A 600-year-long stratigraphic record of tsunamis in south-central Chile

The Holocene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Hong ◽  
Tina Dura ◽  
Lisa L Ely ◽  
Benjamin P Horton ◽  
Alan R Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
History Of ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Coastal River ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Sand Beds

The stratigraphy within coastal river valleys in south-central Chile clarifies and extends the region’s history of large, earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis. Our site at Quidico (38.1°S, 73.3°W) is located in an overlap zone between ruptures of magnitude 8–9 earthquakes in 1960 and 2010, and, therefore, records tsunamis originating from subduction-zone ruptures north and south of the city of Concepción. Hand-dug pits and cores in a 3-m-thick sequence of freshwater peat in an abandoned meander (a little-examined depositional environment for tsunami deposits) and exposures along the Quidico River show five sand beds that extend as much as 1.2 km inland. Evidence for deposition of the beds by tsunamis includes tabular sand beds that are laterally extensive (>100 m), well sorted, fine upward, have sharp lower contacts, and contain diatom assemblages dominated by brackish and marine taxa. Using eyewitness accounts of tsunami inundation, 137Cs analyses, and 14C dating, we matched the upper four sand beds with historical tsunamis in 2010, 1960, 1835, and 1751. The oldest prehistoric bed dates to 1445–1490 CE and correlates with lacustrine and coastal records of similar-aged earthquakes and tsunamis in south-central Chile.

The Large House at Dystos in Euboea

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Luce
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
City Wall ◽  
South Central ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Large House

The site of ancient Dystos in south-central Euboea deserves to be better known. The imposing circuit of the city wall with its main gate and eleven towers bears comparison with the fort at Eleutherae or the walls of Messene or Thasos. The numerous remains of private houses are of considerable interest for the history of Greek domestic architecture.

scholarly journals Urban Growth and Flood Disasters in the Coastal River Basin of South-Central Chile (1943–2011)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio Rojas ◽  
María Mardones ◽  
Carolina Rojas ◽  
Carolina Martínez ◽  
Luis Flores
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Coastal River

scholarly journals Reawakening of large earthquakes in south central Chile: The 2016 M w 7.6 Chiloé event

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 6633-6640 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ruiz ◽  
M. Moreno ◽  
D. Melnick ◽  
F. del Campo ◽  
P. Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Location factors and dynamics of tree plantation expansion in two coastal river basins in south-central Chile: basis for land use planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Fernando Peña-Cortés ◽  
Cristian Vergara-Fernández ◽  
Jimmy Pincheira-Ulbrich ◽  
Francisco Aguilera-Benavente ◽  
Natalia Gallardo-Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
Coastal River

scholarly journals Good vibrations: living with the motions of our unsettled planet

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-327
Author(s):  
Tamsin Badcoe ◽  
Ophelia Ann George ◽  
Lucy Donkin ◽  
Shirley Pegna ◽  
John Michael Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Broadband Seismometer ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Convective Motions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract. By its very nature Earth is unsettled and in continual motion. Earthquakes and volcanoes are an expression of the convective motions of the planet, and our existence on Earth is a consequence of this tectonic activity. Yet, as humans, we often struggle to understand our role in relation to such unpredictable natural phenomena and use different methods to attempt to find order in nature's chaos. In dwelling on the surface of our “unsettled planet”, we adapt and live with a range of ground vibrations, both natural and anthropogenic in origin. Our project, funded by the University of Bristol's Brigstow Institute, seeks to explore how we perceive and understand the shaky ground we live on, using an interdisciplinary approach that brings together the Earth sciences, the history of art and literature, and performance art. Inspired by historical commentary in the aftermath of large earthquakes, which frequently notes the unscheduled ringing of church bells excited by the shaking around them, we reflect on how these purported unscheduled bell-ringing events were caused not only by near earthquakes but also by distant incidents. To investigate this phenomenon, we installed a state-of-the-art broadband seismometer in the Wills Memorial Building tower to record how Great George (the tower bell) responds to the restless world around him. The installed seismometer has been recording activity around and within the tower on a near-continuous basis between late-March 2018 and January 2019. Here, we present the signals recorded by the seismometer as Great George overlooks the hustle and bustle of the city around him and investigate how connected we are to our unsettled planet, even from our tectonically quiet setting in Bristol. We find that the seismometer not only shows the ebb and flow of activity in and around Bristol but also registers earthquakes from as nearby as Lincolnshire, UK, or as far away as Fiji, halfway around the world. In order to contextualize our findings, our project also considers what determines how people have responded to earth-shaking events, drawing on both historical and recent examples, and looks to contemporary art practice to consider how an awareness of our unsettled planet can be communicated in new ways. The project has led to a number of art installations and performances, and feedback from artists and audiences shows how making art can be used to both investigate our connections with the Earth and to articulate (and even accept) the uncertainties inherent in encountering unstable ground.

scholarly journals Mass wasting at the base of the south central Chilean continental margin: the Reloca Slide

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Völker ◽  
W. Weinrebe ◽  
J. H. Behrmann ◽  
J. Bialas ◽  
D. Klaeschen
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Gravity Core ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
James Cook ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
South Central ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Offshore south central Chile (35° S–42° S), the morphology of the lowermost continental slope and trench floor witnesses a voluminous submarine mass-wasting event. The blocky slide body deposited in the Chile Trench at 73°46´ W 35°35´ S was targeted for study during RRS JAMES COOK Cruise JC23 and termed Reloca Slide. Its size of about 24 km3, its steep and high headscarp, the spatial distribution of slide deposits and the cohesive nature of major slide blocks make it interesting to address the issue of tsunami generation. We have obtained seismic reflection data that partly reveal the internal structure of the slide body. Gravity core samples were retrieved that will allow the slide to be dated and linked to the history of sedimentation and slope stability along this particular segment of the Chilean convergent margin. At present we assume a Holocene age for the sliding event.

Early post-fire succession in a Nothofagus glauca forest in the Coastal Cordillera of south-central Chile

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Creighton M. Litton ◽  
Rómulo Santelices
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Coastal Cordillera ◽  
South Central ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temperate Deciduous ◽  
Early Succession ◽  
In Fire

The temperate deciduous species Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser exhibits characteristics commonly found in fire-adapted vegetation, yet the role of fire in the evolutionary history of the vegetation in south-central Chile has not been well investigated. We examined the effects of a wildfire on early succession in a Nothofagus glauca forest in the Coastal Cordillera of south-central Chile by comparing data from a burned forest to the vegetation in an adjacent, unburned stand.

scholarly journals Religious Architecture in Pécs during the Period of Ottoman Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Róbert Major ◽  
Balázs Kósa
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South

Abstract In today’s increased pace of life there are some things with incomparable meanings that we are getting too used to. Because of this, architects today play a very big role in the defense of the legacy of our architecture. It is our duty and responsibility to keep defending this legacy, but not stop at just the level of simple preservation. The city of Pécs is filled with architectural remains from different time periods, but most of all buildings from the era of Ottoman Hungary. This architectural heritage was left from one of the bloodiest time periods from the history of our country, and it has become a symbol for the city. In the shadow of the Ottoman Empire, Pécs became an important trading and cultural center, being a bridge between east and west, north and south. While some of the buildings left from this era were brought to public awareness, a lot of them were forgotten, and only a few people know about the architectural treasures the city holds. In this paper I would like to highlight some of the forgotten Ottoman heritage, focusing on the religious buildings. As a conclusion to this paper, I would like to present an architectural plan to bring attention to these buildings.

scholarly journals Coastal Evolution in a Wetland Affected by Large Tsunamigenic Earthquakes in South-Central Chile: Criteria for Integrated Coastal Management

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1467
Author(s):  
Carolina Martínez ◽  
Einer Sepúlveda-Zúñiga ◽  
Mauricio Villagrán ◽  
Octavio Rojas ◽  
Matías Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Management ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Integrated Coastal Management ◽  
Spartina Densiflora ◽  
Coastal Evolution ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
Large Earthquakes

The coastal evolution of the microtidal Tubul-Raqui wetland in south-central Chile (36° S), which historically has been affected by large earthquakes and tsunamis, particularly the 1960 (Mw = 9.5) and 2010 (Mw = 8.8) subduction earthquakes and their associated tsunamis, is analyzed. Historical aerial photographs and topographic and bathymetric surveys from the 1961–2017 period, as well as salinity, sediment, and flora data obtained following the 2010 earthquake were used for comparison with data from prior to the event. A steady state of the shoreline was established, with an average erosion rate of −0.016 m/year in the 1961–2017 period. However, erosion predominated in the period between these two large earthquakes (1961–2009), with an average rate of −0.386 m/year. The wetland dried up, partially recovered saline intrusion a year later, and recovered the salinity conditions it had before the earthquake two years later. The postearthquake effects on the floristic composition were not significant, with the species Spartina densiflora, which presented a high tolerance to these types of changes, predominating. Moreover, 75 percent of the taxa in pre- and postearthquake conditions coincided, with the halophyte species Spartina densiflora, Sarcocornia fructicosa, and Cotula coronopifolia predominating, while the best-conserved community was Spartina-Sarcocornia association located in the saltmarsh. Seven years after the earthquake, the shoreline presented an accretion rate of 2.935 m/year; if the current tectonic conditions prevail, an erosive trend can be expected in the coming decades. The morphological variability and the changes associated with the shoreline in this wetland are strongly controlled by tectonic factors. Criteria aimed at integrated coastal management to promote its occupancy and use in accordance with its evolutionary dynamics are proposed.

History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Gregorovius ◽  
Annie Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages
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