DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF OXIDATIVE ENZYMES IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED TUMORS, REGENERATION AND INFLAMMATION OF MOUSE SKIN

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKENORI HASHIMOTO ◽  
M. S. BURSTONE
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Polarization Pattern ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Enzyme Distribution ◽  
Well Differentiated

Enzyme histochemical studies of normal and burned mouse skin as well as those treated with methylcholanthrene or 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene revealed that the irritant (or stimulus) carcinogenic or noncarcinogenic, initially results in a more distinct polarization2 of the localization of oxidative enzymes including glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (predominant in the upper layers of the hypertrophic epidermis) and DPN-dependent dehydrogenases, succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase in the lower layers. Subsequently, only the carcinogen disrupted the polarization pattern. Methylcholanthrene-induced squamous cell carcinomas were classified from a histochemical standpoint according to the following three types: (1) those well differentiated and having a distinctly polarized pattern of oxidative enzymes; (2) those showing disruption of the polarization pattern and marked activity of oxidative enzymes; and (3) those that were undifferentiated and characterized by absence of a polarized pattern and weak activity of oxidative enzymes. Type 1 showed an enzyme distribution pattern resembling that of the inflammatory hypertrophic epidermis; type 2 was similar in enzymatic pattern to the advancing proximal portion of the regenerating epidermis; and type 3 was similar enzyme-histochemically to the undifferentiated epithelium of the early embryo skin. Thus, a great variation in the distribution pattern of enzyme activities appears during the carcinogenesis process.

HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ENZYME DISTRIBUTION IN SHOOT TIPS OF WHITE SPRUCE (PICEA GLAUCA (MOENCH) VOSS)

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1509-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Quiescent Center ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Enzyme Distribution

The relationship between morphological and metabolic or enzymic differentiation in shoot tips of white spruce has been investigated by histochemical methods revealing the distribution of several enzymes and other cellular constituents in tissues of the shoot tip at different times during the growing season. Most of the enzymes studied showed well-defined distribution patterns which varied with the stage of development of the shoot tip. Less seasonal variation was observed in the distribution of the other substances included.Activity of cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase was high in the shoot apex during the flush of growth in the spring, indicating a high level of respiratory activity in that region, consistent with the rapid growth of the shoot. Peroxidase activity was associated particularly with meristematic or potentially meristematic tissue regions. The evidence substantiates the view that mitotic activity is greatest on the flanks of the apex and supports the existence of a quiescent center with relatively low activity in the apical mother cell zone, classically the origin of the primary stem tissues. High phosphatase activity was observed in the crown region and at the bases of needle and cone scale primordia.Young cones in fall or spring exhibited enzyme distribution patterns distinctly different from those in vegetative shoot tips. No evidence was obtained to indicate what enzyme or enzymes might be particularly involved in the differentiation of reproductive buds, but the results provide a basis for a further critical investigation of this differentiation by histochemical means.

scholarly journals The spatial and temporal distribution of cationic and anionic radicals in early embryo implantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1075-1079
Author(s):  
Zhikun Bai
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Total Proteins

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to obtain some knowledge of cationic and anionic radicals in early embryo implantation in mice. The method used in this study is known as histochemical staining, in which Xylidine ponceau was used at pH 2.5 and toluidine blue was used at pH 4.0. We detected the change in glycosaminoglycans and total proteins in the endometrial stroma during the preimplantation of mice. This study revealed that the distribution patterns of cationic radicals and anionic radicals are similar on days 4 and 5 of pregnancy. However, there was a distinct difference between cationic radicals and anionic radicals on day 8 of pregnancy. The distribution pattern of cationic radicals is more concentrated in the stroma near the conceptus. Laboratory studies on histochemical stain provide more information about early embryo implantation.

scholarly journals HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF CERTAIN OXIDATIVE ENZYMES IN THE RAT TESTIS

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. AMBADKAR ◽  
J. C. GEORGE
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Malic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Subcellular Level

The localization and distribution of β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase in the rat testis have been studied histochemically. Intense enzyme activity in the interstitium as well as tubules was observed. However, malic dehydrogenase was found to be more active in the interstitium than in the tubules. The distribution pattern of enzyme activity appeared in four different phases in the seminiferous tubules corresponding to the gradient in the spermatogenetic wave, thereby indicating a metabolic adaptation at subcellular level.

Analisis Rantai Nilai Komoditas Cabai Merah

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-346
Author(s):  
Dhamon Oridilla B
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Commodity Chain ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Data Analyst ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
Red Peppers

Candi Village in Bandungan District is one of the Chili Supply Sub-district for Semarang Regency and surrounding area has agro-climate suitable for the development of various agricultural commodities supported by wide market opportunity, so it is suitable for agricultural business development. The purpose of this research is to identify the distribution pattern of red pepper, to know each value of commodity chains and distribution, to design alternative distribution pattern of red pepper.Population in this research is 88 respondents from 735 of member of chilli farmer in Desa Candi with total area of 150,3 hectare consisting of rice field, moor and yard. Methods of data analyst using quantitative approach is done by using Margin Marketing Analysis. The results include: (1) The pattern of distribution of existing farming business grows naturally in accordance with the developments and needs of the perpetrators, the actors in this pattern are farmers, wholesalers, collectors, wholesalers, retailers, consumers. (2) The value of the red chili commodity chain in this naturally grown pattern often makes pricing more dominant by traders, so farmers receive prices slightly lower than market prices. (3) Some obstacles faced in distributing red peppers are the difficulty of changing the mindset of the community about advanced farming, this is best utilized by market participants (chain of distribution) who are more informed and always keep abreast of market dynamics. Conventional marketing pattern by farmer cause price level accepted by farmer in general relatively smaller compared to price received by trader. Suggestions shorten the chain of distribution patterns, increase the added value of products and improve the bargaining position of farmers and for the government always guide / accompany farmers in getting accurate market information, which can be used as farmers in bargaining, Increased market transparency can act as a trigger for the functioning of a market, improved competition and increased adaptation to meet the needs of supply and opportunity to compete with market prices. Desa Candi di Kabupaten Bandungan adalah salah satu Kecamatan Penyedia Cabai untuk Kabupaten Semarang dan sekitarnya memiliki agroklimat yang cocok untuk pengembangan berbagai komoditas pertanian yang didukung oleh peluang pasar yang luas, sehingga sangat cocok untuk pengembangan bisnis pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pola distribusi cabai merah, untuk mengetahui masing-masing nilai rantai komoditas dan distribusi, untuk merancang alternatif pola distribusi cabai merah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 88 responden dari 735 anggota petani cabai di Desa Candi dengan total luas 150,3 hektar yang terdiri dari sawah, tegalan dan pekarangan. Metode analis data menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan Analisis Pemasaran Margin. Hasil meliputi: (1) Pola distribusi usaha pertanian yang ada tumbuh secara alami sesuai dengan perkembangan dan kebutuhan pelaku, pelaku dalam pola ini adalah petani, pedagang besar, pengumpul, pedagang besar, pedagang besar, pengecer, konsumen. (2) Nilai rantai komoditas cabai merah dalam pola yang dikembangkan secara alami ini sering membuat penetapan harga lebih dominan oleh para pedagang, sehingga petani menerima harga yang sedikit lebih rendah daripada harga pasar. (3) Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi dalam mendistribusikan paprika merah adalah sulitnya mengubah pola pikir masyarakat tentang pertanian maju, hal ini paling baik digunakan oleh pelaku pasar (rantai distribusi) yang lebih banyak informasi dan selalu mengikuti perkembangan dinamika pasar. Pola pemasaran konvensional oleh petani menyebabkan tingkat harga yang diterima petani pada umumnya relatif lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan harga yang diterima pedagang. Saran mempersingkat rantai pola distribusi, meningkatkan nilai tambah produk dan meningkatkan posisi tawar petani dan bagi pemerintah selalu membimbing / menemani petani dalam mendapatkan informasi pasar yang akurat, yang dapat digunakan sebagai petani dalam tawar-menawar, Peningkatan transparansi pasar dapat bertindak sebagai pemicu berfungsinya pasar, meningkatnya kompetisi dan peningkatan adaptasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasokan dan peluang untuk bersaing dengan harga pasar.

scholarly journals The Initial Immune Reaction to a New Tumor Antigen Is Always Stimulatory and Probably Necessary for the Tumor's Growth

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richmond T. Prehn
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Antigen ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Initial Effect ◽  
The Relationship

All nascent neoplasms probably elicit at least a weak immune reaction. However, the initial effect of the weak immune reaction on a nascent tumor is always stimulatory rather than inhibitory to tumor growth, assuming only that exposure to the tumor antigens did not antedate the initiation of the neoplasm (as may occur in some virally induced tumors). This conclusion derives from the observation that the relationship between the magnitude of an adaptive immune reaction and tumor growth is not linear but varies such that while large quantities of antitumor immune reactants tend to inhibit tumor growth, smaller quantities of the same reactants are, for unknown reasons, stimulatory. Any immune reaction must presumably be small before it can become large; hence the initial reaction to the first presentation of a tumor antigen must always be small and in the stimulatory portion of this nonlinear relationship. In mouse-skin carcinogenesis experiments it was found that premalignant papillomas were variously immunogenic, but that the carcinomas that arose in them were, presumably because of induced immune tolerance, nonimmunogenic in the animal of origin.

The distribution of E-cadherin during Xenopus laevis development

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Levi ◽  
B. Gumbiner ◽  
J.P. Thiery
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Sensory Layer ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
E Cadherin

A vast amount of experimental evidence suggests that cell surface molecules involved in cell-to-cell and/or cell-to-substrate interactions participate in the control of basic events in morphogenesis. E-cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule directly implicated in the control of Ca2(+)-dependent interactions between epithelial cells. We report here the patterns of expression of E-cadherin in developmental stages of Xenopus laevis ranging from early embryo to adult using immunofluorescence microscopy. Although its distribution shares some similarities with those of L-CAM in the chicken and E-cadherin/Uvomorulin in the mouse, the distribution of E-cadherin in Xenopus presents several peculiar and unique features. In early stages of Xenopus development, E-cadherin is not expressed. The molecule is first detectable in the ectoderm of late gastrulas (stage 13-13.5 NF). At this time both the external and the sensory layer of the nonneural ectoderm accumulate high levels of E-cadherin while the ectoderm overlying the neural plate and regions of the involuting marginal zone (IMZ) not yet internalized by the movements of gastrulation are E-cadherin-negative. Unlike most other species, endodermal cells express no or very low levels of E-cadherin up to stage 20 NF. Endodermal cells become strongly E-cadherin-positive only when a well-differentiated epithelium forms in the gut. No mesodermal structures are stained during early development. In the placodes, in contrast to other species, E-cadherin disappears very rapidly after placode thickening. During further embryonic development E-cadherin is present in the skin, the gut epithelium, the pancreas, many monostratified epithelia and most glands. Hepatocytes are stained weakly while most other tissues, including the pronephros, are negative. In the mesonephros, the Wolffian duct and some tubules are positive. During metamorphosis a profound restructuring of the body plan takes place under the control of thyroid hormones, which involves the degeneration and subsequent regeneration of several tissues such as the skin and the gut. All newly formed epithelia express high levels of E-cadherin. Surprisingly, degenerating epithelia of both skin and intestine maintain high levels of the protein even after starting to become disorganized and to degenerate. In the adult, staining is strong in the skin, the glands, the lungs, the gut epithelium and the pancreas, weak in the liver and absent from most other tissues. Our results show that the expression of E-cadherin in Xenopus is strongly correlated with the appearance of differentiated epithelia.

Ecological and environmental indicators of Brazil Nut Tree (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) in Flona do Jamari, Rondônia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-751
Author(s):  
Nilson Reinaldo Fernandes dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Diogo Martins Rosa ◽  
José Das Dores de Sá Rocha ◽  
Marta Silvana Volpato Sccoti ◽  
Scheila Cristina Biazatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Morisita Index ◽  
Individual Trees

Mapping Brazil nut trees in the Amazon is essential for indicating its distribution patterns within different ecosystems, while also being useful to estimate the species productive potential. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of Brazil nut trees in Flona do Jamari – RO, considering its environmental and topographic conditions. A census was performed for all individual trees sized ≥ 35 cm in diameter at 1.30 m breast height (DBH) above the ground of six Annual Production Units (APU) in Forest Management Unit III (FMU-III), a 11,011.2 ha area of Flona do Jamari, RO. DBH and geographic location (GPS) were collected for each tree. Structure and diameter distribution were evaluated by abundance, density, dominance, and frequency. The Morisita index was used to identify the spatial distribution pattern. The environment was defined by the local relative height found along the drainage network, by the digital model Height Above the Nearest Drainage (HAND). Most trees were among DBH intermediate classes (60 to 140 cm), and only a few were young trees (DBH < 50 cm). Brazil nut trees present a random spatial distribution and a predominant distribution pattern of 'terra-firme (solid ground)'. Such information on the species structural, spatial, and ecological patterns serve as key elements for further studies on production potential.

Comparison of the clinical outcomes and cement distribution patterns after percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of thoracolumbar Kümmell’s disease and OVCFs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Liang Wang ◽  
Ji-Bin Chen ◽  
Te Li
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Fracture Rate ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Cement Distribution ◽  
Kummell’S Disease ◽  
Kümmell’S Disease ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the therapeutic effect and distribution characteristics of bone cement in the PVP treatment for thoracolumbar Kümmell's diseases and OVCFs. Methods A prospective analysis of 35 patients with Kümmell ’s disease (K group) and 35 patients with OVCFs (O group) who underwent PVP treatment from February 2016 to February 2018 was conducted. The vertebral compression rate and degree of osteoporosis were more serious in the K group than in the O group ( P <0.05, respectively). Distribution pattern, volume and leakage rate of bone cement, operation time, VAS score, ODI, correction rates of vertebral compression and kyphosis, re-fracture rate of adjacent vertebrae in 2 years between the two groups were compared to assess clinical effect. Results The follow-up time of the two groups was 24-48 months. The amount of intraoperative bone cement injection was significantly higher in the K group than in the O group ( P =0.025). The cement distribution pattern of local solid lump was dominant in the K group (65.71%), while intercalation with trabeculae was dominant in the O group (74.29%) ( P <0.001). VAS score and ODI were significantly lower both in the two groups at 1 day, 1 year and 2 years after surgery than before surgery (all P <0.05), but significantly lower in the K group than in the O group at each time point after surgery (all P <0.05). The correction rates of kyphosis and vertebral compression in both groups was significantly corrected ( P <0.05, respectively) and gradually lost with time ( P <0.05, respectively). The correction rates of kyphosis and vertebral compression were significantly higher in the K group than in the O group at each time point after surgery (all P <0.05). Conclusions PVP has the advantages of simple operation, short operation time, small trauma and quick recovery in treating both Kümmell's disease and OVCFs. However, PVP can better restore partial vertebral height and correct kyphosis in the treatment of Kümmell's disease, while can better alleviate pain and improve ODI in the treatment of OVCFs.

scholarly journals Fluorescence distribution pattern allows to distinguish two species of Eugymnanthea (Leptomedusae: Eirenidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 1743-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Kubota ◽  
Patrizia Pagliara ◽  
Cinzia Gravili
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Taxonomic Character ◽  
Green Fluorescence ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Fluorescent Microscope ◽  
Light Excitation ◽  
Auto Fluorescence

The auto-fluorescence patterns of the medusae observed under a fluorescent microscope with blue light excitation allows to distinguish two species of Eugymnanthea, this even when they are still attached to the hydroid as small medusa buds despite the occurrence of a sex-dependant pattern in E. japonica. A total of four distribution patterns of green fluorescence, including non-fluorescence, could be found. Three of them are found in E. japonica, called ‘subumbrellar fluorescence type’ except for non-fluorescence, while another type is found in E. inquilina, called ‘umbrellar margin fluorescence type’. During the short life of the medusa the latter type remained invariable for up to six days in E. inquilina, while the pattern observed for up to seven days in E. japonica changed sometimes, but it always remained distinguishable from the pattern found in E. inquilina. Therefore, the fluorescence pattern is a reliable taxonomic character. Fluorescence was not found in unfertilized eggs, planulae 2–8 days old, parthenogenetically produced larvae, or in the hydroids of the two species. The auto-fluorescent and possible bioluminescent tissues of these Eugymnanthea medusae could have some unknown biological significance.

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