Modeling Operational Criteria for Evaluating Speech Communication

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (17) ◽  
pp. 1135-1139
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Whitaker ◽  
Leslie J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Degraded Speech ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
The Impact

Thesis: Evaluation of systems can be conducted best under controlled circumstances which approximate operational conditions. In the present paper, we have examined this thesis as it applies to the test and evaluation of multi-person systems. Our specific focus has been the development of a conceptual model of speech communication requirements and the study of the impact of degraded speech intelligibility on performance of these multi-person systems. To obtain the control necessary to evaluate performance using speech intelligibility, an electronic circuit was developed and employed in a series of simulated tests of operational tasks. The application of these research findings to the task of system test and evaluation is described in the present paper.

Effects of Speech Intelligibility, Morphological Confusions, and Redundancy on Task Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Whitaker ◽  
Mike McCloskey ◽  
Leslie J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Degraded Speech ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Communication Equipment

Speech is a vital means of communication for completing many tasks. The speech intelligibility needed for successful communication may be degraded by ambient noise levels, poor communication equipment, or hearing impairments. The present research tested the impact of speech message content on task performance under conditions of degraded speech intelligibility. Sixteen subjects participated in a laboratory experiment using on a board game. Message redundancy, morphological confusions, and speech intelligibility were varied. Task performance and subjective workload were measured. Morphological confusions adversely affected performance (both speed and accuracy) and subjective workload (SWAT) to an increasingly greater extent as speech intelligibility decreased. High redundancy improved the accuracy of performance and subjective workload when speech intelligibility decreased; however, high redundant messages were longer and required more time to process than low redundant messages. These results extend earlier work which measured the impact of morphological confusions and redundancy on speech intelligibility itself to the measurement of their impact on performance. Implications for the development of message content guidelines and their impact on performance are discussed.

Communication between Crews: The Effects of Speech Intelligibility on Team Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Whitaker ◽  
Starr L. Fox ◽  
Leslie J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Communication Structure ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
Transmission Factors ◽  
The Impact

Speech is a critical method of communication among group members while they are trying to accomplish a task. The present research program is designed to determine the impact of speech communication on performing a variety of communication-intensive tasks. A model describing performance as a function of auditory workload has guided this research. This model states that transmission, linguistic, and individual factors each contribute to auditory workload and hence influence task performance. The current study focused on two transmission factors: speech intelligibility and communication structure. Previous work in this program has reported the performance of two- or three-person crews operating alone to accomplish various tasks. The present study examined the team performance of two crews operating interactively to accomplish more complex tasks. Speech intelligibility was varied from 100% to 25% and was measured using the Modified Rhymes Test. Twelve crews were tested at the Closed Combat Test Bed using M1A2 tank simulators. The results of this study are consistent with those predicted by the auditory workload model; decrements in task performance occur at higher levels of intelligibility for more complex tasks than for less complex tasks. In addition to the task performance measured in this study, verbal protocols taken from recorded transcripts were coded as evidence of the changes in communication structure when speech intelligibility is varied. The implications of these findings for communication using cellular telephones and radio communication are discussed.

Measuring Human Performance as a Function of Speech Communication Using the Close Combat Test Bed (CCTB) Facility

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Whitaker ◽  
Leslie J. Peters ◽  
Jennifer Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Present Program ◽  
Communication Structure ◽  
Auditory Performance ◽  
Transmission Factors ◽  
The Impact

Auditory communication is critical for the successful completion of many tasks which require information be transmitted among crew members. The purpose of the present program of research is to determine the impact that speech communication has on performance of such tasks. As guidance for this program, a model of auditory communication has been developed. This model describes performance as a function of three factors: transmission, linguistic, and individual. The model assumes that variables affecting these three factors alter the level of auditory workload and task performance is a consequence of this workload (Peters, 1991). The present paper describes the effects of two transmission factors: speech intelligibility and communication structure. Speech intelligibility was measured using the Modified Rhymes Test. Communication structure was defined as command, interrogative, and discussion levels. Three studies have been completed in this research program. The focus of the present paper is the most recent study, completed at the Ft. Knox Close Combat Test Bed, an M1A1 tank simulator facility. After describing the results of this study, the results of all three studies are reviewed and found to be consistent with the auditory-performance model proposed by the authors.

Listener Proficiency and Shared Background Effects on the Accentedness, Comprehensibility and Intelligibility of Four Varieties of English

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jette G. Hansen Edwards ◽  
Mary L. Zampini ◽  
Caitlin Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
English Language Proficiency ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of Hong Kong listeners’ English language proficiency on the intelligibility and perceived accentedness and comprehensibility of speakers of English from Hong Kong, China, Singapore and the United States. The study had two main aims: (1) to examine how proficiency impacts listeners’ perceptions of how accented and comprehensible different varieties of English are and how this differs from speech intelligibility; (2) to examine whether listeners benefited from a shared background effect differently by proficiency level. The research findings have pedagogical implications as they can improve understanding of which proficiency levels may benefit most from instruction and how a shared background may mitigate proficiency effects. They also help researchers understand the extent to which listeners’ own English proficiency impacts their evaluations of the speech characteristics of other speakers of English, an area of research that is still relatively unexplored.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Orientasi Pasar Dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kinerja UMKM Di Jakarta Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Harry Darwis ◽  
Louis Utama
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of market orientation (MO) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on business performance among small retailers. In particular, the goal is to understand and determine to what extent MO and EO influence firm performance directly, and to what extent MO and EO are connected to performance. The developed conceptual model is tested using partial least square (PLS) using a sample of 30 small retailers. The result of the PLS model shows that both MO and EO act as a basis for improved business performance among small retailers. Based on the research findings, it can be argued that both MO and EO fully unlock their value-creating potential among small retail firms. This study has provided new insights regarding the impact of MO and EO on business performance in the context of small retail firms. In particular, the study has contributed to the literature by demonstrating the routes through which MO and EO impact on performance. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk menyelidiki dampak orientasi pasar (MO) dan orientasi kewirausahaan (EO) pada kinerja bisnis di antara pengecer kecil. Secara khusus, tujuannya adalah untuk memahami dan menentukan sejauh mana MO dan EO mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan secara langsung, dan sejauh mana MO dan EO terhubung dengan kinerja. Model konseptual yang dikembangkan diuji menggunakan partial least square (PLS) menggunakan sampel 30 pengecer kecil. Hasil model PLS menunjukkan bahwa baik MO dan EO bertindak sebagai dasar untuk meningkatkan kinerja bisnis di antara pengecer kecil. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, dapat dikatakan bahwa MO dan EO sepenuhnya membuka kunci potensi penciptaan nilai mereka di antara perusahaan ritel kecil. Studi ini telah memberikan wawasan baru mengenai dampak MO dan EO pada kinerja bisnis dalam konteks perusahaan ritel kecil. Secara khusus, penelitian ini telah berkontribusi pada literatur dengan menunjukkan rute melalui mana MO dan EO berdampak pada kinerja.

Translating Principles of Speech Science to Clinical Practice: Current and Future Trends in Craniofacial Disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Speech Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opinion Article

Abstract The purpose of this opinion article is to review the impact of the principles and technology of speech science on clinical practice in the area of craniofacial disorders. Current practice relative to (a) speech aerodynamic assessment, (b) computer-assisted single-word speech intelligibility testing, and (c) behavioral management of hypernasal resonance are reviewed. Future directions and/or refinement of each area are also identified. It is suggested that both challenging and rewarding times are in store for clinical researchers in craniofacial disorders.

Analisis Pengaruh Penerimaan Pajak Daerah Dan Retribusi Daerah Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten/Kota Di Jawa Tengah

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Beta Asteria
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Fiscal Balance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Local Government Budget ◽  
The Impact

This research deals with the impact of Local Tax and Retribution Receipt to Local Government Original Receipt of Regency/City in Central Java from 2008 to 2012. This research utilizes the data of actual of local government budget from Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (Direktorat Jendral Perimbangan Keuangan). Methods of collecting data through census. The number of Regency/City in Central Java are 35. But the data consists of 33 of Regency/City In Central Java from 2008 to 2012. Total of samples are 165. Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency were not included as samples of this research because they didn’t report the data of actual of local government budget to Directorate General of Fiscal Balance in 2009.The model used in this research is multiple regressions. The independent variables are Local Tax and Retribution Receipt, the dependent variable is Local Government Original Receipt. The research findings show that Local Tax and Retribution give the significant impact partially and simultaneusly on Local Government Original Receipt at real level 5 percent. All independent variables explain 91,90 percent of the revenue variability while the rest 8,10 percent is explained by other variables.Keywords: Local Tax, Retribution, and Local Government Original Receipt

Materialism and Green Purchase Intention: A Study of Urban Vietnamese Consumers

2017 ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Nguyen Thi Tuyet ◽  
Hung Nguyen Vu ◽  
Linh Nguyen Hoang ◽  
Minh Nguyen Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tpb Model ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

This study focuses on examining the impact of three components of materialism on green purchase intention for urban consumers in Vietnam, an emerging economy. An extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is applied as the conceptual framework for this study. The hypotheses are empirically tested using survey data obtained from consumers in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. The regression results show support for most of our hypotheses. The findings indicate that two out of three facets of materialism are significant predictors of green purchase intention. Specifically, success is found to be negatively related to purchase intention, while happiness is related positively to the intention. All three antecedents in the TPB model, including attitude towards green purchase, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control are also found to have positive impacts on purchase intention. The research findings are discussed and implications for managers and policy makers are provided.

The Impact of Internal Work Environment on the Retention of Healthcare Providers at Turaif General Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183-1199
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alrouili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Internal Work ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This study attempted to identify the impact of internal work environment on the retention of healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In particular, the study aimed to identify the dimensions of work circumstances, compensation, and relationship with colleagues, professional growth, and the level of healthcare providers’ retention. In order to achieve the study goals, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study population comprised all the healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital. Questionnaires were distributed to the entire study sample that consisted of 220 individuals. The number of questionnaires valid for study was 183 questionnaires. The research findings were as follows: the participants’ estimate of the work circumstances dimension was high (3.64), the participants’ estimate of the compensation dimension was moderate (3.32), the participants’ estimate of the relationship with colleagues dimension was high (3.62), the participants’ estimate of the professional growth dimension was weak (2.39), and the participants’ estimate of healthcare providers’ retention level was intermediate (2.75). Accordingly, the researcher’s major recommendations are: the need to create the right atmosphere for personnel in hospitals, the interest of the hospital to provide the appropriate conditions for the staff in terms of the physical and moral aspects for building the work adjustment in the staff, and conducting training courses and educational lectures for personnel in hospitals on how to cope with the work pressures.

IC & OI The impact of intellectual capital on organizational innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1257-1265
Author(s):  
Fouad El-Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Dominant Dimension ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Intellectual capital can generate value for organizations and improve organizational innovation. This study aims to investigate the effects of intellectual capital on corporate innovation. Mixed research methodology approach has been used by combining both qualitative and quantitative analysis to explore and empirical examine the research model. The targeted population of interest is the licensed pharmaceutical manufactures, 90 organizations in the Egyptian pharmaceutical industry throughout its three main sectors (11 public, 70 local private and 9 MNCs). Statistical analyses are employed based on the questionnaires gathered from 39 pharmaceutical manufactures’ companies (44% response rate). In addition, sixty-three “63” in depth interviews have been conducted with both top and middle managers. The research findings indicate that all dimensions of intellectual capital (human, structural, and relational capital) have positive significant effects on organizational innovation of pharmaceutical manufactures’ companies. The study clarifies that the most dominant dimension is structural capital, which provides the largest and strongest support to pharmaceutical manufactures’ companies. The deep realization of the importance intellectual capital and its impact on innovation helps leaders to adopt accurate system to run organizational innovation in a better way, which lead to sustainable competitive advantage for organizations.

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