The Impact of Subsidies and Charging Facilities on Demand for Electric Vehicles in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohui Ma ◽  
Pingping Gao ◽  
Hui Tan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Demographic Effect ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Electrical Vehicle ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The Chinese government has announced a trial programme to provide for private purchase of new battery-operated electric vehicles (EVs) and for plug-in hybrids in five cities. We investigate the potential impact of these subsidies and charging facilities on demand for EVs, using data from a survey of potential car buyers in China. Building on the understanding of factors and incentives that would likely encourage households to adopt EVs would help to improve policy interventions. Data collection is based on experimental design and stated choice methods through an Internet survey. Choice alternatives include a conventional gasoline, a plug-in hybrid and a pure electrical vehicle. In addition to subsidy and charging facilities, we also investigate the impact of common vehicle attributes such as purchase price, cruising range, refuelling time and the socio-demographic effect. Applying a multinomial logit (MNL) model, we find that subsidies would significantly encourage households to choose a plug-in hybrid or an EV. Compared to pure EVs, people in China are more willing to accept plug-in hybrids at present. Compared to the price factors, charging facilities are less of a concern when households consider the adoption of an EV. Willingness-to-pay and market share simulation are computed based on the estimated parameters for further analysis.

scholarly journals The impact of the reduction of consumption subsidies on the industrial chain of new energy vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Mao
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Government ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Industrial Chain ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Vehicle Market ◽  
New Energy Vehicles

In recent years, in order to promote the independent development of the new energy vehicle industry, Chinese government has decided to reduce the consumption subsidies for new energy vehicles until the subsidies are completely withdrawn. The reduction of consumption subsidy has a great impact on the production and sales of new energy vehicles in the whole vehicle market. However, does the reduction of this subsidy also have an impact on other enterprises in the new energy vehicles industry chain? This paper tests this problem using data from 2016 to 2018, and finds, through empirical analysis, that during the period of subsidy decline, the profitability of component enterprises is significantly positively correlated with this subsidies, while the r&d investment of enterprises is significantly negatively correlated with this subsidies. The results show that in terms of profitability, the reduction of consumer subsidies not only has an impact on the whole vehicle industry of new energy vehicles, but also has an adverse impact on the core component companies in the industrial chain. However, in terms of r&d, the reduction of subsidies has more negatively strengthened the input and attention of R&D in component companies.

A Balancing Act of Regulating On-Demand Ride Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 2975-2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Joey Yu ◽  
Christopher S. Tang ◽  
Zuo-Jun Max Shen ◽  
Xiqun Michael Chen
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
City Council ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Taxi Industry ◽  
The Impact

Regulating on-demand ride-hailing services (e.g., Uber and DiDi) requires a balance of multiple competing objectives: encouraging innovative business models (e.g., DiDi), sustaining traditional industries (e.g., taxi), creating new jobs, and reducing traffic congestion. This study is motivated by a regulatory policy implemented by the Chinese government in 2017 and a similar policy approved by the New York City Council in 2018 that regulate the “maximum” number of registered Uber/DiDi drivers. We examine the impact of these policies on the welfare of different stakeholders (i.e., consumers, taxi drivers, on-demand ride service company, and independent drivers). By analyzing a two-period dynamic game that involves these stakeholders, we find that, without government intervention, the on-demand ride service platform can drive the traditional taxi industry out of the market under certain conditions. Relative to no regulations and a complete ban policy, a carefully designed regulatory policy can strike a better balance of multiple competing objectives. Finally, if a government can reform the taxi industry by adjusting the taxi fare, then lowering the taxi fare instead of imposing a strict policy toward on-demand ride services can improve the total social welfare. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.

scholarly journals Effect of Ambient Temperature on Electric Vehicles’ Energy Consumption and Range: Model Definition and Sensitivity Analysis Based on Nissan Leaf Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iora ◽  
Laura Tribioli
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Battery Model ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, a general quasi-steady backward-looking model for energy consumption estimation of electric vehicles is presented. The model is based on a literature review of existing approaches and was set up using publicly available data for Nissan Leaf. The model has been used to assess the effect of ambient temperature on energy consumption and range, considering various reference driving cycles. The results are supported and validated using data available from an experimental campaign where the Nissan Leaf was driven to depletion across a broad range of winter ambient temperatures. The effect of ambient temperature and the consequent accessories consumption due to cabin heating are shown to be remarkable. For instance, in case of Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS), simplified FUDS (SFUDS), and New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) driving cycles, the range exceeds 150 km at 20 °C, while it reduces to about 85 km and 60 km at 0 °C and −15 °C, respectively. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is reported to assess the impact of the hypotheses in the battery model and of making different assumptions on the regenerative braking efficiency.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investments and Productivity Growth in the Agri-Food Sector of Eastern Europe and Central Asia: An Empirical Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Ath. Kaditi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
Foreign Affiliates ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Since the beginning of transition, Eastern European and Central Asian (ECA) countries compete against one another in attracting foreign investors by offering ever more generous incentive packages. Recent empirical research provides though little support for the idea that foreign direct investments (FDI) have a positive effect on local economies. This paper examines then whether FDI benefits are sufficient to justify the kind of policy interventions seen in practice. Analysis focuses on the impact of the increasing presence of multinationals on the economic development of transition economies in ECA through the generation of vertical and horizontal spillovers. Our theoretical model shows that policies which promote FDI are more likely to be justified on welfare grounds if multinationals engage in technology transfer that improves local suppliers' productivity, multinationals' technological advantage over the local competitors is only moderate, and the establishment of foreign affiliates does not lower the local processors' market share. Using data from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys (BEEPS), empirical research suggests, however, that foreign investments are more likely to have a positive impact on their local suppliers, and a negative one on their local competitors, implying that the second and third conditions are unlikely to hold.

scholarly journals Temperature and population density influence SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the absence of nonpharmaceutical interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (25) ◽  
pp. e2019284118
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Smith ◽  
Seth Flaxman ◽  
Amanda S. Gallinat ◽  
Sylvia P. Kinosian ◽  
Michael Stemkovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Epidemiological Modeling ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
The Impact

As COVID-19 continues to spread across the world, it is increasingly important to understand the factors that influence its transmission. Seasonal variation driven by responses to changing environment has been shown to affect the transmission intensity of several coronaviruses. However, the impact of the environment on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains largely unknown, and thus seasonal variation remains a source of uncertainty in forecasts of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here we address this issue by assessing the association of temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, and population density with estimates of transmission rate (R). Using data from the United States, we explore correlates of transmission across US states using comparative regression and integrative epidemiological modeling. We find that policy intervention (“lockdown”) and reductions in individuals’ mobility are the major predictors of SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates, but, in their absence, lower temperatures and higher population densities are correlated with increased SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Our results show that summer weather cannot be considered a substitute for mitigation policies, but that lower autumn and winter temperatures may lead to an increase in transmission intensity in the absence of policy interventions or behavioral changes. We outline how this information may improve the forecasting of COVID-19, reveal its future seasonal dynamics, and inform intervention policies.

scholarly journals Pensions and social inclusion in an ageing China

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1335-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUOYUN ZHU ◽  
ALAN WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe inclusive development strategy proposed by the Chinese government embraces social inclusion for older people. In line with most developing countries, China's policy on social inclusion for older people focuses almost exclusively on material security in the form of pensions. This paper examines the impact of pensions on social inclusion for older people across four dimensions: family interaction, social support, social participation and self-assessment using data from the 2014 China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey. The results demonstrate that pensions improve dramatically the relationships between older adults and their family members and friends, and therefore their social inclusion in the life world. The exception is social participation which seems to be immune to material income effects. However, the stratified pension system in China generates complex and hierarchical effects on social inclusion among different sub-groups. Social inclusion among older people with high exclusion risks but low pensions is very sensitive to pension levels. Conversely, most pensions are distributed to those with the lowest exclusion risks as a result of the disappearance of their impact on social inclusion. We argue that future social inclusion policies for older people in China should focus first on achieving greater equality in pensions.

scholarly journals Student Volunteering in China and Canada:Comparative Perspectives

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Hustinx ◽  
Femida Handy ◽  
Ram A. Cnaan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The West ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Volunteer Participation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

While many of the theoretical frameworks for volunteering have been developed and empirically tested in the west, our understanding of volunteering in non-Western countries, such as China, is relatively limited. Nevertheless, in recent decades enormous efforts have been made by the Chinese government to encourage and support volunteering among its citizens, especially youth. Chinese youth are volunteering in greater numbers in response to these initiatives. Given the strongly state-led nature of volunteering in China, as opposed to the voluntary, more citizen-initiated nature of volunteering in Western societies, this paper seeks to understand the impact of these contextual differences on student volunteering. Using data from 1892 questionnaires completed by university students in China and Canada, we examine differences in their volunteering. The findings show clearly the impact of the differences in socio-political structures that are reflected in the nature of students’ volunteer participation and perceived benefits.

scholarly journals Environment influences SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the absence of non-pharmaceutical interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P Smith ◽  
Seth Flaxman ◽  
Amanda S Gallinat ◽  
Sylvia P Kinosian ◽  
Michael Stemkovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Policy Intervention ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Impact

As COVID-19 continues to spread across the world, it is increasingly important to understand the factors that influence its transmission. Seasonal variation driven by responses to changing environment has been shown to affect the transmission intensity of several coronaviruses. However, the impact of the environment on SARS-CoV-2 remains largely unknown, and thus seasonal variation remains a source of uncertainty in forecasts of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here we address this issue by assessing the association of temperature, humidity, UV radiation, and population density with estimates of transmission rate (R). Using data from the United States of America, we explore correlates of transmission across USA states using comparative regression and integrative epidemiological modelling. We find that policy intervention (`lockdown') and reductions in individuals' mobility are the major predictors of SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates, but in their absence lower temperatures and higher population densities are correlated with increased SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Our results show that summer weather cannot be considered a substitute for mitigation policies, but that lower autumn and winter temperatures may lead to an increase in transmission intensity in the absence of policy interventions or behavioural changes. We outline how this information may improve the forecasting of SARS-CoV-2, its future seasonal dynamics, and inform intervention policies.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

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