scholarly journals CHANGES IN ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS MUSCLE FIBER TYPES IN RAT INDUCED BY DIFFERENT EXERCISES

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. KOWALSKI ◽  
E. E. GORDON ◽  
A. MARTINEZ ◽  
J. ADAMEK
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Phosphorylase Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Whole Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Patterns

Mutability of enzyme activities (phosphorylase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase) of red and white fibers was studied in rat quadriceps subjected to normal physiologic chronic exercises. A rise in phosphorylase activity was found in weight lifting and to a greater extent in running rats when muscle was taken as a whole, but both exercises resulted in equal increments for succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxydase activities. Intraregional comparisons, however, revealed the greatest relative rise of succinic dehydrogenase activity in those fibers that were regarded as predominantly anaerobic in type. This effect was seen only with running and not with weight lifting. Statistically unproved but frequently observed after running in some of the preparations was a rise of phosphorylase activity in red fibers, although to a lesser degree than in white. Thus, in contrast to the dichotomy apparent in electrophysiologic events in nerve and its dependent muscle, metabolic demands may alter what is regarded normally as fixed fiber enzyme patterns. Whole muscle cannot be studied as a biochemical entity because of diverse regional responses to the same stimuli. Endurance exercise (running) and brief, forceful exercise (weight lifting) produced quantitatively different regional changes in succinic dehydrogenase and probably in phosphorylase activities.

Beta-adrenoceptor blockade and skeletal muscle energy metabolism during endurance exercise

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. van Baak ◽  
A. de Haan ◽  
W. H. Saris ◽  
E. van Kordelaar ◽  
H. Kuipers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Specific Muscle ◽  
Muscle Energy Metabolism ◽  
Whole Muscle

Twelve healthy male volunteers cycled to exhaustion at a workload corresponding to 70% of maximal aerobic power after administration of 80 mg of the beta 1+2-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol and after administration of placebo by mouth. Exercise times until exhaustion were 39 +/- 7 and 86 +/- 7 min in the propranolol and placebo groups, respectively. Muscle inosine 5′-monophosphate content was significantly increased above resting levels at exhaustion after placebo. At exhaustion after propranolol, inosine 5′-monophosphate was not increased significantly and was lower than at exhaustion after placebo. No changes in ATP and the total adenine nucleotide content during exercise were found in the two tests. Muscle glycogen content was significantly reduced at exhaustion after placebo as well as after propranolol, but the levels were still significantly higher at exhaustion after propranolol than after placebo. No evidence for a shift in glycogen utilization among types I, IIa, and IIb fibers after propranolol was found. The results show that neither an imbalance between ATP utilization and ATP regeneration nor premature glycogen depletion, either in the whole muscle or in specific muscle fiber types, provides a satisfactory explanation for the premature fatigue during endurance exercise after propranolol.

Metabolic variation among alpha-motoneurons innervating different muscle-fiber types. I. Oxidative enzyme activity

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Sickles ◽  
T. G. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Oxidative Enzyme ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Fast Twitch

We have examined the oxidative metabolism of rat alpha-motoneurons innervating muscles composed predominantly of one muscle-fiber type. Intramuscular injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the tensor fasciae latae (TFL) (approximately 94% fast-twitch glycolytic fibers, FG), tibialis anterior (TA) (approximately 66% fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic, FOG; 32% FG), and soleus (SOL) (approximately 84% slow-twitch oxidative, SO) muscles permitted identification of motoneurons innervating these muscles. gamma-Motoneurons (less than 25-micron average soma diameter) were eliminated from the sampling. The alpha-motoneurons innervating the TFL were considered as FG, those innervating the tibialis anterior as FOG, and those of the soleus as SO. Alternate 5-micron serial cryostat sections were processed for HRP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-diapharase (NADH-D) (oxidative enzyme) activities. Controls were included to assure reliability of reaction product quantitation. Motoneuron pools of each muscle were characterized by their shape and location within the ventral horn. Cells identified on HRP sections as innervating each of the muscles were located on sections processed for NADH-D activity. The optical density of motoneurons in sections processed for NADH-D activity was measured with a Zeiss Zonax MPM 03 microdensitometer. The mean relative NADH-D activities (optical density) of alpha-motoneurons innervating the TFL (FG), TA (FOG), and SOL(SO) muscles were 0.261, 0.305, and 0.447, respectively. Although some overlap in distribution of enzyme activities was observed, statistical analysis indicated significant differences between the NADH-D activities of each type of alpha-motoneuron. This is the first report of any metabolic difference in alpha-motoneurons belonging to different motor-unit types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals A Histochemical Study of Normal and Denervated Red and White Muscles of the Rat

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivianne T. Nachmias ◽  
Helen A. Padykula
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Whole Muscle ◽  
Red And White Muscles

The distribution and characterization of the fibers of normal and denervated red and white muscles of the albino rat are reported in this study. Histochemical procedures for succinic dehydrogenase, lipides, adenosinetriphosphatase, esterase, and glycogen were utilized to differentiate muscle fibers, and these methods facilitated the study of the distribution of fiber types within whole muscle. Muscle fibers of the granular type (dark or red fibers) can be clearly distinguished from those with clearer sarcoplasm (light or white fibers) by methods for demonstrating succinic dehydrogenase, lipides, and esterase. The method for adenosine-triphosphatase reveals differences only under the special conditions described in the text. Additional fiber types are described in the cat's diaphragm and in the extrinsic ocular muscles of the rat. Succinic dehydrogenase and adenosinetriphosphatase activities of the soleus and biceps femoris were studied 14 days after denervation of these muscles. The histochemical findings are discussed principally in the light of current biochemical knowledge of these enzymes.

scholarly journals Revisiting the peculiar regional distribution of muscle fiber types in rat Sternomastoid Muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ravara ◽  
Valerio Gobbo ◽  
Damiana Incendi ◽  
Andrea Porzionato ◽  
Veronica Macchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Types Of Muscle Fibers ◽  
Deep Region ◽  
Whole Muscle

The sternomastoid (SM) muscle in rodents is known to have a peculiar distribution of fiber types with a steep gradient from surface to deep region. We here further characterize this peculiar regional distribution by quantitative histochemical morphometrys. In Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E) stained transverse cryosections harvested in the medial portion of the muscle we counted around 10.000 myofibers with a mean diameter of 51.3±12.6 (μm). Cryisections of the SM stained by SDH reaction clearly show two distinct regions, toward the deep surface of the muscle a 40% area that contains packed SDH-positive myofibers, while the remaining area of the SM toward the external surface presents a more checker-board appearance. On the other hand, in the deep region of SM type 1 (slow contracting) muscle fibers, caracterized by positive acidic ATPase pH 4.35 reaction, are only the 24.5% of the fibers in the deep area of SM muscles, being restricted to the deepest region. The 75.5% of the myofibers in the deep region are of the fast contracting types (either 48.4% 2A, SDH –positive fibers or 27.1% 2B, SDH-negative fibers, respectively). As expected the 2B muscle fibers, acidic ATPase pH 4.3-negative and SDH-negative, present the largest size, while Type 1 fibers, acidic ATPase pH 4.3-positive and SDH-positive, present the smallest size in rat SM muscle. Based on present and previous observations, comparison of change in absolute number and/or percentage of the fiber types in any experimental model of muscle atrophy/hypertrophy/plasticity/pathology /recovery in the rat SM, and possibly of all mammals, will ask for morphometry of the whole muscle cross-sections, muscle sampling by bioptic approches will provide only comparable data on the size of the different types of muscle fibers.

scholarly journals Enhanced muscle fatigue occurs in male but not female ASIC3−/− mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. R1347-R1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A. Burnes ◽  
Sandra J. Kolker ◽  
Jessica F. Danielson ◽  
Roxanne Y. Walder ◽  
Kathleen A. Sluka
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions ◽  
Whole Muscle ◽  
Calf Muscles

Muscle fatigue is associated with a number of clinical diseases, including chronic pain conditions. Decreases in extracellular pH activates acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3), depolarizes muscle, protects against fatigue, and produces pain. We examined whether ASIC3−/− mice were more fatigable than ASIC3+/+ mice in a task-dependent manner. We developed two exercise protocols to measure exercise-induced muscle fatigue: ( fatigue task 1, three 1-h runs; fatigue task 2, three 30-min runs). In fatigue task 1, male ASIC3+/+ mice muscle showed less fatigue than male ASIC3−/− mice and female ASIC3+/+ mice. No differences in fatigue were observed in fatigue task 2. We then tested whether the development of muscle fatigue was dependent on sex and modulated by testosterone. Female ASIC3+/+ mice that were ovariectomized and administered testosterone developed less muscle fatigue than female ASIC3+/+ mice and behaved similarly to male ASIC3+/+ mice. However, testosterone was unable to rescue the muscle fatigue responses in ovariectomized ASIC3−/− mice. Plasma levels of testosterone from male ASIC3−/− mice were significantly lower than in male ASIC3+/+ mice and were similar to female ASIC3+/+ mice. Muscle fiber types, measured by counting ATPase-stained whole muscle sections, were similar in calf muscles from male and female ASIC3+/+ mice. These data suggest that both ASIC3 and testosterone are necessary to protect against muscle fatigue in a task-dependent manner. Also, differences in expression of ASIC3 and the development of exercise-induced fatigue could explain the female predominance in clinical syndromes of pain that include muscle fatigue.

Physiological, morphological, and histochemical properties of cat external anal sphincter

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. G772-G778 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krier ◽  
T. Adams ◽  
R. A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Motor Axons ◽  
Fast Twitch Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Stimulation Of

The contractile properties, morphology, and the distribution of striated muscle fiber types of the external and sphincter (EAS) were determined using axial force measurements, fiber size cross-sectional area measurements, and histochemistry. Electrical stimulation of motor axons in pudendal nerve at supramaximal intensities (10 V, 0.05 ms duration) elicited twitch contractions of EAS. The time to peak force after a single pulse ranged from 37 to 42 ms. The time for relaxation to half-maximal twitch force ranged from 20 to 29 ms. Repetitive stimulation of motor axons (0.1-3.0 Hz) produced potentiation and fatigue of single twitch contractile force, suggesting that the EAS of the cat is comprised predominantly of fast-twitch muscle fibers. Confirmation of skeletal muscle fiber types was determined by histochemistry. Frozen serial cross sections of EAS were incubated to demonstrate succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and myosin adenosine triphosphatase after alkaline preincubation (pH 10.4). Based on these reactions, muscle fibers were classified as fast glycolytic (FG) (high ATPase, low SDH), fast oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) (high ATPase, high SDH), and slow oxidative (SO) (low ATPase, high SDH). The mean percentage +/- SE of each histochemical type was the following: FG, 73.5 +/- 3.9; FOG, 22.8 +/- 3.7; and SO, 3.7 +/- 0.6. These results indicate that the predominant fiber type for the EAS is FG. The EAS of the cat is considered a nominally fast-twitch muscle.

Histochemical Characteristics of Muscle Fiber Types in the Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie T. Malmgren ◽  
Richard R. Gacek
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Muscle Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Partial Denervation ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid

The muscle fiber type composition of the human posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) was examined using a large battery of histochemical techniques. Staining for myosin ATPase (pH 9.9) indicated that the muscles were composed of 52% ± 11.8 SD type 1 (slowly contracting) fibers and 48% ± 11.9 SD type 2 (rapidly contracting) fibers. In order to obtain information concerning the probable fatigue resistance of the type 2 fibers, serial sections were processed to determine the relative extent of ATPase inactivation at various pH levels in the acid range and to obtain data concerning the relative activities of oxidative and glycolytic enzymes and their substrates. The great majority of the type 2 fibers were of the 2A (fatigue resistant) fiber type. This indication of a capacity for prolonged activity was substantiated by the presence of high activities of succinic dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial enzyme which is involved in oxidative metabolism. Type 2C fibers (generally considered to be an undifferentiated fiber type) were also present but relatively rare. The overall enzyme profiles of many of the muscle fibers in the human PCA differed from those typical of fibers having the same alkaline ATPase and acid ATPase characteristics in most other mammalian muscles. Since muscle fiber biochemistry reflects the activity pattern of the motor unit, these unusual enzyme profiles may be the result of activity patterns that are associated with the inspiratory cycle and/or patterns of activity that are relatively specific to the PCA. Four of the ten muscles examined had unequivocal evidence of muscle fiber type grouping, a manifestation of partial denervation followed by reinnervation. This is interesting since most of the cases were in the fifth decade. Muscle fiber type grouping has been shown to occur selectively in certain other human muscles and to increase with age, eventually resulting in muscle atrophy. This suggests the possibility that the human PCA is for some reason selectively vulnerable to partial denervation and indicates the need for more extensive data concerning the relationship of muscle fiber type grouping in the PCA and other laryngeal muscles to age.

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