Cardiovascular Reactivity in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder With High- or Low-Level Depressive Symptoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Yeh Wang ◽  
Chen-Huan Chiu ◽  
Hsin-Chien Lee ◽  
Chien-Tien Su ◽  
Pei-Shan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events

Depression increases the risk of adverse cardiac events. Cardiovascular reactivity is defined as the pattern of cardiovascular responses to mental stress. An altered pattern of cardiovascular reactivity is an indicator of subsequent cardiovascular disease. Because depression and adverse cardiac events may have a dose-dependent association, this study examined the differences in cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with high depression levels and those with low depression levels. Moreover, autonomic nervous system regulation is a highly plausible biological mechanism for the pattern of cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress. The association between cardiovascular reactivity and parameters of heart rate variability (HRV), an index for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity modulation, was thus examined. This study included 88 patients with MDD. HRV was measured before stress induction. The Stroop Color and Word Test and mirror star-tracing task were used to induce mental stress. We observed no significant association between depressive symptom level and any of the cardiovascular reactivity parameters. Cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress was comparable between patients with MDD with high-level depressive symptoms and those with low-level depressive symptoms. After adjusting for confounding variables, the high-frequency domain of HRV was found to be an independent predictor of the magnitude of heart rate reactivity (β = −.33, p = .002). In conclusion, the magnitude of cardiovascular reactivity may be independent of depression severity in patients with MDD. The autonomic regulation of cardiovascular responses to mental stress primarily influences heart rate reactivity in patients with MDD.

Cardiovascular Responses to Stress Utilizing Anticipatory Singing Tasks

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Owen Jump ◽  
Samantha Dockray
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Stress Induction ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Constituent Elements

Abstract. Models of psychobiological stress reactivity have a foundation in the measurement of responses to standardized stress tasks. Tasks with anticipatory phases have been proposed as an effective method of stress induction, either as a stand-alone task or replacement constituent elements for existing stressor paradigms. Tasks utilizing singing as a primary stressor have been proposed but the efficacy of these tasks have not been demonstrated while maintaining adherence to a resting/reactivity/recovery framework desirable for heart rate variability (HRV) measurement. This study examines the viability of an anticipatory sing-a-song task as a method for inducing mental stress and examines the utility of the task with specific reference to measures of cardiovascular reactivity and recovery activity, and standard protocols to examine HRV reactivity and recovery. Participants completed a dual task with a math task and an anticipation of singing component. Responses were examined according to a resting/reactivity/recovery paradigm and the findings indicate that the sing-a-song stimulus is effective in generating a stress response. Significant differences in heart rate and self-reported stress between baseline and stressor conditions were detected, with greater magnitude differences between baseline and anticipatory phases. This study has demonstrated the viability of the anticipation of singing as a standardized stressor using cardiovascular measures and has described variants of this task that may be used for repeated measures study designs.

scholarly journals Influence of Forest Therapy on Cardiovascular Relaxation in Young Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyoung Lee ◽  
Yuko Tsunetsugu ◽  
Norimasa Takayama ◽  
Bum-Jin Park ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Forest Environment

Background. Despite increasing attention toward forest therapy as an alternative medicine, very little evidence continues to be available on its therapeutic effects. Therefore, this study was focused on elucidating the health benefits of forest walking on cardiovascular reactivity.Methods. Within-group comparisons were used to examine the cardiovascular responses to walking in forest and urban environments. Forty-eight young adult males participated in the two-day field research. Changes in heart rate variability, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured to understand cardiovascular reactivity. Four different questionnaires were used to investigate the changes in psychological states after walking activities.Results. Forest walking significantly increased the values of ln(HF) and significantly decreased the values of ln(LF/HF) compared with the urban walking. Heart rate during forest walking was significantly lower than that in the control. Questionnaire results showed that negative mood states and anxiety levels decreased significantly by forest walking compared with urban walking.Conclusion. Walking in the forest environment may promote cardiovascular relaxation by facilitating the parasympathetic nervous system and by suppressing the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, forest therapy may be effective for reducing negative psychological symptoms.

Heart Rate Reactivity during Minor Mental Stress in Men in Their 50s and 70s

Gerontology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Faucheux ◽  
C. Dupuis ◽  
A. Baulon ◽  
F. Lille ◽  
F. Bourlière
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity

scholarly journals Heart Rate Reactivity to Mental Stress in Athlete and Non-Athlete Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (118) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Krisztina Ábel ◽  
Attila Rausz Szabó ◽  
Attila Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Arithmetic Task ◽  
Before And After

Background. Research suggests that exercise training and/or physical fitness may be associated with lower heart rate reactivity and faster recovery from psychosocial stress. This relationship was rarely studied in children despite the potential protective role of physical activity in stress that may start in early life stages. Methods. In this laboratory investigation we examined 18 athlete and non-athlete children before, during and following exposure to mental stress which consisted of the Stroop Color Word Task and a mental arithmetic task, both distracted by classical music, in a counterbalanced research design. Results. The results based on absolute heart rate measures suggested that athletes exhibited lower heart rates in the stress-anticipation period as well as during the stress period than non-athletes. However, based on relative measures these differences vanished. The two groups of children did not differ in perceived arousal, perceived stressfulness of the mental tasks, and the self-reported feeling states before and after stress. Further, they did not differ in their performance on the two stress-eliciting active-coping tasks as indicated by the number of correct answers. Conclusion. These results appear to suggest that athletic status in children is unrelated to heart rate reactivity and other subjective psychological experiences before, during and after acute psychosocial stress.  Keywords: adolescent, exercise, fitness, physical activity, relative measures.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability and Electrodermal Activity as Noninvasive Indices of Sympathovagal Balance in Response to Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Visnovcova ◽  
A. Calkovska ◽  
I. Tonhajzerova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Sympathovagal Balance ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Response To Stress

Abstract The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a principal regulatory system for maintaining homeostasis, adaptability and physiological flexibility of the organism at rest as well as in response to stress. In the aspect of autonomic regulatory inputs on the cardiovascular system, recent research is focused on the study of exaggerated/diminished cardiovascular reactivity in response to mental stress as a risk factor for health complications, e.g. hypertension. Thus, the analysis of biological signals reflecting a physiological shift in sympathovagal balance during stress in the manner of vagal withdrawal associated with sympathetic overactivity is important. The heart rate variability, i.e. “beat-to-beat” oscillations of heart rate around its mean value, reflects mainly complex neurocardiac parasympathetic control. The electrodermal activity could represent “antagonistic” sympathetic activity, the so-called “sympathetic arousal” in response to stress. The detailed study of the physiological parameters under various stressful stimuli and in recovery phase using traditional and novel mathematical analyses could reveal discrete alterations in sympathovagal balance. This article summarizes the importance of heart rate variability and electrodermal activity assessment as the potential noninvasive indices indicating autonomic nervous system activity in response to mental stress.

Is stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity a pathway linking positive and negative emotionality to carotid intima-media thickness?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Marie DuPont ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Stephen N. Manuck ◽  
Matthew Muldoon ◽  
J. Richard Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Positive Emotionality ◽  
Blood Pressure Reactivity ◽  
Pressure Reactivity

Stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity, trait positive emotionality, and negative emotionality are all associated with cardiovascular disease. It is unknown, however, whether cardiovascular reactivity may constitute a pathway by which trait positive or negative emotionality relates to disease risk. Accordingly, this study modeled the cross-sectional relationships between trait positive and negative emotionality, stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity, and severity of a subclinical vascular marker of cardiovascular risk, carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT). The sample consisted of healthy, midlife adults free from clinical cardiovascular disease (N = 286; ages 30-54; 50% female). Trait positive and negative emotionality were measured by three questionnaires. Heart rate and blood pressure reactivity were assessed across three stressor tasks. CA-IMT was assessed by ultrasonography. Latent factors of positive and negative emotionality, blood pressure reactivity, heart rate reactivity, and CA-IMT were created using structural equation modeling. Greater negative emotionality was marginally associated with more CA-IMT (β = .21; p = .049), but lower blood pressure reactivity (β = -.19; p = .03). However, heightened blood pressure (β = .21; p = .03), but not heart rate reactivity (β = -.05; p = .75), associated with greater CA-IMT. Positive emotionality was uncorrelated with cardiovascular reactivity (blood pressure: β = -.04; p = .61; heart rate: β = .16; p = .11) and CA-IMT (β = .16; p = .07). Although trait negative emotionality associates with a known marker of cardiovascular disease risk, independent of positive emotionality, it is unlikely via a stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity pathway.

scholarly journals The Effect of Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine on Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure in Young People and Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin F. Liang ◽  
Samuel Z. Lim ◽  
Wilson W. Tam ◽  
Cyrus S. Ho ◽  
Melvyn W. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Pre Treatment

Objectives: This meta-analysis aims to study the effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and a number of adverse cardiac events on patients receiving treatment for attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in comparison to placebo and between atomoxetine and methylphenidate. Methods: We searched the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect. Meta-analysis was performed on studies that examined the relationships between methylphenidate or atomoxetine and HR, SBP, as well as a number of adverse cardiac events. These studies were either placebo-controlled or comparison studies between methylphenidate and atomoxetine. Meta-regression identified patient- and treatment-related factors that may contribute to heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-two studies were included and the total number of participants was 46,107. Children/adolescents and adults treated with methylphenidate had more significant increases in post- vs. pre-treatment HR (p < 0.001) and SBP (p < 0.001) than those treated by placebo. Children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine had more significant increases post- vs. pre-treatment HR (p = 0.025) and SBP (p < 0.001) than those treated with methylphenidate. Meta-regression revealed mean age of participants, mean dose, and duration of atomoxetine and methylphenidate as significant moderators that explained heterogeneity. There were no differences in the number of adverse cardiac events between participants with methylphenidate treatment and placebo or atomoxetine. Conclusions: Children/adolescents and adults treated with methylphenidate resulted in significant increases in post- vs. pre-treatment HR and SBP as compared to placebo. Similarly, children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine had significant increases in post- vs. pre-treatment HR and SBP than those treated with methylphenidate. These findings have potential implications for continuous monitoring of HR and SBP throughout the course of treatment although the risk for adverse cardiac events were insignificant.

Cardiorespiratory and Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Prolonged Eccentric Cycling

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (07) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ophélie Ritter ◽  
Laurie Isacco ◽  
Mark Rakobowchuk ◽  
Nicolas Tordi ◽  
Davy Laroche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Concentric Exercise

AbstractOffering large muscle benefits despite low metabolic demand, continuous eccentric exercise appears to be an interesting alternative to concentric exercise. Nevertheless, further knowledge is needed about prolonged eccentric exercise. This work sought to investigate the cardiovascular responses to prolonged constant-load eccentric compared to concentric cycling. Ten healthy males performed two 45-min exercise sessions of either concentric or eccentric cycling separated by a month and matched for heart rate during the first 5 min of exercise. Cardiorespiratory, autonomic nervous system and vascular responses were assessed at rest, and during exercise and recovery. During cycling, oxygen uptake, cardiac output and systolic blood pressure were similar but heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were greater whereas stroke volume was lower during eccentric than concentric cycling (118±21 vs. 104±10 bpm; 77±9 vs. 65±8 mmHg; 122±12 vs. 135±13 mL). Baroreflex and noradrenaline concentration were altered during eccentric cycling, and after eccentric exercise, vascular tone was greater than after concentric cycling. We observed increased cardiovascular strain and altered baroreflex activity during eccentric compared with concentric exercise, suggesting eccentric cycling triggers greater sympathetic activity.

scholarly journals Blunted cardiovascular reactivity may serve as an index of psychological task disengagement in the motivated performance situations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Behnke ◽  
Adrian Hase ◽  
Lukasz D. Kaczmarek ◽  
Paul Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Heart Rate Reactivity ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Challenge And Threat ◽  
The Difference

AbstractChallenge and threat models predict that once individuals become engaged with performance, their evaluations and cardiovascular response determine further outcomes. Although the role of challenge and threat in predicting performance has been extensively tested, few studies have focused on task engagement. We aimed to investigate task engagement in performance at the psychological and physiological levels. We accounted for physiological task engagement by examining blunted cardiovascular reactivity, the third possible cardiovascular response to performance, in addition to the challenge/threat responses. We expected that low psychological task engagement would be related to blunted cardiovascular reactivity during the performance. Gamers (N = 241) completed five matches of the soccer video game FIFA 19. We recorded psychological task engagement, heart rate reactivity, and the difference between goals scored and conceded. Lower psychological task engagement was related to blunted heart rate reactivity during the performance. Furthermore, poorer performance in the previous game was related to increased task engagement in the subsequent match. The findings extend existing literature by providing initial evidence that blunted cardiovascular reactivity may serve as the index of low task engagement.

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