glutathione of the kidney significantly decreased in the treated groups versus control group. There was no significant difference in the liver enzymes including ALP, SGOT, and SGPT between all groups. This indicates that damage increase with enhancing the time and concentrations of extract. Biochemical analysis showed the creatinine and urea levels did not change in the treated groups versus control group. Conclusion: According to the present findings, it is suggested that Echium amoenum causes hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity effects in dose and time dependent manner.

scholarly journals Effect of Tramadol on Sperm Profile of Male Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I. S. Esua ◽  
U. U. Uno ◽  
U. B. Ekaluo
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Tramadol is a potent analgesic effective in the treatment of mild to severe pains. However, the use of the drug can pose a threat to other organs and systems. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of graded doses of tramadol on sperm profile of male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Eighteen male rats were divided into three groups (A, B and C) using completely randomized design (CRD) with six rats in each group. Rats in group A served as the control group and were given just food and water while groups B and C were given tramadol at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively, daily for the period of 65 days. The treatment was administered via oral gavage and at the end of the treatments, the rats were sacrificed. Immediately after sacrifice, a puncture was made in the epididymis with a sterile pin and examined for semen pH. The epididymes were processed for epididymal sperm motility, viability, count and sperm head abnormality. Results: There was no significant difference in the weight of testes and semen pH. Sperm viability, sperm motility, sperm count and weight of epididymes significantly reduced (p<0.05) in tramadol treated animals when compared with the control. Results also indicated statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in sperm head abnormalities in rats treated with tramadol when compared with the control. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study reveal that tramadol has negative effects on weight of epididymes, sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility and sperm head abnormalities in male albino rat as mammalian models in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory, Apoptosis Induction and Antitumor Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Calvatia Craniiformis in Mice Transfected with Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1206-1214
Author(s):  
Ghassan Hamdan Jameel ◽  
Ali Ibrahim Ali AL-Ezzy ◽  
Ibrahim H. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Apoptotic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Tumour Mass ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the Immunomodulatory, apoptosis induction and antitumor effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Calvatia craniiformis regarding the size of tumour mass, caspase-8 expression and apoptotic index (AI%) in mice transfected with murine hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (H22) as an experimental therapeutic system for human hepatocellular carcinoma.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight Balb/C albino mice were transfected in legs with H22 cells. Tumour size was measured twice a week. Caspase-8 protein expression and apoptotic index determination evaluated by Immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Tumor size significantly differed between the two groups of mice transfected with H22 cells; the first was treated with C. craniiformis aqueous extract (0.3, 0.6, 1.2) mg/kg and the second group was treated with C. craniiformis methanolic extract (0.25, 0.5, 1.0) mg/kg compared with control group. The inhibitory activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts was dose and duration dependent. The size of the tumour mass was reduced up to 87.9% when treated with 1.2 mg/kg aqueous extract and 1 mg/kg for methanolic extract. Caspase-8 expression was increased in a dose-dependent manner among H22 bearing mice treated with C. craniiformis aqueous extract (0.3, 0.6, 1.2) mg/kg. At 0.3 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (66.67%). While at 0.6 mg/kg and 1.2 mg/kg the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (100%) with a significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). H22 bearing mice treated with (0.25, 0.5, 1.0) mg/kg C. craniiformis methanolic extract shows increased caspase-8 expression in a dose-dependent manner. At 0.25 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (66.67%). While at 0.5 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (100%). At 1.0 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (16.67%) and very strong in (83.33%) with significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). AI% of H22 bearing mice treated with C. craniiformis aqueous and methanolic extracts were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the untreated control group. No significant difference was reported in AI% between aqueous and methanolic extracts treated groups.CONCLUSIONS: Extracts of C. craniiformis were highly efficient in tumour growth inhibition, causing a reduction in the tumour size clinically and increase the expression of caspase-8 gene product in tumour tissue, causing increase apoptotic index of H22 cells taken from the legs of inoculated mice leading to loss of legs due to bone necrosis. Antitumor activity of C. craniiformis aqueous, and the methanolic extract was dose and duration dependent.

Abstract 145: Development of Novel S100A9 Peptide Vaccine for Prevention of Thrombus Formation in Ischemic Stroke in Mice

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Kawano ◽  
Munehisa Shimamura ◽  
Hironori Nakagami ◽  
Hiroshi Koriyama ◽  
Tsutomu Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Elispot Assay ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Vaccine Group ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Subclass ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and purpose: Nonadherence of antithrombotic medicine is one of major risk factors for recurrent strokes. Immunotherapy, such as antithrombotic vaccination, is expected to solve such a problem due to its long-lasting effects. Here, we focused on platelet-derived S100A9, which has directly regulate thrombosis without influence on hemostasis, and examined the antithrombotic effects of newly developed S100A9 vaccine in mice. Methods: S100A9 vaccine was designed to select the short peptide as an antigen of S100A9 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Male C57BL/6J mice were immunized with S100A9 vaccine three times at 2 weeks interval. Middle cerebral arteries (MCA) was exposed to topical application of 20% ferric chloride. The time to occlude the MCA was examined measuring cerebral blood flow with a laser doppler flowmeter. Bleeding time was assessed by cutting the tail arteries. The thrombus formation was also assessed using the laminar flow chamber. The influences of vaccine for T-cell activation were assed using an IgG subclass ELISA and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay. Results: S100A9 vaccine successfully produced antibodies specific for S100A9 in serum in a dose-dependent manner. After the third immunization, the time to thrombus formation in MCA was significantly prolonged in the mice vaccinated with S100A9 compared to the non-immunized mice (23.3 ± 4.3 min vs 6.9 ± 0.8 min, p<0.01), but bleeding time was same in both groups. There was no significant difference in platelet count in both groups. The formation of platelet thrombus under ex vivo was significantly reduced in S100A9 vaccine group compared to control group (14.8 ± 0.7 x10 4 /μm 2 vs 17.8 ± 0.9 x10 4 /μm 2 , p<0.05). In the IgG subclass ELISA, the IgG1:IgG2b ratio was greater than 1.0 in the S100A9 vaccine group. In the ELISPOT assay using splenocytes isolated from S100A9 immunized mice, stimulation with S100A9 partial peptide did not induce the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in comparison with KLH. Conclusion: The S100A9 vaccine could successfully prevent thrombus formation in MCA without influence on hemostasis nor eliciting an autoimmune response. S100A9 vaccine might shed light on the development of safe antithrombotic vaccine in ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Kornkamon Hanchai ◽  
Tassanee Trairatapiwan ◽  
Rachakris Lertpatarakomol
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Wood vinegar is a product generated from the combustion and distillation of wood and other plant materials. It has been shown to suppress bacteria, resulting in healthier livestock and increased yields. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal health, and gut microbial of broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 Ross 308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The study consisted of three treatments containing four replicates, with 10 birds in each. Treatments were given 0.5% and 1.0% (V/V) wood vinegar supplemented in drinking water, while no supplementation was given to the control group. The animals were raised in an open-house system. All groups were provided with a commercial diet and drinking water ad libitum. Analysis of variance was conducted using the general linear model procedure to compare the levels of wood vinegar supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial. Results: No significant differences (p>0.05) were found for body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and water consumption between groups during the starter (1-21 days old), grower (22-35 days old), and whole (1-35 days old) growth periods. Moreover, no significant differences in villi height and crypt depth (p>0.05) at 21 and 35 days of age were found. In addition, no significant difference in terms of lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli was found between the different treatments. Conclusion: Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar was not found to have an effect on the growth performance and gut microbial of broiler chickens in the present study. However, the supplementation of wood vinegar in drinking water could improve intestinal morphology.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Ocimum Gratissimum Leaf Essential Oils as a Supplement to Extender on Chilled Canine Sperm Quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vui Van Nguyen ◽  
Samorn Ponchunchoovong ◽  
Sajeera Kupittayanant ◽  
Pakanit Kupittayanant
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Abstract Background:Oxidative stress during chilled storage is a major problem withcanine sperm. To improve the quality of chilled canine sperm during storage, many synthetic antioxidants have been examined, but different outcomes were investigated depending on antioxidant properties. The bioactive compounds of essential oils fromOcimum gratissimumleaves are known as a natural antioxidant source. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of essential oils from Ocimum gratissimumleavesas a supplement in extender on chilled canine sperm during 12 days of storage. Results:The results showed thatlow concentrations of Ocimum gratissimum essential oils (25, 50, and 100µg/mL) have beneficial effectson sperm quality, whereasOcimum gratissimumessential oils athigh levels (above 200µg/mL) have harmful effects. Specifically, the addition of 100µg/mL ofOcimum gratissimum essential oilsto the extender had the greatestbeneficial effect in improving the quality of chilled canine sperm, and had a significant difference in all sperm quality parameters except motility when compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions:Ocimum gratissimum essential oilshave an impact on chilled canine sperm quality in a dose-dependent manner, and the best results areachieved with a maximum dose ofOcimum gratissimum essential oils of 100µg/mL.

scholarly journals Effects of mushroom waster medium and stalk residues on the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Hsieh ◽  
W. C. Lin ◽  
W. Y. Chuang ◽  
M. H. Chen ◽  
S. C. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Components

Objective: The study developed mushroom stalk residues as feed additives in the broiler diet for improving the growth performance and immunity of broilers as well as to increase the value of mushroom stalk residues.Methods: In total, 300 ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated into fifteen pens with five dietary treatments: i) control, basal diet; ii) CMWM, supplemented with 1% <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> waster medium (CM); iii) CMPE, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% <i>Pleurotus eryngii</i> stalk residue (PE); iv) CMPS, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% <i>Pleurotus sajorcaju</i> stalk residue (PS); v) CMFV, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% <i>Fammulina velutipes</i> stalk residue (FV).Results: The chemical analysis results showed that CM extracts, PE extracts, PS extracts, and FV extracts contain functional components such as polysaccharides and phenols and have both 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate scavenging and Ferrous scavenging capacities. The group CMWM saw increased body weight gain and feed conversion rate and the promotion of jejunum villus growth, but there is no significant difference in the intestinal bacteria phase. Antioxidant genes in the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant responsive element pathway among the groups are significantly higher than that of the control group, especially in group CMWM.Conclusion: The mushroom stalk residues have antioxidant functional components, can improve the intestinal health and body weight gain of chickens, and can activate the antioxidant pathway of Nrf2 to increase the heme oxygenase-1 expression. The treatment with 1% CM was the most promising as a feed additive.

scholarly journals The Effects of Different Levels of Citric Acid on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Gastrointestinal pH of Weaned Piglets

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Wenying ◽  
Lu Chunlian ◽  
Li Shang ◽  
Song Jiachun ◽  
Cao Hongzhan
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Gastrointestinal Ph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of citric acid (CA) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal pH of weaned piglets. Methods: A total of 120 weaned piglets with an initial BW of 7.15±0.01 kg, were randomly divided into four groups including control treatment each with three replicates of 10 piglets each. Each group was supplemented with 0.5% (control group), 1%, 1.5% and 2% CA in the basal diet, respectively. Result: The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of added 1% CA group were significantly higher than that of 0.5% group (P less than 0.05). Dietary CA significantly improved the utilization rates of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus (P less than 0.05), while there was no significant difference between adding 1% and 1.5% CA (P greater than 0.05). Compared with the control group, adding CA effectively reduced the pH of the stomach, duodenum jejunum and ileum contents and adding 2% CA were significantly lower than those in other groups (P less than 0.05). Therefore, the addition of 1.0% CA in the diets of weaned piglets is suitable.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity analysis of Disarib, an inhibitor of BCL2

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivangi Sharma ◽  
Kontham Kulangara Varsha ◽  
Susmita Kumari ◽  
Vidya Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Anjana Elizabeth Jose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mouse Tumor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxicity Analysis

Abstract Small molecule inhibitors targeting BCL2 are explored as anticancer therapeutics. Previously, we have reported identification and characterization of a novel BCL2 inhibitor, Disarib. Disarib induced cancer cell death in a BCL2 dependent manner in different cancer cell lines and mouse tumor models when it was administered intraperitoneally. In the present study, using two syngeneic mouse models, breast adenocarcinoma (EAC) and Dalton’s lymphoma (DLA), we show that oral administration of Disarib resulted in significant tumor regression in a concentration dependent manner. Importantly, tumor developed in both female and male mice were equally sensitive to Disarib. Further, we have investigated the toxicity of Disarib in normal cells. Single dose toxicity analysis of Disarib in male and female mice after oral administration revealed no significant variations compared to control group for parameters such as body weight, food and water consumption and behavioural changes which were analysed for the entire period of study. Haematological and histopathological analyses also did not show any significant difference from the control groups. Thus, our results reveal safe use of Disarib as a small molecule inhibitor and provide the foundation for investigation of other preclinical studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Rumen Protected Methionine and α-Tocopherol on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Composition of Late Fattening Hanwoo Steer in High-Temperature Seasons

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2430
Author(s):  
Byung-Ki Park ◽  
Jun-Sang Ahn ◽  
Min-Ji Kim ◽  
Gi-Hwal Son ◽  
Sang-Hun Bong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Meat Composition ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rumen-protected methionine and α-tocopherol (RPMT) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition of late fattening Hanwoo steers in high-temperature seasons. Fourteen steers were randomly assigned to one of two diets; control (commercial concentrate) and treatment (commercial concentrate + 20 g of RPMT). Average daily gain was 34% higher in the treatment group than in the control group; however, there was no significant difference due to the small number under investigation. Feed conversion ratio was lower in the treatment group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Supplementation of RPMT had little effect on the fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle. Metmyoglobin in the longissimus muscle was significantly lower in treatment group compared to the control group at the ninth day of storage (p < 0.05). The redness of the longissimus muscle was higher in the treatment group than in the control group on day 9 of storage (p < 0.01). Thus, the results suggest that RPMT have positive effects on growth performance, and Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage color stability in the longissimus muscle of late fattening Hanwoo steers in high-temperature seasons.

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