scholarly journals Personality, Retirement, and Cognitive Impairment: Moderating and Mediating Associations

2020 ◽  
pp. 089826432096908
Author(s):  
Jason E. Strickhouser ◽  
Angelina R. Sutin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Ffm Personality Traits ◽  
Retirement Status ◽  
Retirement Study

Objectives: Five-factor model (FFM) personality traits, including higher conscientiousness and lower neuroticism, are associated with lower risk of dementia and cognitive impairment. In this research, we test whether retirement status moderates and/or mediates the relation between personality and cognitive impairment. Method: We used data from the Health and Retirement Study ( N = 9899), a longitudinal study of Americans over the age of 50 years, to examine moderating and mediating associations between personality traits and retirement status on risk of dementia and cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND) over an 8–10 year follow-up. Results: Personality and retirement each had strong, independent associations with risk of dementia and CIND. There were not, however, strong or consistent, moderating or mediating associations between personality and retirement predicting impairment risk. Discussion: Overall, these results indicate that personality and retirement are independent risk factors for incident cognitive impairment. Mechanisms other than retirement are likely to explain this association.

scholarly journals Pathways from early life SES to dementia risk in old age: The role of personality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda A Sesker ◽  
Páraic S O’Súilleabháin ◽  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
Damaris Aschwanden ◽  
Martina Luchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Objective This study investigates the association between childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) and risk of cognitive impairment in older adulthood, and whether Five Factor Model personality traits mediated this association. Methods A sample of 9,995 participants (mean age = 67.01 years) from the Health and Retirement Study were followed every two years from 2006 to 2018. cSES was tested as a predictor of risk of dementia and risk of cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND). Personality was tested as a mediator of these associations. Models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, race, education, and baseline year. Results Although effect sizes were modest, results indicated that lower cSES was associated with higher risk of dementia (HR=0.88, [0.775, 0.985]). Higher cSES was also associated with higher Conscientiousness and lower Neuroticism. Conscientiousness and Neuroticism each accounted for 7.9% of the total effect of cSES on dementia. Results were similar for CIND. Conclusions Early childhood socioeconomic factors may contribute to cognitive impairment in older adulthood, an association mediated, in part, through adult personality traits.

scholarly journals PERSONALITY TRAITS AND VERBAL FLUENCY IN 10 COHORTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S777-S778
Author(s):  
Antonio Terracciano ◽  
Angelina R Sutin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Personality traits are associated with cognitive outcomes across the lifespan, including cognitive function in young adulthood and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in old age. This study examined the association between the Five Factor Model personality traits and verbal fluency in 10 cohorts (11 samples) that totaled more than 90,000 participants (age range 16-101). Meta-analysis indicated that participants who scored lower in Neuroticism, and higher in Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness retrieved more words, independent of age, gender, and education. These associations were consistent across semantic and letter fluency tasks. Moderation analysis indicated that the associations between personality and semantic fluency were stronger in older samples (except for Openness) and among individuals with lower education. This pattern suggests that these associations are stronger in groups vulnerable to cognitive impairment and dementia. Personality traits have pervasive associations with fluency tasks that are replicable across samples and age groups.

Authenticity matters more than intelligence and personality in predicting metacognition

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan S. Chiaburu ◽  
Inchul Cho ◽  
Richard Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
Ffm Personality Traits

Purpose – Metacognition – or learning how to learn – is an important competence in business and academic settings. The purpose of this paper is to examine individual difference predictors of metacognition, including two traditional (general mental ability (GMA), five-factor model (FFM) personality traits) ones, and a novel one, individual authenticity. Design/methodology/approach – Volunteers (n=243) were asked to rate the extent to which they agreed with the respective statements on a seven-point Likert-type scale for GMA, FFM personality traits, and authenticity measures. Data were collected at different points in time to introduce psychological separation among the study measures. Findings – The authors found that while metacognition is not predicted by GMA, it is positively predicted by two of the five-factor model personality traits, conscientiousness, and extraversion. More importantly, the authors examined that individuals’ authenticity – in the form of (low) self-alienation – will enhance metacognition, over-and-above the previously mentioned predictors. Originality/value – The authors attempt to broaden the understanding of authenticity and its relationship with another important outcome construct, metacognition along with GMA and personality traits, in academic settings.

scholarly journals Cortical morphometry of the five-factor model of personality: Findings from the Human Connectome Project full sample

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Michael Owens ◽  
Courtland Hyatt ◽  
Joshua Gray ◽  
James MacKillop ◽  
Lawrence Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ffm Personality Traits ◽  
Area And Volume

This study is a conceptual replication of an existing large study (N = 507) on the surface-based morphometric correlates of Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits. Using another large sample drawn from the same population (N = 597), results were aggregated from both samples (N = 1104), providing the largest investigation into the neuroanatomical correlates of FFM personality traits to date. Multiple clusters of significant brain by personality associations were found in the aggregate sample, including one for Openness with cortical thickness in the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), one for Agreeableness with thickness in the left DLPFC, and one for Agreeableness with area and volume in the right DLPFC. Clusters were also found for Neuroticism with cortical surface area in the right DLPFC, for Neuroticism with cortical thickness in the DLPFC and medial prefrontal cortex, and for Neuroticism with area and volume in the cuneus. While many regions found in the prior study were confirmed in the new and full samples, others were not, highlighting the challenges in replicating even high-quality, well-powered studies. As a whole, the current results provide the strongest evidence to date on the neuroanatomical correlates of personality.

scholarly journals The Impact of Personality on the Physical Activity and Alcohol Use Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
J.K. Boland ◽  
C.E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Physical Activity ◽  
The Impact

Studies have shown positive associations between levels of physical activity and alcohol use at both between-persons and within-person levels. This relationship has been of interest to researchers developing physical activity-based treatments for alcohol use disorders, which have had mixed results, one reason perhaps being because they have not controlled for individual differences. The current study investigated whether differences in Five-Factor Model personality traits moderated the physical activity-alcohol use relationship in an undergraduate sample (N = 263). Results showed lifestyle physical activity, extraversion, and neuroticism were each predictive of alcohol use, but there were no interaction effects among these variables, indicating that personality traits do not impact the strength of this relationship. Therefore, individuals high in traits of extraversion or neuroticism are not specifically at risk for increased alcohol use when participating in physical activity. If exercise-based interventions for alcohol use disorders are implemented, individuals high in extraversion and neuroticism continue to possess independent risk factors for alcohol use.

scholarly journals Cortical morphometry of the five-factor model of personality: Findings from the Human Connectome Project full sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Michael Owens ◽  
Courtland Hyatt ◽  
Joshua Gray ◽  
NATHAN T CARTER ◽  
James MacKillop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Brain Morphometry ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Morphometric Index ◽  
Ffm Personality Traits

This study is a replication of an existing large study (N = 507) on the surface-based morphometric correlates of Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits. The same methods were used as the original study in another large sample drawn from the same population (N = 597) with results then being aggregated from both samples (N = 1104), providing the largest investigation into the neuroanatomical correlates of FFM personality traits to date. Clusters of association between brain morphometry and each FFM trait are reported. For Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Openness, and Conscientiousness clusters of association were found in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for at least one morphometric index. Morphometry in various other regions was also associated with each personality trait. While some regions found in the original study were confirmed in the replication and full samples, others were not, highlighting the importance of replicating even high-quality, well-powered studies. Effect sizes were very similar in the replication and whole samples as those found in the original study. As a whole, the current results provide the strongest evidence to date on the neuroanatomical correlates of personality and highlights challenges in using this approach to understanding the neural correlates of personality.

scholarly journals No evidence for morphometric associations of the amygdala and hippocampus with the five-factor model personality traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Gray ◽  
Max Michael Owens ◽  
Courtland Hyatt ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Hippocampus Segmentation ◽  
Ffm Personality Traits

Despite the important functional role of the amygdala and hippocampus in socioemotional functioning, there have been limited adequately powered studies testing how the structure of these regions relates to putatively relevant personality traits such as neuroticism. Additionally, recent advances in MRI analysis methods provide unprecedented accuracy in measuring these structures and enable segmentation into their substructures. Using the new FreeSurfer amygdala and hippocampus segmentation pipelines with the full Human Connectome Project sample (N = 1105), the current study investigated whether the morphometry of these structures is associated with the five-factor model (FFM) personality traits in a sample of relatively healthy young adults. Drawing from prior findings, the following hypotheses were tested: 1) amygdala and hippocampus gray matter volume would be associated with neuroticism, 2) CA2/3 and dentate gyrus would account for the relationship of the hippocampus with neuroticism, and 3) amygdala gray matter volume would be inversely associated with extraversion. Exploratory analyses were conducted investigating potential associations between all of the FFM traits and the structure of the hippocampus and amygdala and their subregions. Despite some previous positive findings of whole amygdala and hippocampus with personality traits and related psychopathology (e.g., depression), the current results indicated no relationships between the any of the brain regions and the FFM personality traits. Given the large sample and utilization of sophisticated analytic methodology, the current study suggests no association of amygdala and hippocampus morphometry with major domains of personality.

scholarly journals An fMRI investigation of the relations between Extraversion, internalizing psychopathology, and neural activation following reward receipt in the Human Connectome Project sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland S. Hyatt ◽  
Emily S. Hallowell ◽  
Max M. Owens ◽  
Brandon M. Weiss ◽  
Lawrence H. Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract Quantitative models of psychopathology (i.e., HiTOP) propose that personality and psychopathology are intertwined, such that the various processes that characterize personality traits may be useful in describing and predicting manifestations of psychopathology. In the current study, we used data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1050) to investigate neural activation following receipt of a reward during an fMRI task as one shared mechanism that may be related to the personality trait Extraversion (specifically its sub-component Agentic Extraversion) and internalizing psychopathology. We also conducted exploratory analyses on the links between neural activation following reward receipt and the other Five-Factor Model personality traits, as well as separate analyses by gender. No significant relations (p < .005) were observed between any personality trait or index of psychopathology and neural activation following reward receipt, and most effect sizes were null to very small in nature (i.e., r < |.05|). We conclude by discussing the appropriate interpretation of these null findings, and provide suggestions for future research that spans psychological and neurobiological levels of analysis.

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