scholarly journals Psychoeducation Intervention Effectiveness to Improve Social Skills in Young People with ADHD: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472199755
Author(s):  
Lauren Amy Powell ◽  
Jack Parker ◽  
Anna Weighall ◽  
Valerie Harpin
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Young People ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Psychoeducational Interventions

Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be associated with limited understanding of the condition and poor social skills. Some evidence favors a psychoeducational approach, but little is known about the effectiveness of psychoeducation. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing psychoeducational interventions that aim to improve social skills of young people with ADHD. Results: Ten studies, including 943 participants, reported across 13 papers met the inclusion criteria. Although effect sizes were small, findings suggest the included interventions significantly improved social skills in young people with ADHD. Conclusions: Results show promise for psychoeducational behavioral interventions . However, the recommendations that can be developed from existing evidence are somewhat limited by the low quality of studies. Further rigorous trials are needed. In addition, future research should consider the long-term outcomes for these interventions, they should be iteratively co-designed and research should consider the context they intend to be delivered in.

Improvements in Interpersonal Functioning Following Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) with Adolescents and their Association with Change in Depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan H. Spence ◽  
Gabrielle O’Shea ◽  
Caroline L. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Young People ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Treatment

Background: This study adds to the body of evidence regarding the theoretical underpinnings of interpersonal psychotherapy and the mechanisms through which it impacts upon depression in adolescents. Aims: The aims were to determine whether the interpersonal constructs proposed to underpin interpersonal psychotherapy do indeed change in response to this therapy and whether such changes are associated with changes in depression in young people. Method: Thirty-nine adolescents, aged 13–19 years, with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, were randomly assigned in blocks to group or individual treatment. Assessments were conducted at pre and posttreatment, and 12-month follow-up. Results: The results supported the hypotheses, with significant improvements in social skills, social functioning, and the quality of parent-adolescent relationships, and an increase in secure attachment style and decrease in insecure attachment style being evident following treatment. Benefits were maintained at 12-month follow-up. Adolescents who showed greater reductions in depressive symptoms over this period tended to also show greater improvement in parent reported social skills, quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, and attachment style from pretreatment to 12-month follow-up. Conclusions: The findings are consistent with the proposed underpinnings of interpersonal psychotherapy. Adolescents showed significant improvements in interpersonal functioning and changes in attachment style following treatment, and changes in social skills, parent-adolescent conflict and attachment style were associated with reductions in depression. As such, the results add to the body of knowledge regarding the construct validity of interpersonal psychotherapy as an intervention for depression in young people. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Chronic kidney disease long-term outcomes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Beaulieu ◽  
Catherine Weber ◽  
Nadia Zalunardo ◽  
Adeera Levin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Specific Outcome

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a variety of outcomes, some of which are directly and indirectly related to kidney disease, but which ultimately impact on patients’ quality of life and long-term outcomes. The events to which people with CKD are exposed ultimately determine their risk and prognosis of both progression to needing renal replacement therapy, or other morbidities and mortalities. The notion of competing risk is important. The five major outcomes of CKD are: progression of CKD, progression to ESRD (either dialysis or transplantation); death; cardiovascular events; infections; and hospitalizations. Where data is available, not only the risk of the specific outcome, but the factors which may predict those outcomes are described. Each section describes what is currently known about the frequency of the outcome, the limitations of that knowledge, the risk factors associated with outcome, and implications for care and future research. Available published literature often describes outcomes in CKD populations as if it is a homogenous group of patients. But it is well documented that outcomes in those with CKD differ depending on stage or severity, and whether they are or are not known to specialists. Where possible, each section ensures that the specific CKD cohort(s) from which the information is derived is clearly described.

Long-term outcomes in syncope patients presenting to the emergency department: A systematic review

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Cameron W. Leafloor ◽  
Patrick Jiho Hong ◽  
Muhammad Mukarram ◽  
Lindsey Sikora ◽  
Jesse Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Patients At Risk

ABSTRACTIntroductionLong-term outcomes among syncope patients are not well studied to guide physicians regarding outpatient testing and follow-up. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review for outcomes at 1-year or later among ED syncope patients.MethodsWe searched Cochrane Central, Medline, Medline in Process, PubMed, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing databases from inception to December 2018. We included studies that reported long-term outcomes among ED syncope patients. We excluded studies on patients <16 years old, studies that included syncope mimickers (pre-syncope, seizure, intoxication, loss of consciousness after head trauma), case reports, letters to the editor, non-English and review articles. Outcomes included death, syncope recurrence requiring hospitalization, arrhythmias and procedural interventions for arrhythmias. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling the outcomes using random effects model.ResultsInitial literature search generated 2,094 articles duplicate removal. Of the 50 articles selected for full-text review, 19 articles with 98,211 patients were included in this review: of which 12 were included in the 1-year outcome meta-analysis. Pooled analysis showed : 7.0% mortality; 16.0% syncope recurrence requiring hospitalization; 6.0% with device insertion. 1-year arrhythmias reported in two studies were 1.1 and 26.4%. Pooled analysis for outcome at 31 to 365 days showed: 5.0% mortality and 1% device insertion. Two studies reported 4.9% and 21% mortality at 30 months and 4.2 years follow-up.ConclusionsAn important proportion of ED syncope patients suffer long-term morbidity and mortality. Appropriate follow-up is needed and future research to identify patients at risk is needed.

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Craniopharyngiomas with Intraventricular Extension: Long-Term Outcomes and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Algattas ◽  
Pradeep Setty ◽  
Ezequiel Goldschmidt ◽  
Eric W. Wang ◽  
Elizabeth Tyler-Kabara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽  
Endonasal Approach ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal
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