scholarly journals Educationalisation of youth unemployment through lifelong learning policies in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-543
Author(s):  
Oscar Valiente ◽  
Queralt Capsada-Munsech ◽  
Jan Peter G de Otero
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Learning Policies ◽  
The Individual

In the aftermath of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, European authorities reinforced the economic objectives of European lifelong learning policy, promoting employability solutions to address youth unemployment, and increasing their political influence on the implementation of national lifelong learning reforms. This article investigates to what extent these supranational policy orientations have been translated into concrete national lifelong learning initiatives. Although European countries were not equally affected in terms of time and intensity by the rise in youth unemployment rates, the political responses from their governments shared a central focus on employability solutions to youth unemployment in lifelong learning policy reforms. Our comparative analysis shows how different lifelong learning policy initiatives managed to ‘educationalise’ a structural economic problem (i.e. youth unemployment) into an individual educational concern (i.e. lack of education and skills). We argue that the ‘educationalisation’ of youth unemployment through lifelong learning policies is a crisis management strategy, which has allowed governments to focus on the individual symptoms of the problem while avoiding offering solutions to the underlying structural causes of young people’s poor labour market prospects.

scholarly journals Those who are in the gutter look at the stars? Explaining perceptions of labour market opportunities among European young adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Reeskens ◽  
Wim van Oorschot
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008, youth unemployment has risen worldwide. In cross-national perspective, research on youth employment has thus far paid attention to the transition from school to work, but underemphasized the importance of the social psychology of labour market entrance. In this article, European young adults’ perceptions of the first-job opportunities in their country are analysed. The result of a multilevel regression analysis on the 2008 wave of the European Social Survey (ESS) shows that differences across countries can mainly be explained by the public’s perceptions of levels of unemployment, and public spending on education. At the individual level, youth in a precarious socioeconomic situation have a rather pessimistic view on these opportunities. Moreover, women perceive the opportunities as less positive than men while young people of foreign origin have, contrary to the expectations, a more positive outlook on the chances for young people.

scholarly journals Lifelong Learning Policies for Young Adults in Europe

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Collection ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Approach Orientation ◽  
Learning Policies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

This comprehensive collection discusses topical issues essential to both scholarship and policy making in the realm of Lifelong Learning policies and how far they succeed in supporting young people across their life courses, rather than one-sidedly fostering human capital for the economy. Examining specific regional and local contexts across Europe, all various in context, this book uses original research to evaluate differences in scope, approach, orientation, and objectives. It enquires into the embedding of LLL policies into the regional economy, the labour market, education and training systems and the individual life projects of young people, with focus on those in situations of near social exclusion.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of lifelong learning policies on youth employment: do regional labour markets matter?

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
Queralt Capsada-Munsech ◽  
Oscar Valiente
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
School Based ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Learning Policies ◽  
And Training

In a context of high youth unemployment rates, the employability agenda has dominated the design of European lifelong learning (LLL) policies. While the assumption of this agenda is that the causes of youth unemployment are individual and of an educational nature, our study explores to what extent regional labour market situations affect the effectiveness of these LLL policies on vulnerable young adults. Based on interviews with key regional actors and the review of relevant grey literature at the national and regional level, we identify apprenticeships (i.e. work-based training) and employability training courses (i.e. school-based learning) as the main lifelong learning policies used in five European countries to promote youth employment. The comparative analysis shows how differences in education and training provision can be explained by the different configuration of national skill formation regimes. However, the effectiveness of these provision measures on youth employment is largely affected by how the economic context is shaping the demand for skills in these regional labour markets.

scholarly journals How robust is the association between youth unemployment and later mental health? An analysis of longitudinal data from English schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107473
Author(s):  
Liam Wright ◽  
Jenny A Head ◽  
Stephen Jivraj
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Regression Adjustment

BackgroundSeveral studies show that youth unemployment is associated with worse mental health later in life. However, existing studies report results for only one model, or a few models, and use regression adjustment to support causal claims. We use two novel methods to address these gaps in the literature.MethodsWe use data from Next Steps, a cohort study of English schoolchildren who entered the labour market in the aftermath of the 2008–2009 global financial crisis, and measure mental health using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) at age 25. We use specification curve analysis and a negative control outcome design (a form of placebo test) to test whether associations between youth unemployment and later GHQ-12 scores are sensitive to model specification or are likely to be confounded by unobserved factors.ResultsWe find that the association between unemployment and later GHQ-12 is qualitatively similar across 99.96% of the 120 000 models we run. Statistically significant associations with two placebo outcomes, height and patience, are not present when regression adjustments are made.ConclusionsThere is clear evidence that youth unemployment is related to later mental health, and some evidence that this cannot be easily explained by unobserved confounding.

scholarly journals Violence in the workplace: awareness and prevention

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hinson ◽  
Margaret Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Violent Event ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Occupational Violence ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Violence In The Workplace ◽  
Policy Direction ◽  
The Individual

Occupational violence is of growing interest to both individuals and organisations in the health field.Not surprisingly, staff who work directly on the front line are more vulnerable to episodes of physical violence from the general public. However, violence manifests in a number of ways,and any person in the workplace can experience it at anytime. Occupational violence should be viewed as an event to be identified, understood and managed, with a consequent need to identify types of violence in order to provide policy direction and preventive strategies to enhance workplace safety. Violence cannot be totally prevented but the risk of violence and its negative impacts on the individual can be reduced with carefully considered planning and swift action following a violent event. This paper reports various types of violence, the magnitude of the problem and who is at risk. Policy initiatives are suggested and methods of prevention discussed.

scholarly journals Kontanthjælpsmodtagerens kritiske register

2015 ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Mathias Herup Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Protest ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Protests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Domestic Form ◽  
Shed Light

This article investigates different acts of political protests currently floating from unemployed citizens who are being affected by recent retrenchment policy reforms. Whereas most of the existing literature tends to portray political protest as either collective and public or individual and private, this article attempts instead to shed light on the plurality of normative resources activated by the unemployed in a highly critical situation. Thereby the analysis moves between the collective and the individual as well as between the public and the private. Using the theoretical framework developed by Laurent Thévenot and Luc Boltanski in their joint work on justification, the article analyses a specific case, namely unemployed Danish recipients of social assistance who are affected by a new policy initiative meaning that their income has been lowered. Drawing on newspaper articles and qualitative in-depth interviews with affected citizens, the analysis unfolds and theorizes upon three very different forms of protesting: a civic, an industrial and a domestic form of resistance.

scholarly journals Review of Valentina Milenkova and Siika Kovacheva’s book „ Regional Insights to Lifelong Learning Policies in Support of Young Adults in Bulgaria“

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-261
Author(s):  
Vladislava Lendzova
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Functional Region ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Learning Policies ◽  
The University

Valentina Milenkova and Siika Kovacheva's book "Regional Insights to Lifelong Learning Policies in Support of Young Adults in Bulgaria" (Регионални измерения на политиките за учене през целия живот в подкрепа на младите възрастни в България) has been published in English by Avangard Prima in Sofia in this 2020 - ISBN 978-619-239-316-8. This book presents the increased role of education in the modern European societies. An important milestone in the LLL polices in the book are research projects. Such is the project "YOUNG_ADULLLT - 'Policies Supporting Young Adults in their Life Course. A Comparative Perspective of Lifelong Learning and Inclusion in Education and Work in Europe" with Coordinator: Prof. Dr. Marcelo Parreira do Amaral from the University of Munster, funded under the Horizon 2020 program. One of the important features of the project is its commitment to the functional region – a specific amalgam of functional relations between diverse institutions in a particular area (Parreira do Amaral, 2019). The functional region as a key concept was used in the project to indicate specifics in terms of living conditions, education, institutions that form the skills of young people. The structure of the book is: an introduction, five chapters, a conclusion and annexes. The main focus is on the policies and practices of diverse educational institutions and understanding of the link policy- practice as а decisive factor for modern education.

Are lifelong learning policies working for youth?

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Siyka Kovacheva ◽  
Judith Jacovkis ◽  
Sonia Startari ◽  
Anna Siri
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Learning Policies
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