scholarly journals Seismic energy response analysis of equipment-structure system via real-time dynamic substructuring shaking table testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Bi ◽  
Lanfang Luo ◽  
Nan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Structure System ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Substructuring ◽  
Shaking Table Testing

Dynamic equations are presented that have been deduced for a real-time dynamic substructuring shaking table test of an equipment-structure system, based on the branch mode substructure method. The equipment is adopted as the experimental substructure, which is loaded by the shaking table, while the structure is adopted as the numerical substructure. Real-time data communication occurs between the two substructures during the test. A real-time seismic energy calculation method was proposed for the calculation of energy responses, both in the experimental substructure and the numerical substructure. Taking a representative four-story steel frame/equipment model, real-time dynamic substructuring shaking table tests and overall model tests were executed. The proposed real-time dynamic substructuring shaking table testing method was verified by comparing the test results with shaking table test results for the overall model. The energy responses of each component in the equipment-structure system, using different connection types, also were studied. Changes in the connection types can lead to changes in the energy responses of the equipment-structure system, especially with respect to the equipment. The choice of the connection for the equipment-structure coupled system should take into account the operational performance objective of the equipment.

scholarly journals Effects of Equipment-Structure-Soil Interaction on Seismic Response of Equipment and Structure via Real-Time Dynamic Substructuring Shaking Table Testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongxiang Zhang ◽  
Nan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Earthquake Intensity ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Substructuring ◽  
Shaking Table Testing

Equation of motion for an equipment-structure-soil (ESS) interaction system was derived using the branch substructure method. After rearrangement, this equation was applied to real-time dynamic substructuring shaking table (RTDSST) testing of the ESS system. This method adopts the equipment-structure (ES) subsystem as the experimental substructure and a modal reduced soil model as the numerical substructure: the former is tested via the shaking table, and the latter is numerically simulated, while real-time data communication occurs between the two substructures during testing. A scale model of the ESS system was designed and underwent an RTDSST test. The experimental data were found to be consistent with the numerical calculation results, which corroborates the reliability and validity of the proposed testing method. A comparison of the experimental results from different earthquake stages implies that seismic responses of the equipment and structure decreased in general due to the intervention of soil, but the soil effect weakened with earthquake intensity.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effects of Soil on the Seismic Energy Responses of an Equipment-Structure System via Substructure Shaking Table Testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanfang Luo ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Jihong Bi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Shaking Table Testing ◽  
Soil Effects ◽  
Substructure Approach

This study investigated the real-time substructure shaking table testing (RTSSTT) of an equipment-structure-soil (ESS) system and the effects of soil on the seismic energy responses of the equipment-structure (ES) subsystem. First, the branch modal substructure approach was employed to derive the formulas needed for the RTSSTT of the ESS system. Then, individual equations for calculating the energy responses of the equipment and the structure were provided. The ES subsystem was adopted as the experimental substructure, whereas the reduced soil model was treated as the numerical substructure when the RTSSTT was performed on the ESS system. The effectiveness of the proposed testing method was demonstrated by comparing the test results with those of the integrated finite element analysis. The energy responses of the ES subsystem in the case of rigid ground (i.e., the ES system) were compared with those considering the effects of soil (i.e., the ESS system). The input energy responses of the ES subsystem were found to decrease significantly after taking the effects of soil into account. Differences due to the soil effects should be considered in the seismic design for the ES system.

Shaking Table Test of Structure With Reinforced Buckling Restrained Braces

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Tsai ◽  
Wen-Shin Chen ◽  
Kuei-Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Buckling Restrained Brace ◽  
Steel Core ◽  
Shaking Table Testing ◽  
Buckling Restrained Braces ◽  
Seismic Loadings

The traditional brace elements will buckle when subjected to severe earthquakes. Many researchers have been trying to overcome this disadvantage of the traditional brace element since 1970’s. Many types of braces have been developed without buckling under large compressive forces called the buckling restrained brace BRB, or unbonded brace. This type brace includes a steel core, a case that encases the steel core and brace projection, and can enhance both the stiffness and hysteretic damping of a structure to resist seismic loadings. Recently, some investigators have carried out the researches focusing on the procedure of designing buckling restrained braces, quasi dynamic testing and the methods of the connection between the buckling restrained brace and main structure. But, these results can not reflect the effects of the structure with buckling restrained braces during earthquakes. Therefore, the shaking table testing should be done to examine the effects of new BRBs on the seismic responses of a structure. In this study, the reinforced buckling restrained braces were installed on a three-story scaled steel structure in Feng Chia University to perform a series of shaking table tests. The test results illustrate that the new unbond braces provide good protection for structures during earthquakes.

The Effect of Interface Delays in Substructuring Experiments

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Marsico ◽  
David J. Wagg ◽  
Simon A. Neild
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Test Piece ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Hybrid Testing ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Substructuring

Normally, for feasibility reasons, tests must be conducted on scaled structures, although scaling can introduce other issues. An alternative solution is to experimentally test the part of the structure that is of particular interest, at full or closer to full scale, while numerically modeling the remainder of the structure. This method is termed real-time dynamic substructuring or hybrid testing. To complete the substructure interaction the forces required to impose the displacements on the physical model are measured and applied to the model in real-time. One of the key challenges is to compensate for the dynamics associated with the actuators that are imposing the displacements on the physical test-piece. Ideally these actuators would act instantaneously however even with sophisticated control techniques interface errors are inevitable. We used an example system to study the effects of interface error modeled as a delay, on the accuracy of the overall substructuring technique.

Verification of two-dimensional non-linear analysis of sand-structure system by examining the results of the shaking-table test

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Ohtsuki ◽  
Masanori Hirota ◽  
Kikuo Ishimura ◽  
Kazutomo Yokoyama ◽  
Kiyoshi Fukutake
Keyword(s):  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Structure System ◽  
Non Linear

scholarly journals Verification of Optimized Real-time Hybrid Control System for Prediction of Nonlinear Materials Behavior with 3-DOF Dynamic Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okpin Na ◽  
Jejin Park
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Hybrid Control ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Hybrid Test ◽  
Hybrid Control System

Real-time hybrid method is an economical and efficient test method to evaluate the dynamic behavior. The purpose of this study is to develop the computational algorithm and to prove the reliability of a real-time hybrid control system. For performing the multi-direction dynamic test, three dynamic actuators and the optimized real-time hybrid system with new hybrid simulation program (FEAPH) and a simplified inter-communication were optimized. To verify the reliability and applicability of the real-time hybrid control system, 3-DOF (3 Degrees of Freedom) non-linear dynamic tests with physical model were conducted on a steel and concrete frame structure. As a ground acceleration, El Centro and Northridge earthquake waves were applied. As a result, the maximum error of numerical analysis is 13% compared with the result of shaking table test. However, the result of real-time hybrid test shows good agreement with the shaking table test. The real-time hybrid test using FEAPH can make good progress on the total testing time and errors. Therefore, this test method using FEAPH can be effectively and cheaply used to evaluate the dynamic performance of the full-scale structure, instead of shaking table and full-scale test.

scholarly journals Research on Bending Rigidity at Flange Connections of UHV Composite Electrical Equipment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Yongfeng Cheng ◽  
Zhicheng Lu ◽  
Zhubing Zhu ◽  
Shujun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Earthquake Simulation

Pillar electrical equipment is an important part of substations. The application of composite materials in pillar equipment can facilitate the improvement of the seismic performance of electrical equipment. In this paper, the test of elastic modulus and bending rigidity was conducted for individual composite elements in insulators and arresters, and the calculation formula for bending rigidity at the composite flange cementing connections was put forward. The numerical simulation model for the earthquake simulation shaking table test of ±1,100 kV composite pillar insulators was established, in which the bending rigidity value for the flange cementing part was obtained by the test or calculation formula. The numerical simulation results were compared with the earthquake simulation shaking table test results, the dynamic characteristics and seismic response of the model were compared, respectively, the validity of the proposed calculation formula for flange bending rigidity of composite cementing parts was verified, and a convenient and effective means was provided for calculating the seismic performance of composite electrical equipment.

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