The assessment of developmental trauma in children and adolescents: A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Denton ◽  
Catherine Frogley ◽  
Sue Jackson ◽  
Mary John ◽  
Dawn Querstret
Keyword(s):  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Developmental Trauma ◽  
Trauma Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Psychometric Data ◽  
General Functioning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: The assessment of children and young people with history of complex developmental trauma presents a significant challenge to services. Traditional diagnostic categories such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are argued to be of limited value, and while the proposed ‘Developmental Trauma Disorder’ definition attempts to address this debate, associated assessment tools have yet to be developed. This review builds on a previous review of assessment measures, undertaken in 2005. Aim: To identify trauma assessment tools developed or evaluated since 2004 and determine which are developmentally appropriate for children or adolescents with histories of complex trauma. Method: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted with explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 35 papers were identified evaluating 29 measures assessing general functioning and mental health ( N = 10), PTSD ( N = 7) and trauma symptomatology outside, or in addition to, PTSD ( N = 11). Studies were evaluated on sample quality, trauma/adversity type, as well as demographic and psychometric data. Distinction was made between measures validated for children (0–12 years) and adolescents (12–18 years). Conclusion: Few instruments could be recommended for immediate use as many required further validation. The Assessment Checklist questionnaires, designed with a developmental and attachment focus, were the most promising tools.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Relationship Between Frequency of Blast Exposure, mTBI History, and Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Lieb ◽  
Sorana Raiciulescu ◽  
Thomas DeGraba ◽  
Chandler Sours Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Blast Exposure ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Ohio State University

ABSTRACT Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are common conditions among military personnel that frequently co-occur. This study investigated relationships between self-reported blast exposure, mTBI history, and current post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in a population of active duty service members (n = 202) from the Intensive Outpatient Program at the National Intrepid Center of Excellence. Materials and Methods Participants were divided into four mTBI groups (0, 1, 2, and 3+) and four blast exposure groups (0-10, 11-100, 101-1,000, and 1,000+). Self-reported lifetime mTBI and blast history were obtained via the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method. PTSS severity was obtained via the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C). Several secondary measures of depression, anxiety, chronic mTBI symptoms, and sleep were also assessed. Results The total PCL-C scores differed significantly between mTBI groups, with significant differences detected between the 0/1 mTBI groups and the 3+ mTBI groups. Similar group differences were noted across the three PCL-C subgroup scores (avoidance, re-experiencing, and hyperarousal); however, when comparing the proportion of group participants meeting DSM-IV criteria for each symptom cluster, significant differences between mTBI groups were only noted for avoidance (P = .002). No group differences were noted in PTS symptom severity or distribution between blast groups. Conclusions This study demonstrates an association between lifetime mTBI history and PTS symptom severity and distribution but failed to identify the significant group in self-reported symptoms between the blast exposure groups. Results suggest that additional research is needed to understand the neurobiological mechanism behind these associations and the need for the development of precise assessment tools that are able to more accurately quantify significant lifetime sub-concussive and blast exposures experienced by service members in training and combat operations.

scholarly journals Association between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and bone fractures after the Great East Japan Earthquake in older adults: a prospective cohort study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumikazu Hayashi ◽  
◽  
Tetsuya Ohira ◽  
Hironori Nakano ◽  
Masanori Nagao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background It has been reported that psychological stress affects bone metabolism and increases the risk of fracture. However, the relationship between bone fractures and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of disaster-induced PTSD symptoms on fracture risk in older adults. Methods This study evaluated responses from 17,474 individuals aged ≥ 65 years without a history of fractures during the Great East Japan Earthquake who answered the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey component of the Fukushima Health Management Survey conducted in 2011. The obtained data could determine the presence or absence of fractures until 2016. Age, sex, physical factors, social factors, psychological factors, and lifestyle factors were subsequently analyzed. Survival analysis was then performed to determine the relationship between the fractures and each factor. Thereafter, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to identify fracture risk factors. Results In total, 2,097 (12.0%) fractures were observed throughout the follow-up period. Accordingly, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models showed that PTSD symptoms (total PTSD checklists scoring ≥ 44) [hazard ratio (HR): 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.44; P = 0.001], history of cancer (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.24–1.79; P < 0.001), history of stroke (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03–1.52; P = 0.023), history of heart disease (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.13–1.50; P < 0.001), history of diabetes (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09–1.39; P < 0.001), current smoking (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02–1.63; P = 0.036), and high dissatisfaction with sleep or no sleep at all (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.02–1.74; P = 0.035) promoted a significant increase in fracture risk independent of age and sex. Conclusions The present study indicates that disaster-induced PTSD symptoms and insomnia contribute to increased fracture risk among older adults residing in evacuation areas within the Fukushima Prefecture.

Economies of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-177
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Combat Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
Domestic Spaces ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic

This chapter explores the mediation of combat trauma and the reshaping of the people who have experienced it into receptacles for gratitude, pity, and anger. Building from a brief history of PTSD and TBI as diagnostic categories and objects of administrative calculation, the chapter explores how these conditions have become sites of affective investment. Reflecting on the ubiquitous mandate to ‘say thank you to the troops,’ the chapter historicizes the militarization of gratitude. This informs the subsequent analysis of the work of various charitable organizations for veterans. The chapter then analyzes the exacting standards by which the Department of Defense awards Purple Hearts for Traumatic Brain Injury (but refuses them for PTSD). In contrast to the DoD’s decidedly unsympathetic approach to PTSD, David Finkel’s bestselling non-fiction account Thank You for Your Service tracks how PTSD plays out, often violently, in domestic spaces. That book makes PTSD visible through intensely emotional scenes, while research efforts to make TBI clinically legible search for specific signs of the injury on posthumously donated brain tissue. The concluding section offers a different vantage on TBI, reflecting on veterans’ own efforts to make their brains visible to others.

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