scholarly journals HYPERTROPHY OF LIVER CELL SMOOTH SURFACED RETICULUM FOLLOWING PROGESTERONE ADMINISTRATION

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 561-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN B. EMANS ◽  
ALBERT L. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Hepatic Cell ◽  
Striking Increase ◽  
Microsomal Hydroxylases ◽  
Endogenous Compound ◽  
Liver Structure ◽  
Male Golden Hamsters

Progesterone given daily for several days to male golden hamsters was shown to promote an increase in liver weight and a striking increase in hepatic smooth endoplasmic reticulum. This increase in smooth reticulum observed by electron microscopy was confirmed biochemically through microsomal phospholipid measurements. The alterations in liver structure brought about by administration of progesterone are comparable to those induced by phenobarbital. Hypertrophy of the smooth reticulum is seen in the form of a delicate system of interwoven tubules which freely anastomose and often are seen in confluence with the lamellar profiles of rough reticulum. Progesterone-induced hypertrophy of the hepatic smooth endoplasmic reticulum demonstrates that this organelle is responsive to an endogenous compound normally present in the circulation, and suggests that stimulation by steroids may be responsible in part for the maintenance of microsomal hydroxylases and smooth reticulum in the normal hepatic cell.

Morphological and biochemical analyses of changes in rat hepatocytes related to wine and ethanol consumption

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
S.M. Geyer ◽  
C.L. Mendenhall ◽  
J.T. Hung ◽  
E.L. Cardell ◽  
R.L. Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Malic Enzyme Activity ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Thirty-three mature male Holtzman rats were randomly placed in 3 treatment groups: Controls (C); Ethanolics (E); and Wine drinkers (W). The animals were fed synthetic diets (Lieber type) with ethanol or wine substituted isocalorically for carbohydrates in the diet of E and W groups, respectively. W received a volume of wine which provided the same gram quantity of alcohol consumed by E. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation after 6 weeks and the livers processed for quantitative triglycerides (T3), proteins, malic enzyme activity (MEA), light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Morphometric analysis of randomly selected LM and EM micrographs was performed to determine organellar changes in centrilobular (CV) and periportal (PV) regions of the liver. This analysis (Table 1) showed that hepatocytes from E were larger than those in C and W groups. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum decreased in E and increased in W compared to C values.

Induction of cytochrome P-450 in a selective subpopulation of hepatocytes

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. C102-C109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Gumucio ◽  
L. J. DeMason ◽  
D. L. Miller ◽  
S. O. Krezoski ◽  
M. Keener
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Inductive Effect ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Continuous Density ◽  
Liver Cytochrome ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
In Cells

The objective of this study was to determine whether the inductive effect of phenobarbital (PB) on liver cytochrome P-450 was the result of the action of this drug on all or some hepatocytes. For this purpose, a light (cell band I) and a heavy (cell band II) subpopulation of hepatocytes were separated from rat liver in a continuous density gradient. To determine the location of these hepatocytes in tissue, [14C]bromobenzene, which binds covalently to centrilobular hepatocytes, was administered. The specific activity (14C dpm/mg protein) was greater in cells of band I than in cells of band II, suggesting a predominant contribution of centrilobular hepatocytes to the lighter cell band. Microsomes were separated from each cell subpopulation after 3 days of PB administration and cytochrome P-450 was measured. Although a fivefold increment in cytochrome P-450 content of light hepatocytes was noted, the content of heavy hepatocytes was similar to that of the respective subpopulation in controls. Concomitantly, PB administered for 3 days induced the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of centrilobular hepatocytes only, as revealed by electron microscopy of whole tissue. These results indicated that PB induces cytochrome P-450 in a selective subpopulation of hepatocytes, most likely located near the terminal hepatic venule.

Massive liver enlargement accompanied by decreased drug metabolism. Effect of anterior pituitary extract on hepatic ultrastructure, zoxazolamine paralysis, and metabolism in the rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Szabo ◽  
B. D. Garg ◽  
P. Kourounakis ◽  
B. Tuchweber
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Liver Enlargement

The relationship between liver enlargement and drug metabolism was investigated in female rats. Hepatomegaly (e.g., 31% increase in liver weight in a 17-day experiment) was induced by injection of lyophylized anterior pituitary (LAP) extract The liver enlargement seemed to be due to an increase in the number and the size (enhanced water content and PAS-positive material) of hepatocytes. Electron microscopic examination of the liver revealed slight proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and pronounced fragmentation and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Zoxazolamine paralysis time was significantly prolonged (+55% and +102%) after 4 and 17 days, respectively, of treatment with LAP. Metabolism of zoxazolamine by the 9000 g supernatant fraction of the liver of rats given LAP for 17 days was reduced by 73%. Thus, the marked hepatomegaly induced by LAP was associated with a prolonged action of the drug which may result from a decrease in hepatic drug metabolism.

Hepatic Subcellular Compartmentation of Cytoplasmic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Determined by Immunogold Electron Microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Kuixiong Gao ◽  
Emma Lou Cardell ◽  
Randal E. Morris ◽  
Bruce F. Giffin ◽  
Robert R. Cardell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽  
Immunogold Staining ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Gold Particles

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is the rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzyme and in liver occurs in a lobular gradient from periportal to pericentral regions. The subcellular distribution of cytoplasmic PEPCK molecules within hepatocytes and its relationship to organelles have not been determined previously. In this study, we have used immunogold electron microscopy to evaluate the subcellar distribution of the enzyme, in addition to brightfield and epipolarized light microscopy. Cryosections (10 μm) of perfusion-fixed rat liver were collected on silanated slides and immunostained using goat anti-rat PEPCK followed by 5-nm gold-labeled secondary and tertiary antibodies. Additionally, free-floating vibratome sections (25, 50, and 100 μm) of perfusion-immersion-fixed rat liver were immunogold stained using goat anti-rat PEPCK and 5-nm gold-labeled secondary antibody, with and without silver enhancement. The immunogold labeled sections from both procedures were embedded in epoxy resin for the preparation of thin sections for electron microscopy. The results showed that the gold-labeled antibodies penetrated the entire thickness of cryosections, resulting in a high signal for PEPCK, but membranes in general, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in particular, were not identifiable as electron dense unit membranes. On the other hand, the vibratome sections of well-fixed tissue allowed good visualization of the ultrastructure of cellular organelles, with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum appearing as vesicles and tubules with electron dense unit membranes; however, the penetration of the gold-labeled antibody was limited to cells at the surface of the vibratome sections. In both procedures, PEPCK, as indicated by gold particles, is predominantly in the glycogen areas of the cytosome and not in mitochondria, nuclei, Golgi apparatus, or other cell organelles. Hepatocytes in periportal regions have a compact subcellular distribution of PEPCK shown by gold particles; hepatocytes in pericentral regions have a diffuse subcellular distribution of PEPCK and thus more scattered gold particles. When normal serum replaced the first antibody in the immunogold staining procedures, the background was very low.

scholarly journals Retention of membrane proteins by the endoplasmic reticulum.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1724-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Brands ◽  
M D Snider ◽  
Y Hino ◽  
S S Park ◽  
H V Gelboin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Membrane Glycoprotein ◽  
Glucosidase Ii ◽  
Er Membrane

We have used a monoclonal antibody specific for a hydrocarbon-induced cytochrome P450 to localize, by electron microscopy, the epitope-specific cytochrome P450. The cytochrome was found in the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the nuclear envelope of hepatocytes. Significant quantities of cytochrome P450 were not found in Golgi stacks. We also could not find any evidence of Golgi-associated processing of the Asn-linked oligosaccharide chains of two well-characterized ER membrane glycoprotein enzymes (glucosidase II and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), or of the oligosaccharides attached to the bulk of the glycoproteins of the ER membrane. We conclude that these ER membrane proteins are efficiently retained during a process of highly selective export from this organelle.

scholarly journals FINE STRUCTURE OBSERVATIONS OF THE UPTAKE OF INTRAVENOUSLY INJECTED PEROXIDASE BY THE RAT CHOROID PLEXUS

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORWIN H. BECKER ◽  
ALEX B. NOVIKOFF ◽  
H. M. ZIMMERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles ◽  
Membrane Bound

The uptake by the choroid plexus of adult rats of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase has been investigated by electron microscopy. Within 4 min, the injected protein passes the capillary and is rapidly distributed through extracellular space and choroidal cells. Peroxidase enters the choroidal cells within coated vesicles which act as pinocytotic vesicles. At 15 min, peroxidase activity is present in numerous membrane-bound vesicles, multivesicular bodies, dense bodies and what appear to be segments of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. None of the peroxidase-containing organelles is seen to empty to the ventricular surface. Egress of the extracellular peroxidase into the cerebrospinal fluid is apparently blocked by apical zonulae occludentes between the choroidal cells.

scholarly journals STRATIFICATION AND SUBSEQUENT BEHAVIOR OF PLANT CELL ORGANELLES

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Benjamin Bouck
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Large Unit ◽  
Original Length ◽  
Subsequent Behavior

Living excised roots of pea were centrifuged at 20,000 g for 24 hours, and the behavior of organelles was followed by electron microscopy at various intervals after centrifugation. With these forces, organelles are not perceptibly or irreversibly damaged, nor is the viability of the whole root destroyed. Organelles stratify generally in the order of lipid (centripetal pole), vacuoles, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes, proplastids (without starch), mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, proplastids with starch. The nucleus distends from the vacuolar region to the extreme centrifugal pole of the cell, while the chromatin and nucleolus seek the centrifugal pole of the nucleus. During the redistribution of organelles the rough endoplasmic reticulum is among the first to reorient, and possible explanations for this are discussed. Mitochondria can be stretched elastically many times their original length, but proplastids seem fairly rigid. Small vacuoles, forced together during centrifugation, apparently may fuse to form a large unit. Lipid droplets, on the other hand, tend to remain separate. Dictyosomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum layer in the same region of the centrifuged cell, indicating a density similarity between these two organelles.

Intestinal Absorptive Epithelium in Wolman's Cholesterol Lipidosis

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
John C. Partin ◽  
Tullio R. Mereu ◽  
William K. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Golgi System ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Uniform Droplets ◽  
Electron Lucent

Wolman's cholesterol lipidosis is a rare genetic disorder of lipid metabolism in which large amounts of chemically normal cholesterol and triglyceride are accumulated in tissues, particularly liver, spleen, skin, adrenal and intestine. Affected infants develop vomiting, diarrhea, wasting and enlargement of the liver and spleen during the first weeks of life. Characteristic enlargement and calcification of the adrenal glands are present by x-ray. Most of the children die in early infancy.This is the first report of electron microscopy (EM) of small intestinal absorptive epithelium in Wolman's disease. Mucosa was obtained by peroral biopsy from a 6 month old affected infant. The tissue was divided and prepared for lipid staining in frozen sections and for electron microscopy. Lipid stains demonstrated large amounts of lipid in the absorptive but not the crypt epithelium. Serial sections were made of the osmium fixed villi through the absorptive epithelium. Remarkable EM changes were present in the lysosomes, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi system: Lysosomal vacuoles below the terminal web contained large amounts of dense material as well as electron “lucent” crystal-like images, possibly cholesterol or its esters. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum was prominent and contained many osmiphilic droplets. In the ectoplasm near the plasma membrane great cylindrical whorls of crinkled membrane seemed to arise in association with smooth endoplasmic reticulum, frequently wound around a mitochondrion. In the Golgi system, peripheral vesicles were distended with uniform droplets about. μ in diameter resembling chylomicrons.

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND CYTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON B-16 AND HARDING-PASSEY MOUSE MELANOMAS THE ORIGIN OF PREMELANOSOMES AND COMPOUND MELANOSOMES

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEX B. NOVIKOFF ◽  
ARLINE ALBALA ◽  
LUIS BIEMPICA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Aryl Sulfatase ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Inosine Diphosphatase

The B-16 and Harding-Passey mouse melanomas were studied by light microscopy (tyrosinase, acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase and inosine diphosphatase activities) and electron microscopy (morphology and tyrosinase and acid phosphatase activities). Lysosomal enzyme activity is present in individual premelanosomes and melanosomes as well as in compound melanosomes. Acid phosphatase and tyrosinase activities are present in a Golgi-associated system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (GERL) and small vesicles related to it. The acid phosphatase and tyrosinase activities of premelanosomes, and morphologic appearances, support the hypothesis that the granules arise from GERL. On the basis of the evidence presented, it is suggested that compound melanosomes arise within melanoma cells by autophagy.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON MICROPEROXISOMES IV. INTERRELATIONS OF MICROPEROXISOMES, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND LIPOFUSCIN GRANULES

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1010-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEX B. NOVIKOFF ◽  
PHYLLIS M. NOVIKOFF ◽  
NELSON QUINTANA ◽  
CLEVELAND DAVIS
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Human Hepatocytes ◽  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Lipofuscin Granules

Previous light microscopic studies have shown that the lipofuscin granules of human hepatocytes oxidize 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB). This DAB reactivity has been examined by electron microscopy. Incubation in an alkaline DAB medium demonstrates that the acid phosphatase-rich areas, containing ferritin-like grains, are DAB-positive. Close spatial relations of the lipofuscin granules with smooth endoplasmic reticulum and with microperoxisomes are demonstrated. These interrelations probably have functional significance for lipid storage in the lipofuscin granules. The relations also form the basis for speculations regarding microautophagy and the accumulation of ferritin and other cytosol constituents within the lipofuscin granules.

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