scholarly journals LOCALIZATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY AND SECRETION MECHANISM IN RABBIT PANCREATIC B-CELLS

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYDNEY S. LAZARUS ◽  
BRUNO W. VOLK ◽  
HERBERT BARDEN
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Single Membrane ◽  
Pancreatic B Cells

Utilizing formaldehyde- or glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue and Gomori's lead method it was found by optical microscopy that rabbit pancreatic islet cell acid phosphatase activity is present in discrete, mostly perinuclear foci and that this distribution differs from that of the aldehyde fuchsin-positive secretory granules which are densely packed at the capillary pole of the cell. Electron microscopically lead reaction product was noted in dense bodies, as well as in structures thought to be Golgi vacuoles and vesicles, it was also present in the innermost of the Golgi cisternae, and at the periphery of adjacent single membrane-limited bodies whose origin can be traced from the proximal cisternae. These latter bodies in routinely prepared, osmium-fixed material show finely granular content, which is in contrast to the electron-dense, central body seen in secretory granules that appear to originate from endoplasmic reticulum. B-cell cytoplasm contained additional numerous, single membrane-limited vacuoles with pale content. These are thought also to represent secretion vacuoles but with insulin secretory product in a different physical or chemical state. The lack of acid phosphatase activity in B-cell secretion vacuoles, the dissimilarities in fine structure between the content of secretory elements and that of the Golgi-derived granular body, together with previous evidence that alteration in B-cell functional state does not result in altered number or distribution of acid phosphatase active elements in B-cell cytoplasm, indicate a lack of relationship between acid phosphatase and secretory granule formation or release in pancreatic B-cells. It is also hypothesized that the secretory vacuole with central dense granule may be a storage form while the pale vacuole is the one which liberates its content to the intercellular space.

scholarly journals CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON TWO FUNCTIONAL HEPATOMAS

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Essner ◽  
Alex B. Novikoff
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Golgi Membranes

The Reuber hepatoma H-35 and Morris hepatoma 5123 have been studied by electron microscopy and by cytochemical staining methods for a number of phosphatases. These studies emphasize the resemblances of the two tumors to rat liver, but they also indicate distinctive features in each of the three tissues. Secretory product accumulates within the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus that dilate to form the Golgi vacuoles. The vacuoles apparently separate, and secretory material undergoes further condensation within them. These "secretory vacuoles" possess acid phosphatase activity and may thus be considered lysosomes. The membranes of the Golgi apparatus are without acid phosphatase activity but show high levels of thiaminepyrophosphatase activity. The endoplasmic reticulum also hydrolyzes thiaminepyrophosphate but at a lower rate; it hydrolyzes the diphosphates of uridine, guanosine, and inosine rapidly. These observations and the electron microscopic images are consistent with the view that the cytomembranes are in a dynamic state of flux, movement, and transformation in the living cell, and that smooth surfaced derivatives of the endoplasmic reticulum become refashioned into the Golgi membranes as the Golgi membranes are being refashioned into those that delimit secretory vacuoles. The variations encountered in the two hepatomas are described. The electron microscope literature dealing with the relations of the Golgi apparatus to secretory granules, on the one hand, and the endoplasmic reticulum, on the other, is reviewed briefly.

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON ISOLATED PANCREATIC ISLETS OF MAMMALS

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes Hellerström ◽  
Inge-Bert Täljedal ◽  
Bo Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
List Type ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Isolated Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

ABSTRACT Quantitative studies of non-specific acid phosphatases were performed on isolated pancreatic islets from obese-hyperglycaemic mice. The islets of these animals are composed of a rather pure population of B cells. The following observations were made: Acid phosphatases originating in the islet tissue, showed maximal enzyme activities at about pH 3.5 and 5.3 using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. The acid phosphatase activity of the exocrine tissue showed a single distinct maximum at about pH 5.3. The islet acid phosphatases were inhibited by sodium fluoride, sodium tartrate and formaldehyde. They were stable against storage in crude tissue homogenates at + 4° C and + 20° C for 48 hours. The pancreatic islets exhibited a significantly higher acid phosphatase activity than the exocrine parenchyma. Starvation for 7 days did not alter the enzyme levels in the islets or acini when measured at pH 5.3, while a probably increased enzyme activity was obtained in both these regions at pH 3.5. There was no evidence for a relationship between the insulin secretion and the acid phosphatase activity of the B cells.

Effects of physiological concentrations of parathyroid hormone on acid phosphatase activity in cultured rat bone cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Braidman ◽  
J. G. St John ◽  
D. C. Anderson ◽  
W. R. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
C Cells ◽  
C Cell ◽  
Type C

ABSTRACT The mechanism by which parathyroid hormone (PTH) induces osteoclastic bone resorption is still incompletely understood. Recent evidence suggests that the hormone exerts its effects indirectly, via the osteoblasts. Bone cells isolated from fetal rat calvaria by enzymatic digestion were used. Two heterogeneous cell populations were isolated by equilibrium density centrifugation on Percoll gradients and maintained by differential culture conditions. These two populations, which are morphologically distinguishable from one another by light and electron microscopy, have been characterized previously both biochemically and with regard to their hormonal (PTH and calcitonin) responses. We have called them type C cells (containing cells with some of the properties of osteoclasts) and type B cells (containing osteoblast-like cells, as well as fibroblasts, chondrocytes and other stromal cells). In the present study, we have further characterized the functional relationship between the two cell populations, with particular regard to the hormonal responses of type C cultures. Acid phosphatase, measured cytochemically in individual cells, was used as a marker for C cell responses. C cells had significantly higher levels of acid phosphatase activity than either B cells or spleen macrophages. Calcitonin (0–10 pg/ml) decreased C cell acid phosphatase activity but was without effect on B cells or spleen macrophages. Co-culture of C cells with B cells produced increased enzyme activity only in the former; this effect could be mimicked if fibroblasts replaced B cells and cell contact was essential for this response. PTH (0–10 pg/ml) raised enzyme activity further in C cells only when they were cultured with B cells. When C cells were cultured so that they shared medium, but were not in contact, with B cells, PTH (2 pg/ml) still increased enzyme activity in the former. Fibroblasts were ineffective in this system. Spleen macrophages were also unresponsive to PTH when substituted for C cells. Calcitonin (10 pg/ml) blocked the effects of PTH on C cells. These results indicate that macrophages are probably not a significant proportion of the C cell population, and that PTH may produce increased acid phosphatase activity in C cells via a humoral factor produced by cells present in B cell cultures. J. Endocr. (1986) 111, 17–26

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC LOCALIZATION OF GLYCOPROTEINS IN PITUITARY CELLS OF DUCK AND QUAIL

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 775-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉE TIXIER-VIDAL ◽  
RENÉE PICART
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Gonadotropic Cells ◽  
Dense Bodies

Structures demonstrating the presence of glycoproteins, acid phosphatase activity and OsO4 impregnation were localized by means of the electron microscope in duck and in quail pituitary cells. Two methods for the electron microscopic demonstration of glycoproteins were used: a chromic acid-phosphotungstic acid mixture on glycol-methacrylate-embedded tissues, and the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate technique. Both methods showed glycoproteins in the following sites: ( a) the secretory granules in three types of cells (A, B, C) which are part of the seven different cells of the avian pituitary; ( b) the several kinds of dense bodies which are richer in reaction product than the secretory granules. A correlation with previous studies on similar species of birds is helpful in identifying each of the three positive types of cells as thyrotropic cell (A), prolactin cell (B) and gonadotropic cell (C). The presence of glycoproteins within the Golgi saccules (on condensing granules) was found with the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate method in these gonadotropic cells only. In gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells, acid phosphatase activity is weak in the inner Golgi saccules and strong in the "Golgi Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosomes" system, in the lysosomes, in the dense bodies and in the vacuolated dense bodies. The structures which are richest in glycoproteins are also those which have the most acid phosphatase activity. On the contrary, OsO4-stained structures in duck gonadotropic cells (nuclear pericisterna, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cisternae and outer Golgi saccules) have no glycoproteins or acid phosphatase activity.

Acid Phosphatase Activity in Secretory Granules of Pancreatic Beta Cells of Normal Rats

Diabetes ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Orci ◽  
W. Stauffacher ◽  
C. Rufener ◽  
A. E. Lambert ◽  
C. Rouiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Secretory Granules

Erythrophagocytosis in the Liver in Hemolytic Anemias

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
O. T. Minick ◽  
E. Orfei ◽  
F. Volini ◽  
G. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Important Site

Hemolytic anemias were produced in rats by administering phenylhydrazine or anti-erythrocytic (rooster) serum, the latter having agglutinin and hemolysin titers exceeding 1:1000.Following administration of phenylhydrazine, the erythrocytes undergo oxidative damage and are removed from the circulation by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system, predominantly by the spleen. With increasing dosage or if animals are splenectomized, the Kupffer cells become an important site of sequestration and are greatly hypertrophied. Whole red cells are the most common type engulfed; they are broken down in digestive vacuoles, as shown by the presence of acid phosphatase activity (Fig. 1). Heinz body material and membranes persist longer than native hemoglobin. With larger doses of phenylhydrazine, erythrocytes undergo intravascular fragmentation, and the particles phagocytized are now mainly red cell fragments of varying sizes (Fig. 2).

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