scholarly journals DEMONSTRATION OF CATECHOLAMINES IN ADRENERGIC NERVE FIBERS BY FIXATION IN AQUEOUS FOR MALDEHYDE SOLUTION AND FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 690-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLAVI ERÄNKÖ ◽  
LUSA RÄSÄNEN
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve

Adrenergic Nerve Fibers in the Human Fetal Sciatic Nerve

1991 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koistinaho
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve

Degeneration and Regrowth of Adrenergic Nerve Fibers in the Rat Peripheral Tissues after 6-Hydroxydopamine

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Champlain
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Endogenous Noradrenaline ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

Histofluorescent and biochemical changes in the adrenergic nervous system were followed up in rat tissues after one single intravenous injection of a high dose of 100 mg/kg of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA). This treatment results in the rapid disappearance of terminal and preterminal fibers in the iris, atria, and small arteries of rats, whereas endogenous noradrenaline pools of the heart are 95% depleted. The capacity of the adrenergic nerve to take up and accumulate tritiated noradrenaline is reduced proportionally to the reduction in endogenous noradrenaline levels. These changes are compatible with the concept of a complete sympathectomy induced by the specific toxic action of 6-OH-DA on the adrenergic fibers. This sympathectomy is not permanent, however, and numerous bundles of preterminal fibers start to grow in the iris and atria within 4 to 5 days following injection. Progressively, in the following weeks, these fibers distribute over the whole organ and give birth to terminal fibers which form a new adrenergic plexus in these tissues. A completely normal innervation is restored 2 to 3 months after administration of 6-OH-DA. The endogenous noradrenaline levels rise progressively in parallel to the development of the new plexus of fibers. Since a complete regeneration of the adrenergic innervation can be demonstrated in the weeks following injection of 6-OH-DA, it appears that this compound can selectively destroy the adrenergic terminal and preterminal fibers without causing a degeneration of the adrenergic ganglion cells.

scholarly journals Galanin is localized in sympathetic neurons of the dog liver

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (6) ◽  
pp. E1194-E1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Mundinger ◽  
C. Bruce Verchere ◽  
Denis G. Baskin ◽  
Michael R. Boyle ◽  
Stephan Kowalyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve Terminals ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Hepatic Nerves ◽  
Dog Liver

Stimulation of canine hepatic nerves releases the neuropeptide galanin from the liver; therefore, galanin may be a sympathetic neurotransmitter in the dog liver. To test this hypothesis, we used immunocytochemistry to determine if galanin is localized in hepatic sympathetic nerves and we used hepatic sympathetic denervation to verify such localization. Liver sections from dogs were immunostained for both galanin and the sympathetic enzyme marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Galanin-like immunoreactivity (GALIR) was colocalized with TH in many axons of nerve trunks as well as individual nerve fibers located both in the stroma of hepatic blood vessels and in the liver parenchyma. Neither galanin- nor TH-positive cell bodies were observed. Intraportal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) infusion, a treatment that selectively destroys hepatic adrenergic nerve terminals, abolished the GALIR staining in parenchymal neurons but only moderately diminished the GALIR staining in the nerve fibers around blood vessels. To confirm that 6-OHDA pretreatment proportionally depleted galanin and norepinephrine in the liver, we measured both the liver content and the hepatic nerve-stimulated spillover of galanin and norepinephrine from the liver. Pretreatment with 6-OHDA reduced the content and spillover of both galanin and norepinephrine by >90%. Together, these results indicate that galanin in dog liver is primarily colocalized with norepinephrine in sympathetic nerves and may therefore function as a hepatic sympathetic neurotransmitter.

Occurrence of adrenergic nerve fibers in human thymus during immune response

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cavallotti ◽  
Marco Artico ◽  
Giandomenico Iannetti ◽  
Carlo Cavallotti
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Human Thymus

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in human, rat, and mouse bronchopulmonary and gastrointestinal endocrine cells.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1181-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Lauweryns ◽  
L Van Ranst
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Method ◽  
Amino Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Mouse Tissues

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) catalyzes the cellular decarboxylation of L-aromatic amino acids and is therefore involved in the synthesis of several biogenic amines. Application of the indirect immunoperoxidase method on human, rat, and mouse tissues using specific antibodies to AADC revealed all AADC-containing cells. Besides mast cells and adrenergic nerve fibers, the following cells were immunostained: neuroendocrine cells in the tracheobronchial epithelium; neuroepithelial bodies in the bronchopulmonary epithelium; Kultschitzky cells in the small intestine and appendix as well as adrenal chromaffin cells. All the latter cells belong to the so-called APUD system, the "D" in the acronym standing for the activity of the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. Immunocytochemistry for AADC may become an additional tool not only to highlight APUD cells in tissue sections but also to differentiate the sites of cellular amine synthesis from those of amine storage.

Dynamics of postmortem changes in adrenergic nerve fibers of brain arteries

1983 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-686
Author(s):  
P. A. Motavkin ◽  
V. M. Chertok ◽  
Yu. I. Pigolkin
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Brain Arteries

Supersensitivity of the Isolated Rat Heart after Chemical Sympathectomy with 6-Hydroxydopamine

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Nadeau ◽  
J. De Champlain ◽  
G. M. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Isolated Rat Heart ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
Endogenous Noradrenaline ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Perfused Hearts ◽  
Supersensitivity To Noradrenaline ◽  
Isolated Rat

Presynaptic supersensitivity was demonstrated in isolated rat atria and perfused hearts 2 h after an intravenous injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA), 100 mg/kg. This coincided with a maximum depletion of cardiac endogenous noradrenaline, a disappearance of the fluorescence of terminal adrenergic nerve fibers in the atrial myocardium, and an abolished chronotropic response to tyramine. The chronotropic response to dopamine was also significantly diminished. Maximal supersensitivity to the chronotropic effect of noradrenaline was observed 72 h after the injection of 6-OH-DA. Two weeks after the administration of 6-OH-DA, supersensitivity to noradrenaline was less marked, and the response to tyramine was restored. These changes corresponded to an increasing noradrenaline content in the heart and to the reappearance of histofluorescent fibers in the atria.

Neuropeptide Y as a presynaptic modulator of norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nerve fibers in the pig pineal gland

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ziółkowska ◽  
B. Lewczuk ◽  
B. Przybylska-Gornowicz
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Fibers ◽  
Uk 14,304 ◽  
Mammalian Pineal Gland ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Abstract Norepinephrine (NE) released from the sympathetic nerve endings is the main neurotransmitter controlling melatonin synthesis in the mammalian pineal gland. Although neuropeptide Y (NPY) co-exists with NE in the pineal sympathetic nerve fibers it also occurs in a population of non-adrenergic nerve fibers located in this gland. The role of NPY in pineal physiology is still enigmatic. The present study characterizes the effect of NPY on the depolarization-evoked 3H-NE release from the pig pineal explants. The explants of the pig pineal gland were loaded with 3H-NE in the presence of pargyline and superfused with Tyrode medium. They were exposed twice to the modified Tyrode medium containing 60 mM of K+ to evoke the 3H-NE release via depolarization. NPY, specific agonists of Y1- and Y2-receptors and pharmacologically active ligands of α2-adrenoceptors were added to the medium before and during the second depolarization. The radioactivity was measured in medium fractions collected every 2 minutes during the superfusion. NPY (0.1 – 10 μM) significantly decreased the depolarization-induced 3H-NE release. Similar effect was observed after the treatment with Y2-agonist: NPY13-36, but not with Y1-agonist: [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY. The tritium overflow was lower in the explants exposed to the 5 μM NPY and 1 μM rauwolscine than to rauwolscine only. The effects of 5 μM NPY and 0.05 μM UK 14,304 on the depolarization-evoked 3H-NE release were additive. The results show that NPY is involved in the regulation of NE release from the sympathetic terminals in the pig pineal gland, inhibiting this process via Y2-receptors.

scholarly journals Two Photon Fluorescence Microscopy of the Unstained Human Cochlea Reveals Organ of Corti Cytoarchitecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janani S. Iyer ◽  
Richard Seist ◽  
In Seok Moon ◽  
Konstantina M. Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Human Cochlea ◽  
Two Photon Fluorescence ◽  
Photon Fluorescence

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common sensory deficit worldwide, and it typically originates from the cochlea. Methods to visualize intracochlear cells in living people are currently lacking, limiting not only diagnostics but also therapies for SNHL. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy (TPFM) is a high-resolution optical imaging technique. Here we demonstrate that TPFM enables visualization of sensory cells and auditory nerve fibers in an unstained, non-decalcified adult human cochlea.

scholarly journals Quantification of Adrenergic Nerve Fibers in Human Thymus at Various Ages

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. CAVALLOTTI ◽  
M. ARTICO ◽  
C. CAVALLOTTI
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Human Thymus
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