Awais Model Farms: Crop Decision

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Kamran A. Chatha ◽  
Zunair Talat ◽  
Abdullah Naeem ◽  
Shazib E. Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Expected Profit ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Cost

Saeed Anwar, the sole proprietor of Awais Model Farms (AMF), had to make a decision regarding whether to grow corn or cotton in the fall season. Although he knew the key parameters affecting the decision, he was not able to reach any conclusion because of the numerous uncertainties involved in the decision-making process. His son, Awais Saeed, tried to come up with an Excel model to help his father make the decision. Awais discussed the key uncertainties with experts (farmers) and gathered all the cost and revenue data. The decision maker, Saeed Anwar, wanted to ascertain which crop he should grow on the basis of greater expected profit.

scholarly journals Active cutaneous warming systems to prevent intraoperative hypothermia: a systematic review

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa de Brito Poveda ◽  
Edson Zangiacomi Martinez ◽  
Cristina Maria Galvão
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Intraoperative Hypothermia ◽  
The Cost

This study analyzed the evidence available in the literature concerning the effectiveness of different active cutaneous warming systems to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. This is a systematic review with primary studies found in the following databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and Medline. The sample comprised 23 randomized controlled trials. There is evidence in the literature indicating that the circulating water garment system is the most effective in maintaining patient body temperature. These results can support nurses in the decision-making process concerning the implementation of effective measures to maintain normothermia, though the decision of health services concerning which system to choose should also take into account its cost-benefit status given the cost related to the acquisition of such systems.

scholarly journals RISK OF OVERINVESTMENT IN MUNICIPALITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Satoła
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost

This article describes investment activities of self-government territorial units. Its aim is to present the importance of investments for the provision of public services by municipalities. The opinions of the respondents about the causes of excessive or misguided investments and the ways of reducing their scale were presented. Surveys were conducted in 2015 and the temporal scope of the analysis is 2009–2014. The importance of investments for the provision of public services, shaping the living conditions of inhabitants, and conducting business activity were described. Based on that, overinvestment was identified as a negative trend in public resources management. The most frequent causes of excessive investment are megalomania of the municipality authorities and their desire to gain the support of the inhabitants (voters). Another important aspect is the lack of sufficient social control in the decision-making process regarding investment tasks execution. It was also demonstrated that overinvestment is due to the purpose of spending financial resources, not to the relative amount of investment expenses. Among the actions preventing excessive or misguided investments, the cost and benefit analysis was indicated the most often. Using strategic planning tools is also beneficial for the effectiveness of investing in self-government.

scholarly journals Support of decision-making under risk by a risk-averse decision-maker

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Łodziński
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Discrete Problem ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
State Of The Environment

The paper presents the decision support under risk by the risk averse decision maker. Decision making under risk occurs when the result of the decision is not unequivocal and depends on the state of the environment. The decision making process is modeled with the use of multi-criteria optimization. The decision is made by solving the problem with the control parameters that determine the decision maker's aspirations and the evaluation of the solutions received. The decision maker asks the parameter for which the solution is determined. Then, evaluate the solution received accepting or rejecting it. In the second case, the decision maker gives a new parameter value and the problem is solved again for the new parameter. The work includes an simple discrete problem of decision support under risk

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Media Sosial pada Usaha XYZ

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nuraini Arifianti ◽  
Nunuk Adiarni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
Content Evaluation ◽  
Marketing Messages

The social media is currently not only used for social friendship but also for business purpose.The people use line, whatshapp, instagram and facebook. Related to business goals, the content is made possible by availability of the applications to convey marketing messages to customers. This requires creative message and content creators, which work in team with decision maker and administrator. However, it’s need  to continuously manage it. This study was aimed to find out how the management of social media in XYZ businesses using descriptive qualitative. Instagram management implemented by XYZ starts from setting target customers to the content evaluation process. However, it has not comprehensively been managed unless it responds to negative comments from followers. The results of the study prove that using the social media such as Instagram in marketing requires management by planning, organizing and decision making process for creative content and followed by an evaluation and handling follower responses.

Who Should be Involved in the Selection Of Venous Access Devices?

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Cynthia Chernecky ◽  
Katherine Nugent ◽  
Jennifer L. Waller ◽  
Denise Macklin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Vascular Access Devices ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The purposes of this study were to describe who should be involved in the vascular access device (VAD) decision-making process, according to patients and caregivers, and to describe if there were differences associated with persons involved in the selection of VADs according to race and gender. Convenience sample included 32 oncology out-patients and 10 caregivers from the southern United States. There were differences by race and sex in decision-making priorities of patients with vascular access devices indwelling; however, these were not statistically significant. Patients, physicians, and oncology nurses were viewed by both patients and caregivers as significant to the decision-making process. In contrast, caregivers were ranked as the least significant by both patients and caregivers. Females chose the physician as the primary decision-maker while males chose the patient as the primary decision-maker.

scholarly journals Capacity Allocation and Compensation in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain under Uncertain Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jiaquan Yang ◽  
Xumei Zhang ◽  
Yating Huang ◽  
Jiafu Su ◽  
Sang-Bing Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Expected Profit ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Direct Selling ◽  
Channel Conflict ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Decentralized Decision Making ◽  
Capacity Uncertainty ◽  
Dual Channel Supply Chain

The dual-channel supply chain is widely adopted by main manufacturers, potentially incurring channel conflicts between the traditional retail channel which is owned by the independent retailer and the online channel which is directly managed by the manufacturer. The purpose of this paper is to deal with the scenario where channel conflicts may arise under production capacity uncertainty, when the manufacturer tends to privilege the direct selling channel over the retail selling channel. To achieve the goal, this paper establishes a Stackelberg game model consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer, studies the scenario where the manufacturer satisfies the direct selling channel first in the presence of capacity uncertainty, employs the decision optimization and the backward induction method to find the optimal inventory decision in the direct selling channel and the optimal order quantity decision making in the retail selling channel, and designs a compensation mechanism aiming to coordinate the channel conflict in the decentralized decision-making process. Results show that the optimal decisions aiming to maximize the expected profit of each supply chain member are not able to maximize the expected profit of entire dual-channel supply chain. However, when the manufacturer compensates the retailer’s profit loss based on the unsatisfied order and, in the meantime, adjusts the wholesale price to prevent the retailer which obtains the compensation from increasing order significantly, the compensation mechanism can coordinate the decision of each supply chain member, mitigate the channel conflict, maximize the expected profit of entire dual-channel supply chain, and achieve the Pareto improvement of supply chain members’ expected profit in the decentralized decision-making process.

scholarly journals The impact of information technology in decision making process of companies in Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Emin Qerim Neziraj ◽  
Aferdita Berisha Shaqiri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Business Process ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Business

Before the decision makers set much higher requirements in the decision-making than ever before due to the environment of decision-makers subject to change under the influence of progress and development of new technologies, networking individual or organization inside and the outside environment, and modern means of communication enabling continuous inflow, flow and sharing of data and information. In these modern conditions the process of collecting, analyzing, selecting data and information to make informed decisions in the context of possible restrictions and the available options, and ultimately making decisions as the basis for future business or behavior, is not simplified. The use of new technologies in the decision-making process provided numerous opportunities to facilitate decisions selection. However, the decision maker should still be able to differentiate which knowledge should be used to serve in decision making, and which models, methods, tools, systems, and procedures to be used in certain situations, with the purpose of successful decision selection. In this paper, we will examine the decision making process during the business process of the companies in Kosovo.

scholarly journals Missing in Analysis: Women in Foreign Policy–Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Karen E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Policy Decision Making

Abstract Foreign policy analysis (FPA) opens the “black box” of the state and provides explanations of how and why foreign policy decisions are made, which puts individuals and groups (from committees to ministries) at the center of analysis. Yet the sex of the decision-maker and the gendered nature of the decision-making process have generally been left out of the picture. FPA has not addressed questions regarding the influence of women in foreign policy decision-making processes or the effects of gender norms on decision-making; indeed, FPA appears to be almost entirely gender-free. This article argues that “gendering” FPA is long overdue and that incorporating gender into FPA frameworks can provide a richer and more nuanced picture of foreign policy–making.

scholarly journals Patients as equal partners in decision-making: The global reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anubha Taneja Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come

Decision making is an inherently complicated procedure, which by its very nature requires the decision-maker to co-opt all the stakeholders concerned. The procedure of decision-making may vary from country to country, depending on its size, culture, history and special demographic circumstances. Around the world, key decision-makers include the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. While the distribution of powers between these three may vary in tandem with their relation to each other, their roles remain the same. While the legislature enacts laws for its citizens, the executive, popularly known as the government, implements these laws and while doing so promulgates policies that are in alignment with the said laws. Mostly, the executive is also authorised to promulgate some laws of its own. The judiciary, on the other hand, comes into the picture when there is a dispute with regard to such laws. It also steps in on its own at times. While settling such disputes, the judiciary also ends up setting what we know as precedents, which also become a part of the legal fabric of a society. In a nutshell, these three are the key decision makers in any country. As mentioned above, while making decisions, these authorities are mostly required to co-opt all the stakeholders concerned, thereby making decision making a consultative process. These stakeholders include think tanks, research bodies, media and most importantly the affected party. The reason for having such a consultative procedure in place is that the decision makers are not experts in every subject or issue that comes their way. For instance, when a need to promulgate a national policy on thalassemia presents itself to a certain government, whether it be owing to media reportage or representations from the civil society, the decision makers will look towards people considered to be the experts in the subject to come forward and be a part of the policy making. One could say that this sounds like an ideal situation where the government actually invites people concerned with thalassemia to come forward and share views about it for the purpose of policy making. It is, however, true! It is as true for India as it is for any developed country. What we must ensure then is that the government or the decision maker considers us, the patients, as the experts. While it does sound obvious that those impacted with the disorder would be the ones with the first-hand knowledge about the disorder, the very fact that there is a topic in this conference on the role of patients in decision making speaks volumes about the distance that remains to be covered by the patients of thalassemia as far as participation in decision-making is concerned. With the massive strides in the field of medical science and the unflinching support of organisations like Thalassemia International Federation (TIF), we have now reached the stage where we must step out of the victim mode and represent ourselves before the decision-makers, whether by forming Patients Advocacy Groups or otherwise. One may take cue from various associations around the world. Global HD Organisations are a good example. They are known to have got together to give patients a voice in clinical research. The most popular strategy for reaching out to the decision makers is to unite, engage, and partner both in private meetings and consultative fora like events, task forces and projects. “Unite, Engage & Partner” can therefore be the most successful mantra for engaging with the decision makers. Talking of examples of advocacy and participation by patients, while there are numerous examples in Europe and North America of the power of patient advocacy so much so that patients are on the same level as doctors when it comes to voicing opinions in policy making, TIF on an international level has created since 2009 the Expert Patients Programme, and is now moving forward in giving patients a voice through its educational platform. Recently, India also launched its first Thalassemia Patients Advocacy Group (PAG) in the august presence of the Deputy Chief Minister of the capital of the country. The India PAG has seven patients from the fields of law, psychology, education and IT. The Group is already involved with the government on the formulation of the National Thalassemia Policy. This is a great start and this should give enough and more encouragement to thalassemics across the world to UNITE, ENGAGE AND PARTNER in the process that impacts them the most – decision-making!

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