scholarly journals A DIAZOSULFANILIC ACID AZURE A SEQUENCE FOR TISSUE PROTEIN

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. LILLIE ◽  
R. W. PALMER ◽  
A. GUTIÉRREZ
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Sulfanilic Acid ◽  
Diazonium Salts ◽  
Azo Coupling ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Azure A ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Sufficient Intensity ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

When azo coupling of tissue with freshly diazotized sulfanilic acid at 20-25 mM concentration in a bicarbonate solution is followed by acid washing and staining with dilute azure A or safranium O solutions at pH 1, the azo coupling sites in tissue are demonstrated with green to greenish black or red colors of sufficient intensity to render the method useful for the study of the distribution of reactive proteins. Erythrocytes react more strongly by this method than with most other diazonium salts. The method also affords a procedure for creating readily demonstrable sulfonic acid groups in tissue sections, for the study of their reactions in comparison with those of ester sulfuric acid groups.

scholarly journals THE QUESTION OF TRIAZENES IN THE TOTAL COLOR EFFECT OF THE PROTEIN AZO COUPLING REACTION IN HISTOCHEMISTRY

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. LILLIE
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Diazonium Salts ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Azo Coupling ◽  
Color Effect ◽  
Azure A ◽  
Safranin O ◽  
Methylene Violet

The suggestion that triazenes formed by union of alkalized diazonium salts with aliphatic amino groups contribute to the azo color reaction of tissue proteins is rejected. Deaminations of formaldehyde-fixed and other tissues were sufficient to render the previously oxyphil elements of these tissues basophilic to azure A-eosin B at the same pH level. After these deaminations there was no detectable difference in intensity or distribution of the azo coupling reaction. Freshly diazotized safranin O, dimethylphenosafranin (methylene violet) and the diazosulfanilic acid, azure A sequence technic were used as testing methods. Acid extraction even when prolonged to 24 hr and when acid concentration raised from 0.1 N to 0.24 N does not alter the intensity or distribution of the several azo coupling reactions as compared with unextracted preparations. Deliberate creation of triazenes by admixture of proline, diethylamine, hydroxylamine, hydrazine sulfate, glycine and uric acid, added to the diazo in stoichiometric excess, more or less completely inhibited azo coupling of all tissue elements. Uric acid and hydrazine were the most efiective, and then hydroxylamine, proline and diethylamine in that order. Reacidification of the uric acid compound to pH 2.2-2.5 for 10 min, filtration to remove liberated uric acid and realkalinization moderately restored the azo coupling capacity of diazosafranin. This illustrates acid destruction of a triazene of this diazotate. It is concluded that triazenes with tissue aliamino groups play no significant part in the final color effect of azo coupling with the diazonium salts used.

scholarly journals Methoxylation of α-pinene over poly(vinyl alcohol) containing sulfonic acid groups

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Pito ◽  
I.M. Fonseca ◽  
A.M. Ramos ◽  
J. Vital ◽  
J.E. Castanheiro
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Superprotonic Conductivity of a UiO-66 Framework Functionalized with Sulfonic Acid Groups by Facile Postsynthetic Oxidation

2015 ◽  
Vol 127 (17) ◽  
pp. 5231-5235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Ju Phang ◽  
Hyuna Jo ◽  
Woo Ram Lee ◽  
Jeong Hwa Song ◽  
Kicheon Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Do acid–base interactions really improve the ion conduction in a proton exchange membrane? – a study on the effect of basic groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (34) ◽  
pp. 19820-19830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqian Sui ◽  
Yexin Du ◽  
Huayuan Hu ◽  
Jieshu Qian ◽  
Xuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ion Conduction ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Generating acid–base interactions between sulfonic acid groups in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) and the incorporation of basic groups are effective approaches to improving the physicochemical properties of a membrane.

Synthesis and characterisation of novel functional polyolefin containing sulfonic acid groups

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
Yan-Guo Li ◽  
Yue-Sheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Synthesis of soluble sulfonated polybenzimidazoles derived from 2-sulfonate terephthalic acid

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunying Wu ◽  
Guyu Xiao ◽  
Deyue Yan
Keyword(s):  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Solution Casting ◽  
Direct Polycondensation ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Abstract2-Sulfonate p-terephthalic acid (sTA) was synthesized, and sulfonated polybenzimidazoles (sPBI) were prepared by direct polycondensation of 3,3’- diaminobenzidine (DAB) and sTA with 4,4’-oxybis(benzoic acid) (OBBA) or 2,2’- bis(4-carboxylphenyl)-hexafluoropropane (BCHFP). Thus the ether groups and hexafluoroisopropylidene units were incorporated into the backbone of the sPBI in order to improve the flexibility and solubility. The sPBI based on OBBA showed poor solubility, while the sPBI containing hexafluoroisopropylidene units were soluble in common solvents. sPBI-20 ~ sPBI-60 could form tough and transparent membranes by solution casting. sPBI indicated high thermal stability, the 5% weight loss temperature (T5%) which was higher than 520°C, decreased with the increase of degree of sulfonation. sPBI-20 ~ sPBI-60 showed no glass transition at temperatures lower than 380°C. In addition, sPBI showed low water uptake, low swelling ratio as well as excellent resistance to oxidation. But sPBI exhibited low proton conductivity because of the strong acid-base interactions between basic benzimidazole and sulfonic acid groups.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Self-Dispersing Phthalocyanine Blue 15:4 Pigment for Dyeing of Wool Textiles

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Lun Nie ◽  
Guangtao Chang ◽  
Ruoxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Weather Resistance ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Better Than

A self-dispersing pigment was produced by a diazonium coupling reaction; the pigment reacted with aromatic diazonium salts which were generated by the reaction of p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid and sodium nitrite. The surface of the pigment particles was negatively charged due to sulfonic acid groups on the pigment surface. The pigment particle size and zeta potential were, respectively, 134.5 nm and −45.4 mV at neutral pH. The wool surface was positively charged by adjusting the pH; then the anionic self-dispersing pigment dyed the cationic wool. The results show that self-dispersing pigment can adhere well without a binder, and that the K/S value is closely related to pH, dyeing time, and the amount of pigment. The color fastness of the wool was good and the light fastness of the wool was grade 5, which is better than acid dyes. Self-dispersing pigments are potential candidates for dyeing high-weather-resistance textiles.

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