scholarly journals Contribution of FcɛRI-associated vesicles to mast cell–macrophage communication following Francisella tularensis infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette R Rodriguez ◽  
Jieh-Juen Yu ◽  
Christopher Navara ◽  
James P Chambers ◽  
M Neal Guentzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

Understanding innate immune intercellular communication following microbial infection remains a key biological issue. Using live cell imaging, we demonstrate that mast cells actively extend cellular projections to sample the macrophage periphery during Francisella tularensis LVS infection. Mast cell MHCIIhi expression was elevated from less than 1% to 13% during LVS infection. Direct contact during co-culture with macrophages further increased mast cell MHCIIhi expression to approximately 87%. Confocal analyses of the cellular perimeter revealed mast cell caspase-1 was localized in close proximity with FcɛRI in uninfected mast cells, and repositioned to clustered regions upon LVS infection. Importantly, mast cell FcɛRI-encompassed vesicles are transferred to macrophages by trogocytosis, and macrophage caspase-1 expression is further up-regulated upon direct contact with mast cells. Our study reveals direct cellular interactions between innate cells that may impact the function of caspase-1, a known sensor of microbial danger and requirement for innate defense against many pathogenic microbes including F. tularensis.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanism of mast cell–mediated innate defense against endothelin and snake venom sarafotoxin

2007 ◽  
Vol 204 (11) ◽  
pp. 2629-2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars A. Schneider ◽  
Susan M. Schlenner ◽  
Thorsten B. Feyerabend ◽  
Markus Wunderlin ◽  
Hans-Reimer Rodewald
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Peptide Substrates ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Cell Enzyme ◽  
Peptide Family ◽  
Single Protease

Mast cells are protective against snake venom sarafotoxins that belong to the endothelin (ET) peptide family. The molecular mechanism underlying this recently recognized innate defense pathway is unknown, but secretory granule proteases have been invoked. To specifically disrupt a single protease function without affecting expression of other proteases, we have generated a mouse mutant selectively lacking mast cell carboxypeptidase A (Mc-cpa) activity. Using this mutant, we have now identified Mc-cpa as the essential protective mast cell enzyme. Mass spectrometry of peptide substrates after cleavage by normal or mutant mast cells showed that removal of a single amino acid, the C-terminal tryptophan, from ET and sarafotoxin by Mc-cpa is the principle molecular mechanism underlying this very rapid mast cell response. Mast cell proteases can also cleave ET and sarafotoxin internally, but such “nicking” is not protective because intramolecular disulfide bridges maintain peptide function. We conclude that mast cells attack ET and sarafotoxin exactly at the structure required for toxicity, and hence sarafotoxins could not “evade” Mc-cpa's substrate specificity without loss of toxicity.

scholarly journals Mast cell reaction to acupuncture on tongue

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
N. Pirovski ◽  
Y. Staykova-Pirovska ◽  
D. Atanasova ◽  
N. Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Acupuncture Point ◽  
Visualization Method ◽  
Cell Reaction ◽  
Acupuncture Needle ◽  
Needle Tract ◽  
Close Proximity

PURPOSE: The aim is to find out the mast cells (MCs) reaction in tongue after experimental acupuncture. METHODS: For experiments were carried 10 adults rats (28 months age). The needles used for the acupuncture is 0.22x13mm, and were placed for 10 minutes into standard acupuncture point Ex-HN-10 (Juquan) corresponding to that of humans. This point is located on the upper surface in the sagittal plane of the tongue and is close to the center of the tongue body. As normal consequence of every acupuncture is the forming of a needle tract and also here in the tissues of the rats tongue we could demonstrate this. This was done with a visualization method for the needle tract that we developed for tongue. The proximity of the needle tract was examined for MCs. Two stains were used for proper visualization: Toluidine blue and Bismarck brown staining. RESULTS: In close proximity of the needle tract we observed degranulation of MCs that was massive and few destroyed MCs in the needle tract itself. At a considerable distance from the MCs some discharged granules from them was found. CONCLUSIONS: There is a MCs reaction on the acupuncture of tongue that includes a degranulation of the MCs that was massive in proximity of the acupuncture needle tract. Some of the effects ot acupuncture could be due to the demonstrated MCs degranulation.

scholarly journals Increased number of mast cells in epicardial adipose tissue of cardiac surgery patients with coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 621-631
Author(s):  
K Rozsívalová ◽  
H Pierzynová ◽  
J Kratochvílová ◽  
M Lindner ◽  
M Lipš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Artery Disease

Chronic inflammation of adipose tissue is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Mast cells represent an important component of the innate defense system of the organism. In our work, we quantified mast cell number in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and right atrial myocardium (RA) in patients undergoing open heart surgery (n=57). Bioptic samples of EAT (n=44), SAT (n=42) and RA (n=17) were fixed by 4 % paraformaldehyde and embedded into paraffin. An anti-mast cell tryptase antibody was used for immunohistochemical detection and quantification of mast cells. We also demonstrated immunohistochemically the expression of CD117 and chymase markers. In EAT of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), higher incidence of mast cells has been found compared to patients without CAD (3.7±2.6 vs. 2.1±1.2 cells/mm(2)). In SAT and RA, there was no difference in the number of mast cells in CAD and non-CAD patients. Mast cells in SAT, EAT and RA expressed CD117 and chymase. An increased incidence of mast cells in EAT of CAD patients may indicate the specific role of these inflammatory cells in relation to EAT and coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Future Needs in Mast Cell Biology

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varricchi ◽  
de Paulis ◽  
Marone ◽  
Galli
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Human Myocardium ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Mouse Mast Cell ◽  
Paul Ehrlich

The pathophysiological roles of mast cells are still not fully understood, over 140 years since their description by Paul Ehrlich in 1878. Initial studies have attempted to identify distinct “subpopulations” of mast cells based on a relatively small number of biochemical characteristics. More recently, “subtypes” of mast cells have been described based on the analysis of transcriptomes of anatomically distinct mouse mast cell populations. Although mast cells can potently alter homeostasis, in certain circumstances, these cells can also contribute to the restoration of homeostasis. Both solid and hematologic tumors are associated with the accumulation of peritumoral and/or intratumoral mast cells, suggesting that these cells can help to promote and/or limit tumorigenesis. We suggest that at least two major subsets of mast cells, MC1 (meaning anti-tumorigenic) and MC2 (meaning pro-tumorigenic), and/or different mast cell mediators derived from otherwise similar cells, could play distinct or even opposite roles in tumorigenesis. Mast cells are also strategically located in the human myocardium, in atherosclerotic plaques, in close proximity to nerves and in the aortic valve. Recent studies have revealed evidence that cardiac mast cells can participate both in physiological and pathological processes in the heart. It seems likely that different subsets of mast cells, like those of cardiac macrophages, can exert distinct, even opposite, effects in different pathophysiological processes in the heart. In this chapter, we have commented on possible future needs of the ongoing efforts to identify the diverse functions of mast cells in health and disease.

scholarly journals Innate immunity against Francisella tularensis is dependent on the ASC/caspase-1 axis

2005 ◽  
Vol 202 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Mariathasan ◽  
David S. Weiss ◽  
Vishva M. Dixit ◽  
Denise M. Monack
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Host Cell Death ◽  
Host Defense Response ◽  
Deficient Mice

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious gram-negative coccobacillus that causes the zoonosis tularemia. This bacterial pathogen causes a plague-like disease in humans after exposure to as few as 10 cells. Many of the mechanisms by which the innate immune system fights Francisella are unknown. Here we show that wild-type Francisella, which reach the cytosol, but not Francisella mutants that remain localized to the vacuole, induced a host defense response in macrophages, which is dependent on caspase-1 and the death-fold containing adaptor protein ASC. Caspase-1 and ASC signaling resulted in host cell death and the release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. F. tularensis–infected caspase-1– and ASC-deficient mice showed markedly increased bacterial burdens and mortality as compared with wild-type mice, demonstrating a key role for caspase-1 and ASC in innate defense against infection by this pathogen.

Bacteria-Host Cell Interaction Mediated by Cellular Cholesterol/Glycolipid-Enriched Microdomains

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeoung-Sook Shin ◽  
Zhimin Gao ◽  
Soman N. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

Gram negative bacterial infection is a leading cause of fatality and is attributed, at least in part, to the bacteria's capacity to persist in the host in spite of appropriate antibiotic therapy. It has been suggested that bacteria evade antibiotics by hiding within host cells. We sought to investigate this important aspect of infections in mast cells, which are inflammatory cells found in close proximity to the host-environment interface and which have recently been reported to play a crucial role in the early innate immune response to bacteria. We examined mast cell interactions with FimH-expressing E. coli, one of the major opportunistic pathogens of humans. We determined that in serum free conditions, these bacteria were able to trigger mast cell uptake without loss of bacterial viability. CD48, a mannose containing GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-linked molecule was found to be the receptor of FimH-expressing E. coli in mouse mast cells. We found that the internalization via CD48 was blocked by filipin, a cholesterol binding drug known to disrupt cholesterol/glycolipid-enriched microdomains and the bacteria-encasing vacuoles were rich in cholesterol inside cells. Interestingly, we found that mast cells subsequently expelled majority of the intracellular bacteria in 24 hours. This expulsion process was blocked by lovastatin/cyclodextrin treatment, which is known to inhibit cellular trafficking of cholesterol/glycolipid-enriched microdomains. Thus, the bacterial entry into and expulsion from mast cells were critically dependent on cholesterol/glycolipid-enriched microdomains, which represents a novel mode of tussle between the pathogen and the mast cell occurring in opsonin deficient sites in the body or even at other sites in naive or immunocompromised hosts which have low systemic levels of E. coli specific antibody.

Cytochemical analysis of mast cell granules after poly-dl-lysine action

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
R. Courtoy ◽  
L.J. Simar ◽  
J. Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
Ferric Thiocyanate ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mast Cell Granule ◽  
Amine Liberation

Several chemical compounds induce amine liberation from mast cells but do not necessarily provoque the granule expulsion. For example, poly-dl-lysine induces modifications of the cellular membrane permeability which promotes ion exchange at the level of mast cell granules. Few of them are expulsed but the majority remains in the cytoplasm and appears less dense to the electrons. A cytochemical analysis has been performed to determine the composition of these granules after the polylysine action.We have previously reported that it was possible to demonstrate polyanions on epon thin sections using a cetylpyridinium ferric thiocyanate method. Organic bases are selectively stained with cobalt thiocyanate and the sulfhydryle groups are characterized with a silver methenamine reaction. These techniques permit to reveal the mast cell granule constituents, i.e. heparin, biogenic amines and basic proteins.

Magnesium and sulfur in mast cell and basophil granules of lower vertebrates in relation with histamine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1596-1597
Author(s):  
Kenichi Takaya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Mast cell and basophil granules of the vertebrate contain heparin or related sulfated proteoglycans. Histamine is also present in mammalian mast cells and basophils. However, no histamine is detected in mast cell granules of the amphibian or fish, while it is shown in those of reptiles and birds A quantitative x-ray microanalysis of mast cell granules of fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections of the tongue of Wistar rats and tree frogs disclosed high concentrations of sulfur in rat mast cell granules and those of sulfur and magnesium in the tree frog granules. Their concentrations in tree frog mast cell granules were closely correlated (r=0.94).Fresh frozen dried ultrathin sections and fresh air-dried prints of the tree frog tongue and spleen and young red-eared turtle (ca. 6 g) spleen and heart blood were examined by a quantitative energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis (X-650, Kevex-7000) for the element constituents of the granules of mast cells and basophils. The specimens were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (80-200 kV) and followed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) under an analytical electron microscope (X-650) at an acceleration voltage of 40 kV and a specimen current of 0.2 nA. A spot analysis was performed in a STEM mode for 100 s at a specimen current of 2 nA on the mast cell and basophil granules and other areas of the cells. Histamine was examined by the o-phthalaldehyde method.

Mast cell-nerve fiber interaction: Ultrastructural studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
E.Y. Chi ◽  
M.L. Su ◽  
Y.T. Tien ◽  
W.R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Granulocyte Infiltration ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection ◽  
Recent Attention

Recent attention has been directed to the interaction of the nerve and immune systems. The neuropeptide substance P, a tachykinnin which is a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems produces tissue swelling, augemntation of intersitial fibrin deposition and leukocyte infiltration after intracutaneous injection. There is a direct correlation reported between the extent of mast cell degranulation at the sites of injection and the tissue swelling or granulocyte infiltration. It has previously been demonstrated that antidromic electrical stimulation of sensory nerves induces degranulation of cutaneous mast cells, cutaneous vasodilation and augmented vascular permeability. Morphological studies have documented a close anatiomical association between mast cells and nonmyelinated nerves, that contain substance P and other neuropeptides. However, the presence of mast cells within nerve fasicles has not been previously examined ultrastructurally. In this study, we examined ultrastructurally the distribution of mast cells in the nerve fiber bundles located in the muscular connective tissue of rat tongues (n=20).

Ultrastructural evidence for mast cell-macrophage interrelationships in the dura mater of the rat: Infrequent mast cell-nerve associations

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
Ruth V.W. Dimlich
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Plasma Extravasation ◽  
Close Spatial Relationship ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Headache Pain ◽  
Relationship Of

Mast cells in the dura mater of the rat may play a role in cerebral pathologies including neurogenic inflammation (vasodilation; plasma extravasation) and headache pain . As has been suggested for other tissues, dural mast cells may exhibit a close spatial relationship to nerves. There has been no detailed ultrastructural description of mast cells in this tissue; therefore, the goals of this study were to provide this analysis and to determine the spatial relationship of mast cells to nerves and other components of the dura mater in the rat.Four adult anesthetized male Wistar rats (290-400 g) were fixed by perfusion through the heart with 2% glutaraldehyde and 2.8% paraformaldehyde in a potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 min. The head of each rat was removed and stored in fixative for a minimum of 24 h at which time the dural coverings were removed and dissected into samples that included the middle meningeal vasculature. Samples were routinely processed and flat embedded in LX 112. Thick (1 um) sections from a minimum of 3 blocks per rat were stained with toluidine blue (0.5% aqueous).

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