Intensity of Cultivation and Kin Group Discreteness among Tropical Shifting Cultivators

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
John Frechione ◽  
Richard Scaglion
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Of Cultivation ◽  
Shifting Cultivators

Sprouting, succession and tree species diversity in a South African coastal dune forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Fred Nzunda
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
South African ◽  
Coastal Dune ◽  
Regeneration Pattern ◽  
Disturbance Frequency ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Chronic Disturbance ◽  
Diameter Frequency Distribution ◽  
Shifting Cultivators ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract:Sprouting may play a significant role in maintenance of plant diversity where prevailing disturbance frequency and severity allows. When disturbance frequency and severity decrease, strong sprouters may be outcompeted. As a result, species composition and diversity may change. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between sprouting, succession and species diversity in a coastal dune forest that currently suffers from low-severity, chronic disturbance due to sea winds and loose sand substrate. Historically, the site was occupied by shifting cultivators who left the site about 80 y ago. Data on trees that were at least 1.3 m tall from 42 sample plots measuring 20 × 20 m were used. The plots were ranked in order of advancement of succession using the first axis of Principal Components Analysis of forest structural variables. Regeneration pattern was examined using analysis of stem diameter frequency distribution. Abundance and regeneration of strong basal sprouters, incidence of basal sprouting and species diversity decreased with advancement of succession. Only a few species could regenerate under the canopy of late-successional sites. Basal sprouts decreased with advancement of succession whereas trunk sprouts increased. These results suggest that maintenance of high species diversity may need a level of disturbance that allows regeneration and maintenance of strong basal sprouters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of size distribution of starch granules in selected wheat varieties by the Low Angle Laser Light Scattering method

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Capouchová ◽  
J. Petr ◽  
D. Marešová
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Laser Light Scattering ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Intensity Of Cultivation ◽  
Total Starch

    The distribution of the size of wheat starch granules using the method LALLS (Low Angle Laser Light Scattering), followed by the evaluation of the effect of variety, experimental site and intensity of cultivation on the vol. % of the starch A (starch granules > 10 μm) was determined. The total starch content and crude protein content in dry matter of flour T530 in selected collection of five winter wheat varieties were determined. Vol. % of the starch A in evaluated collection of wheat varieties varied between 65.31 and 72.34%. The effect of a variety on the vol. % of starch A seemed to be more marked than the effect of site and intensity of cultivation. The highest vol. % of starch A reached evaluated varieties from the quality group C, i.e. varieties unsuitable for baking utilisation (except variety Contra with high total content of starch in dry matter of flour T530, but relatively low vol. % of starch A). A low vol. % of starch A was also found in the variety Hana (very good variety for baking utilisation). Certain variety differences followed from the evaluation of distribution of starch fractions of starch granules, forming starch A. In the case of varieties Hana, Contra and Siria higher representation of fractions up to 30 μm was recorded, while starch A in the varieties Estica andVersailleswas formed in higher degree by size fractions of starch granules over 30 μm and particularly size fraction > 50 μm was greatest in these varieties of all evaluated samples. With increasing total starch content in dry matter of flour T530 the crude protein content decreased; the vol. % of starch A not always increased proportionally with increasing total starch content.

Productivity of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) as an effect of diversified farming systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Faligowska ◽  
Katarzyna Panasiewicz ◽  
Grazyna Szymañska ◽  
Jerzy Szukala ◽  
Wieslaw Koziara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
High Input ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Diversified Farming Systems ◽  
Intensity Of Cultivation ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Lupinus Albus L

A one–factor field experiment with white lupin cv. Butan was conducted in the years 2011–2015 in Gorzyñ (52°33’53 N, 15°53’42 E; Poland). The factor consisted of farming systems: low-input (LI), medium-input (MI) and high-input (conventional-CONV). The lowest weed density and biomass were found in CONV and the highest in LI. The weather conditions significantly influenced yielding. Each year the highest yield was found in CONV and significantly lowest in LI. On an average, the highest increase in the seed yield was obtained following increasing intensity of cultivation from LI to MI (20.3%). Farming systems did not influence the chemical composition of seeds. The highest protein yield was found in CONV (804 kg ha-1) and significantly lower – by about 6% in MI and about 19% in LI. The highest income and the lowest cost of production for 1 t of seeds and protein were recorded for LI.

scholarly journals The strategy of shifting cultivators in West Kalimantan in adapting to the market economy: empirical evidence behind gaps in interdisciplinary communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1015-1035
Author(s):  
Prudensius Maring
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Village Communities ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
Shifting Cultivators

Issues of climate change and expansion of large-scale land acquisition for industrial plantations continue to ravage the shifting cultivation system that 300–500 million subsistence farmer households depend on. In Indonesia, particularly in Kalimantan and Sumatera, village communities continue to practice shifting cultivation amidst the conversion of lands into industrial plantations. The rampant conversion of farmer's land by large scale companies based in the market economy has resulted in the decline of the shifting cultivation system, and compelled them to enter commercial production. I employed qualitative methods, conducting in-depth interviews and observations in West Kalimantan in 2018. Shifting cultivation today is not just for subsistence, but it is also a strategy to maintain claims to land that has been handed over to companies. Concurrently, people have been developing community plantations using industrial commodities such as rubber and oil palm, which still incorporate subsistence features. The changes occurring in villages have led to conflict since land availability has reduced, while the alternative of working for forestry and plantation companies is hampered by their lack of skills and knowledge. Theoretically, this study indicates the need for communication and synergy between the perspectives of political ecology and cultural ecology in order to understand the socio-politico-economic complexities haunting the village community's alterations in subsistence strategies. The practical implications are that land-based village development should open up communication among stakeholders and position village communities as the key beneficiary in the long run.Keywords: Shifting cultivation, land conversion, adaptation strategy, market economy, political ecology, Kalimantan, Indonesia

scholarly journals Review Note on Shifting Cultivation in Northeast India amidst Changing Perceptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Ratna Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Value System ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Shifting Cultivators

Historically, shifting cultivation has been traced back to the neolithic period. It has undergone transitions from being a subsistence agriculture to small surpluses. Despite the global changes intruding into the socio-economic sphere of the tribal communities across Northeastern region of India, shifting cultivation continues to play an important role in providing livelihoods and food security to the rural tribal households. It seems that shifting cultivation is closely tied to the cultural identity of the tribal people. Therefore, its importance lies beyond mere economic concerns. Though with government interventions and under innovative shifting cultivation, the farmers in the region have switched to newer methods of cultivation, shifting cultivation continues parallel to sedentary cultivation accommodating at the same time the value system and needs of the tribal society. Concurrently, the Jhumias – shifting cultivators are constantly incorporating new measures into shifting cultivation to make it ecologically less destructive. Amidst changing perceptions on shifting cultivation practices, the paper tries to analyse the continuance of shifting cultivation in the region.

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