National Survey of Volunteer Pharmacy Preceptors

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryann Z. Skrabal ◽  
Rhonda M. Jones ◽  
Ryan W. Walters ◽  
Ruth E. Nemire ◽  
Denise A. Soltis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Experiential Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Density Methods

Objectives: To survey volunteer pharmacy preceptors regarding experiential education and determine whether differences in responses relate to such factors as geographic region, practice setting, and population density. Methods: An online survey was sent to 4396 volunteer experiential preceptors. The survey consisted of 41 questions asking the preceptor to comment on the experiential education environment. Experiential education administrators from 9 schools of pharmacy administered the survey to their volunteer preceptors in all regions (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West) of the United States, in various pharmacy practice settings, and areas of differing population densities. Results: A total of 1163 (26.5%) preceptors responded. Regionally, preceptors in the West disagreed more than those in the Midwest and the South that they had enough time to spend with students to provide a quality experience and also required compensation less often than their counterparts in the Northeast and South. Concerning practice settings, hospital preceptors accepted students from more schools, had greater increases in requests, turned away more students, and spent less time with the students compared to preceptors in other settings. Population density differences reflected that preceptors at urban sites took and turned away more students than those at rural sites. Preceptors from rural areas spent more time with students and felt they were spending enough time with their students to provide quality experiences when compared to other preceptors. Conclusions: The results of this national volunteer preceptor survey may assist pharmacy school leaders in understanding how location, practice type, and population density affect experiential education, preceptor time-quality issues, and site compensation so they can take necessary actions to improve quality of student practice experiences.

Abstract P164: The Impact of the Expanded EVT Window on Acute Stroke Services: A Large Northwest Telestroke Network Experience

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Lowenkopf ◽  
Leslie Corless ◽  
Elizabeth Baraban
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Anterior Circulation ◽  
Stroke Subtypes ◽  
The Impact

Background: Telestroke has led the technological revolution in providing acute medical services to rural areas in the United States since the beginning of this century. In January 2018 the American Stroke Association made a level IA recommendation to expand the treatment time window for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from 6 to 24 hours for anterior circulation stroke based on perfusion imaging. Our study is the first to our knowledge to report the effect of the expanded time window on acute stroke consult and treatment volumes in a large rural supporting telestroke network. Methods: Stroke registry data from two tertiary care facilities from a 22 hospital telestroke network supporting a large (> 78,000 mi 2 ) primarily rural Northwest geographic region were used. Data included stroke patients arriving within 24 hours of last known well (LKW) between January 2017 and March 2019. Patients arriving January 2017 to December 2017 were grouped into the PRE-expanded time window and those arriving April 2018 to March 2019 into the POST-expanded time window. Stroke subtypes, transfers, telestroke consults (via phone or video), and EVT treatments were compared across time periods. Analyses were performed using Pearson’s chi square test, corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: A total of 1117 patients arrived with stroke symptoms within 24 hours of LKW, 567 (50.8%) in PRE and 550 (49.2%) in POST-window. The percentage of all stroke subtypes were not significantly different in the PRE and POST patient groups (p=.720). However, the percent of telestroke consults increased by 12.1% from 62.3% to 74.4% (p<.001) but the percent of video consults remained similar (25.9% vs 25.8%). The total number of transfers (142 vs 141) and percentage of transfers among AIS patients (25.0% vs 25.6%) from partner to hub did not change. The percentage of thrombectomies among transfers rose by 8.7% with the expanded time window, but was not statistically significant [p=0.118]. Conclusions: In a large Northwest telestroke rural network the expanded EVT treatment time window led to a marked increase in all telestroke consults but did not impact video consults, transfer, or percentage of patients treated.

scholarly journals Characterization of indoor arenas through an anonymous survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staci McGill ◽  
Morgan Hayes ◽  
Kimberly Tumlin ◽  
Robert Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
United States Economy ◽  
Continue Research ◽  
Equine Industry

Abstract Equine farms are building both stables for the horses to live in and additional facilities to train and work horses . For many of these farms, an outdoor arena that has an all-weather footing is the first working facility built. During inclement weather the ability to train in the outdoor arenas is inhibited, which in turn means the trainers, riders, and farms lose income as money is only made when horses are working, training, and competing. Indoor arenas allow for horses to continue to be worked no matter the weather conditions. The equine industry contributes a total of $122 billion dollars a year to the United States’ economy. The expenditures to build and maintain these arenas the horses utilize for training and work are a portion of the equine economic contribution . During the summer of 2018, an anonymous online survey was conducted to begin to characterize indoor arenas. Owners, managers, and riders were questioned on a variety of topics including arena construction and design, arena usage, footing type, maintenance practices, environmental concerns, and potential health issues experienced within the facilities. Respondents in the study defined indoor arenas differently depending on geographic region, however most definitions included a roof, some enclosure, and footing in order to work the horses. In addition, of the 335 respondents of the survey, 71% or 239 respondents reported having concerns about the environment within the indoor arena. The three main concerns are dust, moisture, and lack of air movement. Overall, the survey begins to build our understanding regarding these facilities and provides the framework to continue research in the future.

scholarly journals Coping With and Adapting to COVID-19 in Rural United States and Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Donna Wang ◽  
Jill M. Chonody ◽  
Kathryn Krase ◽  
Leina Luzuriaga
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
Levels Of Support

Guidelines aimed at slowing the spread of COVID-19 resulted in major changes in people’s lives. A cross-sectional online survey, completed by 1,405 adults in Canada and the United States in June 2020, found respondents from rural areas/small towns reported better coping and adjustment (i.e., less use of substances for support), less personal impact, less life disruption, and fewer challenges with transportation and health care, than urban and suburban respondents. Those in rural areas were less likely to use the newspaper, but more likely to use social media, for information. Finally, rural respondents reported higher levels of support for their national leadership’s response to the pandemic. The needs and strengths of rural areas, as well as approaches to serve rural areas are discussed.

scholarly journals Strategies for Managing Pharmacy Experiential Education During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 089719002097773
Author(s):  
Cynthia Moreau ◽  
Stacey Maravent ◽  
Genevieve M. Hale ◽  
Tina Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Experiential Education ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Education Faculty ◽  
Online Format ◽  
Difficult Times

In recent months, the coronavirus pandemic has significantly affected almost every industry in the United States, including health care and higher education. Faculty and students at colleges and schools of pharmacy nationwide have needed to quickly adapt as the delivery of curricula has shifted to primarily online format. Additionally, experiential rotations have been significantly affected as practice settings such as hospitals and outpatient clinics have limited students’ interactions with patients or stopped allowing students on-site altogether. Our commentary will explore strategies that have been employed by experiential education coordinators and pharmacy preceptors from various settings to navigate experiential education during these difficult times while ensuring students successfully meet requirements for graduation. These will include descriptions of transitioning advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) to virtual format, how to safely involve students in the care of COVID-19 patients, and managing scheduling issues.

scholarly journals Deployment of Mobile Broadband Service in the United States

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Prieger ◽  
Thomas V. Church
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile Broadband ◽  
Broadband Service ◽  
Wireless Broadband ◽  
Fixed Line

Broadband deployment in the United States is expanding rapidly but unevenly. Using new FCC census data on wireline and wireless broadband providers, the authors of this chapter study mobile broadband provision within the United States. Although rural areas lag behind non-rural areas in the availability of residential access to both mobile and fixed broadband, mobile broadband is at least partially filling in geographical gaps in fixed-line broadband coverage. Multiple regression results indicate that population density and growth, and the fraction of blacks, Hispanics, and youth in an area are positive predictors of the number of mobile broadband providers. The fraction of Native Americans, Asians, and senior citizens in an area are negative predictors. Income is positively associated with the number of providers, with largest effects in rural areas. Finally, even after controlling for population density and income, rural areas continue to be associated with a lower number of providers.

ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings: Prescribing and transcribing—2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 1026-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A Pedersen ◽  
Philip J Schneider ◽  
Michael C Ganio ◽  
Douglas J Scheckelhoff
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Mode Method ◽  
Survey Sample

Abstract Purpose Results of the 2019 ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings are presented. Methods Pharmacy directors at 4,863 general and children’s medical/surgical hospitals in the United States were surveyed using a mixed-mode method of contact by email and mail. Survey completion was online, using an online survey application. IQVIA supplied data on hospital characteristics; the survey sample was drawn from the IMS Health hospital database. Results The response rate was 10.8%. Pharmacists are increasingly managing medication use in the areas of vancomycin therapy, antibiotic selection and dosing, and anticoagulation. Electronic health record (EHR) decision support is guiding prescribing, and nearly 50% of hospitals are customizing drug warnings. Adoption of compounding technology continues, with 43.6% of hospitals using technology in their sterile compounding processes. Nearly half of hospitals have active opioid stewardship programs, and pharmacists are leading these efforts. Specialty pharmacy operations are growing in health systems. Human resource commitments to support new services are increasing; however, vacancy rates for technicians are challenging. Staff credentialing continues to expand for pharmacist and technicians. Conclusion Pharmacists continue to assume greater responsibility for writing medication orders, dosing, ordering laboratory tests, and monitoring outcomes. Health-system pharmacists are taking a leading role in addressing the opioid crisis, advancing safety in compounded sterile preparations through adoption of intravenous workflow technologies, and optimizing EHR applications to leverage clinical decision support tools to improve the safe prescribing and use of medications.

scholarly journals Pharmacists’ Perceptions and Drivers of Immunization Practices for COVID-19 Vaccines: Results of a Nationwide Survey Prior to COVID-19 Vaccine Emergency Use Authorization

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Sonia Susan Jacob ◽  
Mary Barna Bridgeman ◽  
Hyoeun Kim ◽  
Michael Toscani ◽  
Racquel Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
To Receive

Background: Pharmacists play a vital role in recommending and providing vaccines to improve public health and are on the front line of mass immunization efforts. Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate pharmacists’ perceptions on COVID-19 vaccines prior to emergency use authorization (EUA) amid a global pandemic. Methods: A voluntary, anonymous, cross-sectional survey was conducted between September and November 2020. Survey respondents included a convenience sample of licensed pharmacists in the United States. The primary outcomes were pharmacists’ willingness to receive and recommend hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines. Covariates assessed in the survey included COVID-19 exposure or personal experience, primary pharmacy practice setting, background in training, geographic region, and prioritization of clinical data. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: This study surveyed 763 pharmacists and results from 632 participants were included in final analysis. Overall, 67.1% of the pharmacists were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and 63.4% of the pharmacists were willing to recommend a COVID-19 vaccine at ≤1 year from the time of vaccine approval. At >1 year after vaccine approval, 78% of the pharmacists were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and 81.2% of the pharmacists were willing to recommend a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions: Survey findings suggest that, while a majority of pharmacists surveyed indicate acceptance of hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines, there remains to be hesitancy among pharmacists to receive or recommend vaccination.

The Urban/Rural Dichotomy in the Distribution of Breast Cancer across Pennsylvania

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 884-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Boukovalas ◽  
Jack Sariego
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural Counties ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Cancer Rates

Breast cancer rates clearly differ across the United States. This is due to a variety of factors, but at least one determinant is the population density. Breast cancer detection rates and treatment paradigms may differ in rural areas when compared with more urban ones. As the population becomes more mobile and diffuse, this may or may not be a worsening problem. The current analysis was undertaken to examine the breast cancer incidence and outcomes in a single state in an attempt to plan for resource allocation in the future. A retrospective analysis was performed using data available from the Pennsylvania Department of Health regarding breast cancer rates by county, the distribution of cases with regard to degree of rurality, death rates by county as a function of rurality, and the age distribution of all presenting cases. Data from 1999 were compared with those of 2009. The United States Census Bureau definition of rurality was used, which specifies that a county be classified as rural if the population density is less than 284 persons/square mile. Between 1999 and 2009, the population of Pennsylvania increased by approximately 3.4 per cent (421,325 people). The urban population increased by 3.9 per cent, whereas the rural population increased by only 2.2 per cent. During that same period, the number of cancer cases/100,000 population remained about the same: 391.41 in 1999; 390.7 in 2009. However, the distribution of cases shifted during that time toward more rural areas of the state: in 1999, there were 372.3 breast cancer cases/100,000 population compared with 2009 when the rate was 384.4/100,000 population. The number of cancer deaths/100,000 population actually dropped overall during the decade: 98.5 in 1999 versus 82.3 in 2009. Though this was true in both urban and rural counties, the decrease was much less pronounced in the rural areas. In urban counties, the death rate dropped from 100.5 to 81.5/100,000 population, whereas in rural counties, the drop was only from 93.3 to 84.3. The greater increase in cases diagnosed in rural areas of Pennsylvania is only partially explained by the relatively greater increase in rural population. There are undoubtedly other issues at work in rural areas: environmental factors, diffusion of resources, less access to surveillance programs. In addition, though the death rate has dropped in both rural and urban areas, this is much less pronounced in rural counties. Coupled with the increase in prevalence in those areas, this suggests that breast cancer care may be lagging in rural areas. There is a need to examine allocation of resources and surveillance programs.

Telepharmacy: A New Paradigm for Our Profession

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tin Le ◽  
Michael Toscani ◽  
John Colaizzi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Google Search

Telepharmacy is a rapidly growing area of communication within pharmaceutical care delivery, especially in rural areas. The purpose of this literature review is to determine how telepharmacy is currently being practiced within community and ambulatory pharmacy settings, its effectiveness, and how it is being regulated across the United States. A literature review was performed using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and the Google search engine. State-specific rules were researched using board of pharmacy and legislative online resources. Telepharmacy has been successfully implemented within community pharmacy settings through the creation of remote dispensing sites. The increasing focus of state regulations on telepharmacy services and practices shows the growth and acceptance of this modality of pharmacy practice. There is wide variation among state regulations pertaining to the setup and operation of telepharmacies. Trends in telemedicine show that telepharmaceutical care is likely to continue to expand as it allows for a better allocation of resources and access to more patients. However, research needs to be conducted to specifically analyze the value and place for telepharmacy services.

Political Polarization along the Rural-Urban Continuum? The Geography of the Presidential Vote, 2000–2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 672 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante J. Scala ◽  
Kenneth M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

This article documents the diversity of political attitudes and voting patterns along the urban-rural continuum of the United States. We find that America’s rural and urban interface, in terms of political attitudes and voting patterns, is just beyond the outer edges of large urban areas and through the suburban counties of smaller metropolitan areas. Both Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton performed well in densely populated areas on the urban side of the interface, but they faced increasingly difficult political climates and sharply diminished voter support on the rural side of the interface. The reduction in support for Clinton in 2016 in rural areas was particularly pronounced. Even after controlling for demographic, social, and economic factors (including geographic region, education, income, age, race, and religious affiliation) in a spatial regression, we find that a county’s position in the urban-rural continuum remained statistically significant in the estimation of voting patterns in presidential elections.

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