Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole-Associated Pseudomembranous Colitis

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Oral Vancomycin ◽  
Stool Cultures

A case of TMP/SMX-associated pseudomembranous colitis is described in a patient being treated for a urinary tract infection. Pseudomembranes are visualized on proctosigmoidoscopy, and stool cultures identified Clostridium difficile as the causative organism. The patient was treated successfully with oral vancomycin. A review of this infrequently reported adverse reaction to TMP/SMX is presented, emphasizing etiology and treatment.

AN OUTBREAK OF URINARY TRACT AND OTHER INFECTIONS DUE TO E. COLI

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-871
Author(s):  
Avron Y. Sweet ◽  
Emanuel Wolinsky
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stool Cultures

In a premature infant nursery 3 infants died of E. coli infections and 5 babies contracted urinary tract infection due to E. coli within a 5-month period. The causative organisms were found to be resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and sulfisoxazole, and sensitive to kanamycin, polymyxin B, and nitrofurantoin. From throat and stool cultures of 25 infants in the nursery, E. coli with this susceptibility pattern were recovered from 13. Of these, 9 were serotype 04:H5 and one was group 04 but nonmotile. Isolates from the urine of 3 infants with urinary tract infection and meninges of one fatal case were serotype 04:H5. Stool cultures revealed group 04 E. coli only in infants with that organism in the throat. The findings indicate that an outbreak of infections due to E. coli 04:H5 had occurred as a consequence of widespread colonization with that organism in a premature infant nursery. The unusual incidence of urinary tract infection due to a specific E. coli serotype indicates that urosepsis in the newborn can occur in epidemic form.

Infection Control in Surgical Practice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline E. Reinke ◽  
Rachel R. Kelz ◽  
Elizabeth A Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Preventive Strategies

Health care–associated infections (HAIs) are those that are acquired while patients are being treated for another condition in the health care setting. HAIs are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, with 75,000 deaths attributable to HAIs each year. This review outlines the evolution of HAI as a quality metric and introduces key governmental and professional organization stakeholders. The role of the local infection control program is also discussed. Using the example of surgical site infection, we detail the multitude of factors that contribute to the occurrence of an HAI, evidence-based preventive strategies, and systems-based programs to reduce preventable infections. Specific diagnostic criteria and preventive strategies are also introduced for catheter-associated urinary tract infection, central line–associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, Clostridium difficile infection, and various multidrug-resistant organisms. This review contains 3 figures, 9 tables, and 74 references. Key words: catheter-associated urinary tract infection, central line–associated bloodstream infection, Clostridium difficile, hospital-acquired infection, infection, quality, surgical site infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia 

Infection Control in Surgical Practice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline E. Reinke ◽  
Rachel R. Kelz ◽  
Elizabeth A Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Preventive Strategies

Health care–associated infections (HAIs) are those that are acquired while patients are being treated for another condition in the health care setting. HAIs are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, with 75,000 deaths attributable to HAIs each year. This review outlines the evolution of HAI as a quality metric and introduces key governmental and professional organization stakeholders. The role of the local infection control program is also discussed. Using the example of surgical site infection, we detail the multitude of factors that contribute to the occurrence of an HAI, evidence-based preventive strategies, and systems-based programs to reduce preventable infections. Specific diagnostic criteria and preventive strategies are also introduced for catheter-associated urinary tract infection, central line–associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, Clostridium difficile infection, and various multidrug-resistant organisms. This review contains 3 figures, 9 tables, and 74 references. Key words: catheter-associated urinary tract infection, central line–associated bloodstream infection, Clostridium difficile, hospital-acquired infection, infection, quality, surgical site infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia 

Taking on Clostridioides difficile

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-157
Author(s):  
Jennifer Meddings ◽  
Vineet Chopra ◽  
Sanjay Saint
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile

The adaptive approach used in the previous chapters to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is applied to an initiative to prevent Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection. These two initiatives differ regarding their scope, the members of their teams, and the elements of their bundles. For preventing C. difficile, for example, the most important bundle item is antimicrobial stewardship since the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics vastly increases a person’s risk of becoming infected. Infectious diseases physicians or clinical pharmacists are to examine the circumstances of antimicrobial prescriptions they have filled to see whether they meet infection prevention standards; if not, the prescribing physician will receive prompt feedback. Differences aside, the basic elements of the CAUTI framework apply, from the C-suite’s decision to go ahead with the initiative to the tactics used to sell the C. difficile bundle to the hospital staff.

scholarly journals Uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern: A retrospective study in a district level hospital in Western Nepal

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Manoj Ghimire ◽  
Sudeep Adhikari ◽  
Kalpana Ghimire ◽  
Bishal Tiwari ◽  
Soni Koju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of hospital visits. There is an increasing trend of resistance of uropathogens to antibiotics worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the common uropathogens, along with their antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2018 to April 2020 at Beni hospital. All patients with urinary tract infection visiting Beni hospital during this time and who had urine culture sensitivity tests done were included in this study. Urine samples were first cultured on cystine lactose electrolyte-deficient agar by a semi-quantitative technique, and then incubated aerobically for 18–24 h at 37 °C. The identified bacterial isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: Of the 1173 samples, 164 (14%) samples showed significant growth. Escherichia coli (74%) was the most common causative organism. E. coli was sensitive in 113 cases (95%) out of 119. Amikacin was tested in 87 isolates that showed 99% sensitivity. Other commonly used antimicrobial agents had lower sensitivity rates: gentamicin (83%), ciprofloxacin (75%), ceftriaxone (59%), cefixime (56%), cotrimoxazole (55%), cefotaxime (41%), and ampicillin (38%). Conclusions: E.coli is the most common pathogen associated with urinary tract infection. Nitrofurantoin and amikacin can be good empirical agents for treating UTI in patients coming to Beni hospital.

scholarly journals Prevalence of urinary tract infection in malnourished children aged 6 months to 5 years attending tertiary care centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1814
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar A. ◽  
Thannoli Gowthami Gowrinathan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Urinary Tract Abnormality ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Infections are more common in malnourished children, as result of impaired immunity. Unexplained fever and failure to thrive are the common presenting features of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. In malnourished children, UTI is mostly asymptomatic and is leading to pyelonephritis and renal scarring. The study was done with the aim to evaluate and find out the prevalence of urinary tract infection in malnourished children between 6 months to 5 year and to find out the causative organism and antibiotic sensitivity pattern.Methods: A total of 180 cases of malnourished children were enrolled and clean catch midstream urine sample was collected for urine culture, according to WHO criteria of malnutrition. Children with urinary tract abnormality were excluded from the study. Renal USG was done in all urine culture positive cases.Results: Total of 174 cases was present after exclusion. Of 174 children, 27 (15.5%) children were having UTI. In this study, 37% of children are asymptomatic. E. coli is the commonest organism causing UTI 16 (59%). Other organism are Klebsiella pneumonia 4 (14.9%), Proteus mirabilis 3 (11.1%), and Pseudomonas 3 (11.1%). The order of antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was amikacin (100%)> ciprofloxacin (81.4%)> cefotaxime (7%). Other common drugs have developed resistance to these organisms.Conclusions: Our observations conclude that malnourished children with fever of unknown origin are at risk of UTI. Hence, urine analysis and culture tests are to be done to all malnutrition cases for assisting to diagnose the bacterial infection and providing the appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Reducing risk of Clostridium difficile infection and overall use of antibiotic in the outpatient treatment of urinary tract infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Y. Ge ◽  
Helene B. Fevrier ◽  
Carol Conell ◽  
Malika N. Kheraj ◽  
Alexander C. Flint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Moderate Risk

Background: Risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (CA-CDI) following antibiotic treatment specifically for urinary tract infection (UTI) has not been evaluated. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2007–2010, to assess antibiotic prescribing and other factors in relation to risk of CA-CDI in outpatients with uncomplicated UTI. Cases were diagnosed with CA-CDI within 90 days of antibiotic use. We used matched controls and confirmed case-control eligibility through chart review. Antibiotics were classified as ciprofloxacin (most common), or low risk (nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim), moderate risk, or high risk (e.g. cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, clindamycin) for CDI. We computed the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationship of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated UTI and history of relevant gastrointestinal comorbidity (including gastrointestinal diagnoses, procedures, and gastric acid suppression treatment) with risk of CA-CDI using logistic regression analysis. Results: Despite the large population, only 68 cases were confirmed with CA-CDI for comparison with 112 controls. Female sex [81% of controls, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 6.3, CI 1.7–24), past gastrointestinal comorbidity (prevalence 39%, OR 2.3, CI 1.1–4.8), and nongastrointestinal comorbidity (prevalence 6%, OR 2.8, CI 1.4–5.6) were associated with increased CA-CDI risk. Compared with low-risk antibiotic, the adjusted ORs for antibiotic groups were as follows: ciprofloxacin, 2.7 (CI 1.0–7.2); moderate-risk antibiotics, 3.6 (CI 1.2–11); and high-risk antibiotics, 11.2 (CI 2.4–52). Conclusions: Lower-risk antibiotics should be used for UTI whenever possible, particularly in patients with a gastrointestinal comorbidity. However, UTI can be managed through alternative approaches. Research into the primary prevention of UTI is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Chromobacterium violaceum: A Rare Cause of Urinary Tract Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Laghu ◽  
Manami Yanagawa ◽  
Konosuke Morimoto ◽  
Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Length Of Treatment ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Chief Complaints

A 41-year-old man with a neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury (SCI) attended the outpatient department with chief complaints of fever, pain in the lower abdomen, and persistent hematuria for 10 days. From the urine culture and the microbiological and biochemical tests, the causative organism was identified as Chromobacterium violaceum. The isolate was resistant to cephalosporins, while it was sensitive to ofloxacin, gentamicin, and imipenem. Clinicians should be aware of this rare cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), the choice of antibiotic, length of treatment, and necessity of prompt treatment in SCI patients.

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