scholarly journals ALTERATIONS OF HEPATIC ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM IN PORPHYRIC RATS

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZOLTAN POSALAKI ◽  
TIBOR BARKA
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Microscopic

The alterations of hepatic microsomal fractions were studied in fasting rats given porphyrogenic doses of allylisopropylacetamide. A single dose of allylisopropylacetamide caused significant enlargement of the liver within 14 hr and in 24 hr the liver was about 49% heavier. Microsomal phospholipids of liver more than doubled in 48 hr after the administration of allylisopropylacetamide. This increase was accounted for principally by an increase in phospholipids of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Incorporation of 32P indi cated that the increase in microsomal phospholipids was caused mainly by a reduction of the rate of catabolism rather than by an augmentation of the rate of synthesis. Electron microscopic observations in agreement with the fractionation studies revealed a hypertrophy of the smooth membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Hepatic Ultrastructure Changes Induced by Lithocholic Acid

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 162-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Microscopic Studies

Addition of lithocholic acid (LCA), a naturally occurring bile acid in mammals, to a low protein diet fed to rats induced marked inflammatory reaction in the hepatic cells followed by hydropic degeneration and ductular cell proliferation. These changes were accompanied by dilatation and hyperplasia of the common bile duct and formation of “gallstones”. All these changes were reversible when LCA was withdrawn from the low protein diet except for the hardened gallstones which persisted.Electron microscopic studies revealed marked alterations in the hepatic cells. Early changes included disorganization, fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and detachment of its ribosomes. Free ribosomes, either singly or arranged in small clusters were frequently seen in most of the hepatic cells. Vesiculation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was often encountered as early as one week after the administration of LCA (Fig. 1).

scholarly journals STUDIES ON MICROPEROXISOMES II. A CYTOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1006-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEX B. NOVIKOFF ◽  
PHYLLIS M. NOVIKOFF ◽  
CLEVELAND DAVIS ◽  
NELSON QUINTANA
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Pig Kidney

A modification of the Novikoff-Goldfischer alkaline 3,3'-diaminobenzidine medium for visualizing peroxisomes is described. It makes possible light microscopic as well as electron microscopic studies of a recently described class of peroxisomes, the microperoxisomes. Potassium cyanide (5 x 10–3 M) is included in the medium to inhibit mitochondrial staining, the pH is 9.7 and there is a high concentration of H2O2 (0.05%). Two cell types have been chosen to illustrate the advantages of the new procedure for demonstrating the microperoxisomes: the absorptive cells in the human jejunum and the distal tubule cells in the guinea pig kidney. Suggestive relations of microperoxisomes and lipid are described in the human jejunum. The microperoxisomes are strategically located between smooth endoplasmic reticulum that radiates toward the organelles and contains lipid droplets and "central domains" of highly specialized endoplasmic reticulum which do not show the lipid droplets. The microperoxisomes are also present at the periphery of large lipid-like drops. In the guinea pig kidney tubule there is a striking difference between the thick limb of Henle and distal tubule. The distal tubule has a population of cells with large numbers of microperoxisomes readily visible by light microscopy; these cells are not present in the thick limb of Henle. Other differences between the two are also described.

Liver Ultrastructural Pathology in Cocaine Users

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
H.J. Finol ◽  
D.D. Mondragón ◽  
Y.M. González ◽  
C. Paradisi ◽  
N. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ultrastructural Pathology ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Cocaine Users

Although liver function tests could be abnormal in humans taking cocaine the histopathological basis for this disorder has not been well established. Light microscopic studies have shown the existence of peripheral, centrilobular or diffuse necrosis. The only electron microscopic investigation we could find reports hepatocyte alterations including dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, hypertrophy of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and existence of phagolysosomes. In this work we report the liver ultrastructural pathology in chronic cocaine users.Liver biopsies were obtained in five male patients, 25-44 years old. These patients had consumed cocaine and other drugs (marihuana, alcohol, amphetamines, etc..) for 7-30 years. All of them had altered liver function tests. Tissue samples were processed with routine techniques for transmission electron microscopy and observed in a Hitachi H-500 electron microscope.Abnormalities observed included those previously reported as swollen rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, presence of autophagic vacuoles and lipid deposition.

Massive liver enlargement accompanied by decreased drug metabolism. Effect of anterior pituitary extract on hepatic ultrastructure, zoxazolamine paralysis, and metabolism in the rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Szabo ◽  
B. D. Garg ◽  
P. Kourounakis ◽  
B. Tuchweber
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Liver Enlargement

The relationship between liver enlargement and drug metabolism was investigated in female rats. Hepatomegaly (e.g., 31% increase in liver weight in a 17-day experiment) was induced by injection of lyophylized anterior pituitary (LAP) extract The liver enlargement seemed to be due to an increase in the number and the size (enhanced water content and PAS-positive material) of hepatocytes. Electron microscopic examination of the liver revealed slight proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and pronounced fragmentation and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Zoxazolamine paralysis time was significantly prolonged (+55% and +102%) after 4 and 17 days, respectively, of treatment with LAP. Metabolism of zoxazolamine by the 9000 g supernatant fraction of the liver of rats given LAP for 17 days was reduced by 73%. Thus, the marked hepatomegaly induced by LAP was associated with a prolonged action of the drug which may result from a decrease in hepatic drug metabolism.

scholarly journals Control of the acute phase response. Demonstration of C-reactive protein synthesis and secretion by hepatocytes during acute inflammation in the rabbit.

1978 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kushner ◽  
G Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Microscopic Studies

To determine the cell of origin of C-reactive protein (CRP) and to cast light on the mechanisms leading to the acute phase response, we used an immunoenzymatic technique to visualize this protein in livers from rabbits at intervals after intramuscular injection of turpentine. CRP was detected only in hepatocytes. 8 h after turpentine injection, CRP was demonstrated in occasional periportal hepatocytes. With time, larger numbers of positive cells were detected successively in perilobular, midlobular, and centrilobular areas. On electron microscopy, CRP was detected in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), and Golgi apparatus (GA). When colchicine was administered to inhibit cellular secretion of CRP, intensity of reaction and number of CRP-containing hepatocytes were substantially greater than without colchicine, but the sequence of intralobular distribution was similar. At peak serum response 38 h after turpentine injection, CRP could be demonstrated in most hepatocytes. Electron microscopic studies showed accumulation of CRP on membranes and lumina of RER, SER, GA, and in cytoplasmic vacuoles. These findings indicate that CRP is produced by progressively increasing numbers of hepatocytes after inflammatory stimulus and suggest that a mediator, acting initially in portal zones, is responsible for recruitment of cells to CRP production.

scholarly journals LYSOSOMES AND GERL IN NORMAL AND CHROMATOLYTIC NEURONS OF THE RAT GANGLION NODOSUM

1967 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Holtzman ◽  
Alex B. Novikoff ◽  
Humberto Villaverde
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Ganglion Nodosum ◽  
Autophagic Vacuoles ◽  
Inosine Diphosphatase ◽  
Nissl Substance ◽  
Membranous Material

The rat ganglion nodosum was used to study chromatolysis following axon section. After fixation by aldehyde perfusion, frozen sections were incubated for enzyme activities used as markers for cytoplasmic organelles as follows: acid phosphatase for lysosomes and GERL (a Golgi-related region of smooth endoplasmic reticulum from which lysosomes appear to develop) (31–33); inosine diphosphatase for endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus; thiamine pyrophosphatase for Golgi apparatus; acetycholinesterase for Nissl substance (endoplasmic reticulum); NADH-tetra-Nitro BT reductase for mitochondria. All but the mitochondrial enzyme were studied by electron microscopy as well as light microscopy. In chromatolytic perikarya there occur disruption of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the center of the cell and segregation of the remainder to the cell periphery. Golgi apparatus, GERL, mitochondria and lysosomes accumulate in the central region of the cell. GERL is prominent in both normal and operated perikarya. Electron microscopic images suggest that its smooth endoplasmic reticulum produces a variety of lysosomes in several ways: (a) coated vesicles that separate from the reticulum; (b) dense bodies that arise from focal areas dilated with granular or membranous material; (c) "multivesicular bodies" in which vesicles and other material are sequestered; (d) autophagic vacuoles containing endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes, presumably derived from the Nissl material, and mitochondria. The number of autophagic vacuoles increases following operation.

A quantitative morphological study of the pineal organ in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Pineal Organ ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Supportive Cells

Stereological techniques applied to a light and electron microscopic study of the pineal organ of the goldfish indicated that photoreceptor and supportive cells were comparable in their number and cell volume and that approximately 500 nerve cells were present in the pineal end vesicle. There were approximately 310 nerve fibers descending the distal part of the pineal tract. Quantitative analysis of organelles in photoreceptor cells revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies, in the vicinity of which were situated both clear and dense-cored vesicles, formed a substantial part of the cytoplasmic volume. Other new observations reported for this species include a close association between mitochondria and parts of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a characteristic feature of photoreceptor cells, and the presence of subsurface cisternae formed from profiles of endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, specialized contacts were found between both photoreceptor and supportive cells. Some of these ultrastructural features are similar to those reported in the secretory pinealocytes of mammals. These findings suggest that (1) the pineal organ in this species has a high degree of photosensitivity as evidenced by the large number of photoreceptor cells related to each nerve cell, and (2) photoreceptor cells are metabolically active possibly having functions other than photoreception.

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LIVER CELLS IN WOMEN UNDER STEROID THERAPY

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amador González-Angulo ◽  
Ramón Aznar-Ramos ◽  
Héctor Márquez-Monter ◽  
Guillermo Bierzwinsky ◽  
Jorge Martínez-Manautou
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Hydatidiform Mole ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Liver Biopsies

ABSTRACT An electron microscopic study of liver biopsies of women under steroid therapy was carried out. Liver biopsies taken with a Menghini needle from five healthy young women during their last trimester of pregnancy revealed elongation, gigantism and lamellar osmiophilic matrical inclusions in approximately 10% of the population of mitochondria per cell examined. Liver biopsies taken from six women with hydatidiform mole and from one women with choriocarcinoma revealed mild focal dilatation and vesiculation of both the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrial modifications were present and included gigantism, pleomorphism and also lamellar osmiophilic inclusions in 10 to 20% of the cases. In one case of hydatidiform mole this change was present in more than 60% of mitochondria examined. The findings are not interpreted as pathological but rather as an exaggeration of a physiological change brought about by an increased metabolic demand during pregnancy or else to a more direct effect of steroid hormones on liver cell organelles.

CULTURED ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS IN VARIOUS STATES OF DIFFERENTIATION: ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. SLAVINSKI-TURLEY ◽  
N. AUERSPERG
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Lipid Inclusions

The ultrastructure and response to ACTH of subcultured rat adrenocortical cells in two morphological and functional states are described. Fibroblastic cortical cells, which produce low levels of corticosterone, resembled myoid cells from the adrenal capsule: they formed fibrous extracellular matrix and basement membranes and contained dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), cytofilaments resembling those of smooth muscle and lamellar mitochondrial cristae. Stimulation with ACTH for 3 days increased steroid production from 0·01 to 0·56 μg 106 cells−1 24 h−1, increased the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and greatly reduced the amounts of RER, cytofilaments, basement membranes and extracellular matrix, but did not change the mitochondrial structure. Different culture conditions produced epithelial cells which secreted high levels of corticosterone, lacked extracellular matrix, basement membranes and cytofilament accumulations but contained large lipid inclusions, SER and many mitochondria with lamellar or tubulolamellar cristae and electron-dense mitochondrial matrix bodies. Stimulation with ACTH for 3 days caused an increase in steroid production from 2·3 to 30·4 μg 106 cells−1 24 h−1, an increase in the number of Golgi complexes and the amount of SER as well as a reduction in the number of mitochondrial matrix bodies and lipid inclusions. However, no ultrastructural change occurred in the mitochondrial cristae. In both forms of cell, ACTH induced a transient increase in gap junctions. These and previous results suggest that subcultured adrenocortical cells in the fibroblastic form represent stem cells, possibly originating from the capsule, whose level of differentiation can be increased by ACTH as well as by specific culture conditions.

Incidence of non-specific esterase during cleavage of rat ovum

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
Pavel Trávník
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
E 600

For the study of non-specific esterase on electron microscopic level the method with incubation medium described by Hanker et al. (1972) and modified by Trávník (1977) was used. The object of the study was the 1-,2-,4-,8-cell rat ovum, early and late blastocyst. To differentiate organophosphate sensitive and organophosphate resistant esterases, inhibition by means of diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (E 600) was used in the concentration of 10μ mol/1. As substrates thionaphthylacetate (TNA) at pH 7 and thioacetoxybenzanilide (TAB) at pH 5.6 were used.Distinct activity of organophosphate sensitive esterase has been proved in aggregations of vesicles and tubules of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Fig. 1). In the course of cleavage the total organophosphate sensitive activity is reduced together with the decrease in the amount of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In our opinion the aggregations of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum represent the site of reserve of hydrolytic enzymes synthetized during oogenesis, as a similar trend has been observed also in acid and alkaline phosphatases (astná 1977, 1978).

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