scholarly journals LOCALIZATION OF β-GALACTOSIDASES AND ACID PHOSPHATASE IN THE SMALL INTESTINAL WALL COMPARISON OF ADULT AND SUCKLING RAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTER NORDSTRÖM ◽  
OTAKAR KOLDOVSKÝ ◽  
ARNE DAHLQVIST
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Flat Distribution

By horizontal sectioning of fresh frozen pieces of rat intestinal wall different parts of the villi and crypts were isolated. The sections were collected in groups, homogenized and used for enzyme analyses. Single sections for histologic examination were taken before and after each collection. A quantitative comparison of the distribution of the two intestinal β-galactosidases, EC 3.2.1.23 (neutral and acid β-galactosidase), and the acid phosphatase, EC 3.1.3.2, in jejunum and ileum of adult and suckling (12 days old) rats was performed. The neutral β-galactosidase, which corresponds to the enzyme usually called lactase, was always present along the villi with the highest activities in the apical halves of the villi. This distribution profile is typical for digestion enzymes. The acid β-galactosidase, which is chiefly a heterogalactosidase, and acid phosphatase were found to have a rather flat distribution profile with about the same activities along the villi and in the crypts. The only exception was the ileum of suckling rat, in which especially the acid β-galactosidase showed higher activity in the villi and decreased toward the crypts. The results support the concept that the neutral β-galactosidase is responsible for the digestion of dietary lactose, while the acid β-galactosidase seems to have a different functional significance. That this enzyme is distributed in parallel with the acid phosphatase is consistent with the suggestion that the acid β-galactosidase may be a lysosomal enzyme.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ENZYMES IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE VILLI AND CRYPTS OF RAT SMALL INTESTINE COMPARISON OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE, DISACCHARIDASES AND DIPEPTIDASES

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTER NORDSTRÖM ◽  
ARNE DAHLQVIST ◽  
LARS JOSEFSSON
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Dipeptidase Activities ◽  
Different Parts

By horizontal sectioning of a fresh frozen piece of rat intestinal wall different parts of the villi and the crypts were isolated. Every third serial section was taken for histologic examination and the intermediate sections were combined in pairs, homogenized and used for enzyme analysis. A quantitative comparison of the distribution of alkaline phosphatase, EC 3.1.3.1, disaccharidase, EC 3.2.1 (maltase, invertase, isomaltase, trehalase, lactase and cellobiase), and dipeptidase, EC 3.4.3 (L-alanyl-L-proline dipeptidase, L-alanyl-L-glutamic acid dipeptidase and glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase), activities was performed. All of the enzymes were present in the villi and absent from the crypts. The disaccharidase and dipeptidase activities showed a rather similar distribution. The highest activities were found in the apical halves of the villi. The alkaline phosphatase activity was more distinctly located in the tips of the villi.

scholarly journals Comparative effect of orally administered sodium butyrate before or after weaning on growth and several indices of gastrointestinal biology of piglets

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Le Gall ◽  
Mélanie Gallois ◽  
Bernard Sève ◽  
Isabelle Louveau ◽  
Jens J. Holst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Small Intestinal

Sodium butyrate (SB) provided orally favours body growth and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in milk-fed pigs. In weaned pigs, conflicting results have been obtained. Therefore, we hypothesised that the effects of SB (3 g/kg DM intake) depend on the period (before v. after weaning) of its oral administration. From the age of 5 d, thirty-two pigs, blocked in quadruplicates within litters, were assigned to one of four treatments: no SB (control), SB before (for 24 d), or after (for 11–12 d) weaning and SB before and after weaning (for 35–36 d). Growth performance, feed intake and various end-point indices of GIT anatomy and physiology were investigated at slaughter. The pigs supplemented with SB before weaning grew faster after weaning than the controls (P < 0·05). The feed intake was higher in pigs supplemented with SB before or after weaning (P < 0·05). SB provided before weaning improved post-weaning faecal digestibility (P < 0·05) while SB after weaning decreased ileal and faecal digestibilities (P < 0·05). Gastric digesta retention was higher when SB was provided before weaning (P < 0·05). Post-weaning administration of SB decreased the activity of three pancreatic enzymes and five intestinal enzymes (P < 0·05). IL-18 gene expression tended to be lower in the mid-jejunum in SB-supplemented pigs. The small-intestinal mucosa was thinner and jejunal villous height lower in all SB groups (P < 0·05). In conclusion, the pre-weaning SB supplementation was the most efficient to stimulate body growth and feed intake after weaning, by reducing gastric emptying and intestinal mucosa weight and by increasing feed digestibility.

Cold-induced thermogenesis in younger and older Fischer 344 rats following exercise training

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. R908-R916 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McDonald ◽  
B. A. Horwitz ◽  
J. S. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
F344 Rats ◽  
Maintain Body Temperature ◽  
Brown Fat Mitochondria

The inability of old rats to maintain body temperature during cold exposure has been well documented. This study evaluated the effect of exercise on the rates of cold-induced O2 consumption and the contribution of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) to these rates. Younger (12 mo) and older (24 mo) male Fischer 344 (F344) rats were divided into exercised and sedentary groups. Exercised rats were run on a motor-driven treadmill 60 min/day, at 19-24 m/min, 5 days/wk for 6 mo. At the conclusion of the 6-mo training period, O2 consumption of all four groups was measured at thermoneutrality (26 degrees C) and during 6 h of exposure to 6 degrees C. Rectal temperatures were recorded before and after cold exposure. NST was estimated from the ability of isolated brown fat mitochondria to bind guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP). Core temperature of older sedentary rats fell 5.1 +/- 0.4 degrees C after cold exposure (36.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 31.2 +/- 0.8 degrees C). Exercise training in older animals prevented this fall from occurring (36.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 35.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C). Core temperatures of cold-exposed younger exercised and sedentary rats did not differ from thermoneutral values. Exercise did not alter the rates of resting body mass-independent (ml.min-1.kg body mass-0.67) O2 consumption in younger or older rats. However, body mass-independent and lean body mass (LBM)-independent (ml.min-1.g LBM-0.67) cold-induced O2 consumptions of older exercised rats were significantly elevated relative to those of older sedentary animals. This effect of exercise was not seen in younger rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Milena Bakrac ◽  
Branka Bonaci-Nikolic ◽  
Natasa Colovic ◽  
Sanja Simic-Ogrizovic ◽  
Miodrag Krstic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Mesenterial Lymph Node

Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATCL) is a high grade, pleomorphic peripheral T-cell lymphoma with usually cytotoxic phenotype. This is a case report of three patients with EATCL. The first patient was 50 year-old woman with four year history of gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE). Diagnosis of lymphoma was confirmed after the resection of the jejunum (small intestine obstruction). Pathohistological (PAS, Reticulin, Giemsa) and immunohistochemical (anti-LCA, anti-CD20, anti- CD45RO, anti-CD3) methods revealed the diagnosis of EATCL: CD45RO+, CD3+. After the third cycle of chemotherapy, the disease progressed with massive lung infiltration. Patient died due to complications of bone marrow aplasia. The second patient was 23 year-old woman with long earlier history of GSE. She presented with the acute renal failure. According to established diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis, she was treated with pulse doses of steroid therapy. After temporary improvement, she had dissemination of the disease. On MRI, small intestinal wall was thickened, and abdominal lymph nodes were enlarged with extraluminal compression of common bile duct. Laparotomy with mesenterial lymph node biopsy and consecutive pathohistological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed the diagnosis of EATCL. The patient received chemotherapy, but she died with signs of pulmonary embolization. The third patient was 53 year-old woman without previous history of GSE. Diagnosis of EATCL was revealed after the resection of jejunum because of small intestinal obstruction. She received two cycles of chemotherapy, but she died with signs of disease progression. IgA antiendomysial antibodies were detected in the serum of all patients. The overall survival of patients was 7 months. The possibility of lymphoma rising in patients with clinical progression of GSE despite gluten free diet must be kept in mind.

Total Ionizing Dose Effects on CMOS Image Sensors with Deep-Trench Isolation

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 453-456
Author(s):  
Nayera Ahmed ◽  
Guo Neng Lu ◽  
François Roy
Keyword(s):  
Image Sensor ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Total Ionizing Dose ◽  
Deep Trench ◽  
Cmos Image Sensors ◽  
Trench Isolation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Ionizing Dose Effects ◽  
Different Parts

We have investigated Total Ionizing Dose (TID) effects on a 1.4μm-pitch, Deep-Trench Isolation (DTI) CMOS image sensor for its use in radiation environment. Our investigation includes characterization and TCAD simulations (with parametric modeling) of the image sensor before and after irradiation with 60Co gamma rays source for TID from 3 to 100 Krad. We have obtained agreements between measured results and simulated ones on degradations of the characteristics Quantum Efficiency (QE) and dark current (Idark). The agreements validate our modeling and simulation approach to evaluating these characteristics. It has been shown that TID causes evolution of interface states of different parts of the pixel, which are responsible for QE and Idark degradations. TID effects on different parts of the pixel can be identified and quantified.

Feasibility of a Collaborative, Prospective Interdisciplinary Review and Pharmacy-Based Dispensing Process for Prothrombin Complex Concentrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stratton ◽  
Philip Grgurich ◽  
Kurt Heim ◽  
Sandra Mackey ◽  
Joseph D. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Reversal Agent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Warfarin Reversal ◽  
Practice Methods

Background: Therapeutic options for rapid reversal of vitamin K antagonist therapy include 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC4) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). These agents have unique requirements for preparation, potential adverse effects, and cost-effectiveness considerations. Objective: To retrospectively assess whether our process for collaborative prospective review and pharmacy preparation facilitates timely and safe warfarin reversal with PCC4 as compared with FFP and to compare effectiveness and safety of the agents in practice. Methods: We performed a retrospective, single-center, before and after cohort study of patients requiring warfarin reversal for life-threatening bleeding or urgent invasive procedures over an 18-month period. The primary end point was time from ordering of reversal agent to administration. Secondary end points measured time to therapeutic effect and rates of adverse events. Results: Of 98 patients studied, 72 received FFP, and 26 received PCC4. The median times from ordering to administration of FFP and PCC4 were 69 and 44 minutes, respectively ( P = 0.015). Median time from ordering to end of infusion was significantly shorter for PCC4 compared with FFP (54 vs 151 minutes, respectively; P < 0.0001). In all, 72% of PCC4 patients and 28% of FFP patients achieved the goal international normalized ratio (INR) of ≤1.4 at the first INR check ( P < 0.0001). Adverse reactions occurred in 4% of patients in each group. Conclusion: In routine clinical practice incorporating collaborative prospective review and dispensing from the institution’s pharmacy, PCC4 was associated with faster administration, a higher rate of INR correction, and similar rates of adverse events compared with FFP.

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