Export Performance: A Conceptualization and Empirical Assessment

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviv Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Export Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
Export Marketing ◽  
Definition Of

Export performance has been a central construct in the study of export marketing. Several studies have attempted to identify organizational and managerial antecedents of export performance and assess the relative importance of these antecedents. However, despite these fruitful efforts, there is little agreement in the literature about a conceptual definition of export performance, as well as about its operational definition. This article follows up on two previous articles that dealt with export performance conceptually (Madsen 1987; Shoham 1991) and uses a similar, three-dimensional conceptualization of export performance. This conceptualization is explored empirically with data from 93 Israeli exporters. The data indicate that there are indeed three dimensions to export performance, though the structure of these dimensions is somewhat different from expectations.

scholarly journals The EXPERF Scale: A Cross-National Generalized Export Performance Measure

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoming Zou ◽  
Charles R. Taylor ◽  
Gregory E. Osland
Keyword(s):  
Export Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Managerial Practice ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Cross National

A large number of studies have attempted to identify factors that are correlated with exporting success. However, much controversy exists about the key determinants of export performance and their relative importance. A major reason for this lack of consensus is the absence of a unified measure for capturing export performance. In this study, an attempt is made to develop a generalized export performance measure, the EXPERF scale, that can be applied to multiple countries. Results from a survey of top executives of U.S. and Japanese exporters support a three-dimensional scale for measuring export performance. The three dimensions of the export performance (EXPERF) scale are financial export performance, strategic export performance, and satisfaction with export venture. Implications of the study for further research and managerial practice are also discussed.

A generalized Archie’s law for n phases

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. E247-E265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. J. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Archie’S Law ◽  
Phase Volume Fraction ◽  
General Law ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Definition Of

Archie’s law has been the standard method for relating the conductivity of a clean reservoir rock to its porosity and the conductivity of its pore fluid for more than [Formula: see text]. However, it is applicable only when the matrix is nonconducting. A modified version that allows a conductive matrix was published in 2000. A generalized form of Archie’s law is studied for any number of phases for which the classical Archie’s law and modified Archie’s law for two phases are special cases. The generalized Archie’s law contains a phase conductivity, a phase volume fraction, and phase exponent for each of its [Formula: see text] phases. The connectedness of each of the phases is considered, and the principle of conservation of connectedness in a three-dimensional multiphase mixture is introduced. It is confirmed that the general law is formally the same as the classical Archie’s law and modified Archie’s law for one and two conducting phases, respectively. The classical second Archie’s law is compared with the generalized law, which leads to the definition of a saturation exponent for each phase. This process has enabled the derivation of relationships between the phase exponents and saturation exponents for each phase. The relationship between percolation theory and the generalized model is also considered. The generalized law is examined in detail for two and three phases and semiquantitatively for four phases. Unfortunately, the law in its most general form is very difficult to prove experimentally. Instead, numerical modeling in three dimensions is carried out to demonstrate that it behaves well for a system consisting of four interacting conducting phases.

scholarly journals Quantitative Stereological Analysis of Grain Bonds in Snow

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (72) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Kry
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Section Plane ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Stereological Analysis ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Plane Disk ◽  
Circular Plane

A section-plane preparation technique and an operational definition of a snow grain bond are developed to allow the quantitative analysis of bonding in snow structure. Values for three-dimensional grain size, grain-bond size and number density, and related bonding measurements are presented for equi-temperature metamorphosed snow. These results from mutually orthogonal planes within a given snow block show that the assumptions of randomness and isotropy of grain and grain-bond location and orientation, necessary for stereological analysis from one plane, are satisfied to within ± 10% even after 30% uniaxial plastic deformation of the snow block. The idealization of a grain bond as a circular plane disk yields self-consistent results. The number of bonds per grain cannot be accurately determined from two-dimensional studies due to variations in the shape and size of snow grains within a given sample.

scholarly journals X-ray analysis of the structure of dibenzyl II—Fourier analysis

1935 ◽  
Vol 150 (870) ◽  
pp. 348-362 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Benzene Rings ◽  
Definition Of

The first part of this work described the analysis of the structure by trial and gave some account of the experimental measurements. It was shown that in contrast with planar aromatic structures like naphthalene and diphenyl, the dibenzyl molecule in the crystal extends in three dimensions. In the molecular model which gave the best explanation of the results the planes of the benzene rings were at right angles to the plane containing the zig-zag of the connecting CH 2 groups. On the basis of this approximation the experimentally determined structure factors for three zones of reflections have now been subjected to a double Fourier analysis, and the results, given below, lead to a more precise definition of the orientation and give a more direct approach to the details of the molecular structure and dimensions. In the final result the regular three-dimensional model is slightly modified, the planes of the benzene rings being apparently turned from 13° to 16° out of the symmetrical position.

scholarly journals Content analysis of clinical indicators for Impaired gas exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Maia Pascoal ◽  
Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Viviane Martins da Silva ◽  
Camila Maciel Diniz ◽  
Marília Mendes Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the relevance of clinical indicators and the clarity and precision of conceptual and operational definitions of the diagnosis Impaired gas exchange. Methods Content analysis, by 39 nurse judges, divided into the phases of conceptual definition of the phenomenon of interest, construction of the structure of the phenomenon of interest and analysis of the judges on the built structure. Results From the 22 indicators, 21 were considered relevant Impaired gas exchange. The indicators that obtained absolute relevance were Cyanosis, Hypercapnia, Hypoxemia and Tachycardia. The indicator Headache upon waking did not show any statistically significant relevance for the diagnosis. All conceptual and operational definitions were clear and precise. Conclusion The indicators listed for Impaired gas exchange were relevant to the phenomenon, except Headache upon waking because it does not correspond to a safe manifestation to identify the diagnosis, according to the analysis of the judges. Each conceptual and operational definition was adequate for its indicator.

Operationally defining family SMEs: a critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Roffia ◽  
Stefania Moracchiato ◽  
Eric Liguori ◽  
Sascha Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Family Smes ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of

PurposeIn this study, we investigated the dilemma of devising an operational family business definition in the SME context. The existing family business literature mostly agrees with the validity of a theoretical model called F-PEC, which identifies family businesses by evaluating three dimensions: power, experience, and culture. Nonetheless, empirical studies on family SMEs still use just one or a few elements with many different thresholds to operationally define family SMEs, highlighting an unsolved definitional divergence among scholars, which limits the possibility of investigating the potential effects of family attributes on firms’ goals, structures, processes, and performance.Design/methodology/approachEmploying ancestry searching, online databases, and issue-by-issue searches from two decades (1990–2019), we analyzed 255 empirical studies that specified a family business’s operational definition (despite posing different research questions) and used a sample of small-sized and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).FindingsResults showed ownership and governance/management are the most used elements in the operational definitions provided in the literature to date, but that there still is not a universally adopted operational definition of family SMEs in use today.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first to comprehensively analyze and review the operationalized use of family SME definitions in the literature.

7. The Role of the Member States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Wong
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Member States ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Identity Reconstruction ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
European Union Member States

This chapter examines the viability of Europeanization as an alternative approach to understanding the foreign policies of European Union member states. It first considers the meanings of Europeanization before proposing an operational definition of Europeanization, linking and contrasting it with the dominant European integration theories, namely neo-functionalism and intergovernmentalism. Three dimensions of Europeanization in national foreign policy are discussed: adaptation and policy convergence, national projection, and identity reconstruction. The chapter also compares Europeanization and intergovernmentalism in the study of national foreign policy and concludes with an overview of challenges involved in Europeanization research. It argues that the Europeanization concept, despite lacking theoretical consistency, remains useful and explains why this is so.

THE FREEDMAN-TOWNSEND MODEL IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (09) ◽  
pp. 2005-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G.C. MCKEON
Keyword(s):  
Configuration Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transverse Component ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Nonlinear Sigma Model ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Space Formalism ◽  
Vector Theory ◽  
Definition Of

Using a mechanism similar to that employed by Freedman and Townsend in four dimensions, we discuss a variety of two- and three-dimensional gauge theories. The simplest of these models is equivalent to the nonlinear sigma model; another corresponds to a massive vector theory. In three dimensions, there exists a gauge invariance associated with the auxiliary vector ϕμa; when we quantize, this is accommodated using both the Batalin-Vilkovisky configuration space formalism and the Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky configuration space formalism. Explicit one-loop calculations in the simplest two-dimensional model are carried out. The regularization used is a variant of operator regularization, allowing one to remain in two dimensions, hence circumventing problems associated with definition of the antisymmetric tensor εμν. This model is renormalizable, with renormalization mixing the scalar field ϕa and the transverse component of the vector field Vμa.

scholarly journals Quantitative Stereological Analysis of Grain Bonds in Snow

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (72) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Kry
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Section Plane ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Stereological Analysis ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Plane Disk ◽  
Circular Plane

A section-plane preparation technique and an operational definition of a snow grain bond are developed to allow the quantitative analysis of bonding in snow structure. Values for three-dimensional grain size, grain-bond size and number density, and related bonding measurements are presented for equi-temperature metamorphosed snow. These results from mutually orthogonal planes within a given snow block show that the assumptions of randomness and isotropy of grain and grain-bond location and orientation, necessary for stereological analysis from one plane, are satisfied to within ± 10% even after 30% uniaxial plastic deformation of the snow block. The idealization of a grain bond as a circular plane disk yields self-consistent results. The number of bonds per grain cannot be accurately determined from two-dimensional studies due to variations in the shape and size of snow grains within a given sample.

A Hybrid-Agent-Based Approach for Block Break Definition Using Fuzzy Logic

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
Kevin Ferrie ◽  
Mark H. Spicknall
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Preference Representation ◽  
Hybrid Agent ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Structure Assembly

This paper presents a hybrid-agent-based methodology for defining block breaks using fuzzy logic mechanisms for agent preference representation and mediation. The concept of a hybrid agent is defined, and the fuzzy-logic-based mechanisms for defining the preferences of individual agents and then deriving joint preferences are described. Working examples are given for defining blocks and associated breaks in the hold area and engine room of the notional fast sealift ship PD-337. The agents jointly defining the block breaks in these examples are a structure manufacturing planner, a structure assembly planner, and an outfitting planner. Excel spreadsheets are used in these examples to execute the fuzzy-based operations. This methodology has proven to be straightforward, to provide useful results, and to have the potential to improve the efficiency and optimality of block definition. The methodology could be effectively integrated into the detail/production design process and could also be applied to the definition of other planning units, such as outfit units and on-board outfitting zones. Areas of further research include exploring within the hybrid agent and fuzzy-based context (1) the ability to define breaks in all three dimensions simultaneously rather than sequentially where simultaneous three-dimensional optimization is necessary, (2) dynamic break definition where a break location is dependent to some extent on the location of adjacent breaks, (3) the simultaneous consideration of preferences from lifting/weight and planning/work content agents that use block attributes other than location to determine if breaks are satisfactory, and (4) the development of an integrated and user-friendly tool for block break definition for use in the production planning or build strategy development process.

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