Psychiatric Disorders in Liver Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
William R. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Painful Condition ◽  
Pure Chance

The frequency of psychiatric illness presenting with liver disease occurs at rates higher than pure chance. This reflects the association between alcohol and drug dependence with acute and chronic liver toxicity and disease. Because mood and anxiety disorders are more common in substance use disorder, the link extends to higher rates of these disorders in patients with liver disease. Finally, liver disease can represent a chronic and painful condition that presents a significant physical and psychological stress for patients.

scholarly journals Differential interactions between comorbid anxiety disorders and substance use disorder in rapid cycling bipolar I or II disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 110 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keming Gao ◽  
Bryan K. Tolliver ◽  
David E. Kemp ◽  
Marcia L. Verduin ◽  
Stephen J. Ganocy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Rapid Cycling ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety

A prospective examination of Axis I psychiatric disorders in the first 5 years following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Alway ◽  
K. R. Gould ◽  
L. Johnston ◽  
D. McKenzie ◽  
J. Ponsford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
First Year ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundPsychiatric disorders commonly emerge during the first year following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it is not clear whether these disorders soon remit or persist for long periods post-injury. This study aimed to examine, prospectively: (1) the frequency, (2) patterns of co-morbidity, (3) trajectory, and (4) risk factors for psychiatric disorders during the first 5 years following TBI.MethodParticipants were 161 individuals (78.3% male) with moderate (31.2%) or severe (68.8%) TBI. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, administered soon after injury and 3, 6 and 12 months, and 2, 3, 4 and 5 years post-injury. Disorder frequencies and generalized estimating equations were used to identify temporal relationships and risk factors.ResultsIn the first 5 years post-injury, 75.2% received a psychiatric diagnosis, commonly emerging within the first year (77.7%). Anxiety, mood and substance-use disorders were the most common diagnostic classes, often presenting co-morbidly. Many (56.5%) experienced a novel diagnostic class not present prior to injury. Disorder frequency ranged between 61.8 and 35.6% over time, decreasing by 27% [odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.83] with each year post-injury. Anxiety disorders declined significantly over time (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.63–0.84), whilst mood and substance-use disorder rates remained stable. The strongest predictors of post-injury disorder were pre-injury disorder (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.41–4.25) and accident-related limb injury (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.03–3.07).ConclusionsFindings suggest the first year post-injury is a critical period for the emergence of psychiatric disorders. Disorder frequency declines thereafter, with anxiety disorders showing greater resolution than mood and substance-use disorders.

Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorder in a Methadone Maintenance Population

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Callaly ◽  
Tom Trauer ◽  
Leigh Munro ◽  
Greg Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Icd 10

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a group of patients who had recently entered a methadone maintenance programme. Method: A total of 62 patients were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) within 6 months of commencing methadone maintenance. The CIDI was used to establish symptoms of psychiatric illness at interview and in the 12 months prior. Results: In the 12 months prior to interview, 76% of the sample fulfilled ICD-10 criteria for a psychiatric disorder other than substance-use disorder. Over half of the group interviewed fulfilled ICD-10 criteria for an affective disorder, two-thirds fulfilled criteria for an anxiety disorder and just under half fulfilled diagnostic criteria for both an affective disorder and an anxiety disorder in the 12 months prior to interview. At the time of interview, 19% fulfilled ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for a moderate or severe affective disorder. Seventy per cent of males and 89% of females interviewed had a comorbid psychiatric illness. In 71% of the group who had a comorbid psychiatric illness, the onset of psychiatric symptomatology was reported to predate the use of heroin. Conclusion: The prevalence of psychiatric disorder is up to 10 times higher in the population on methadone maintenance than in the general population and is two to three times higher than that found in community surveys of those with a substance-use disorder. These results are consistent with earlier findings and have implications for service planning.

Early alcohol use as prognostic factor for severity in dually diagnosed patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S307-S308
Author(s):  
R. Martinez-Riera ◽  
G. Mateu-Codina ◽  
A. Farre-Martinez ◽  
J.L. Perez de Heredia ◽  
J. Marti-Bonany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Competing Interest

ObjectivesDescribe the distinguishing characteristics between patients with early onset of alcohol use (EARLY, age < 15) and late onset of alcohol use (LATE, age > 16), both affected of acute non-substance use psychiatric disorders (non-SUD) and any substance use disorder admitted in a dual diagnosis unit.Material and methodsData on demographic, family, and clinical factors were gathered among subjects admitted to our dual diagnosis unit along three years, all of them meeting DSM-IV criteria of any non-substance related Axis I or II disorder and comorbid substance use disorder (SUD). Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS program.ResultsWe show results of 748 patients (437 of EARLY group and 311 of LATE group). Predominantly male (73,53%) with a mean age of 39,60 ± 9,7 years. Most prevalent non-SUD psychiatric disorders were psychotic disorder (39,97%) and personality disorder (39,30%). In our sample, most common substances of abuse were Alcohol (45,05%) and Cocaine (30,35%). EARLY patients had an earlier first contact all substances as well as an earlier age of problematic consumption of cocaine, alcohol, opioids and nicotine; they also had major prevalence of opioid SUD, sedatives SUD and amphetamines SUD (see Tables 1, 2 and 3).ConclusionsPatients who began earlier their consumptions of alcohol had major prevalence of opioid, sedatives and amphetamine use. They also had earlier consumptions of other substances and earlier problematic consumptions of cocaine, alcohol, opioids and nicotine, what probably means greater severity of drug addiction in the long run.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Sociodemographic Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in the All Of Us Biobank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Barr ◽  
Tim B. Bigdeli ◽  
Jacquelyn M. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Demographic Covariates

ABSTRACTImportanceAll of Us is a landmark initiative for population-scale research into the etiology of psychiatric disorders and disparities across various sociodemographic categories.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence, comorbidity, and demographic covariates of psychiatric and substance use disorders in the All of Us biobank.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe estimated prevalence, overlap, and demographic correlates for psychiatric disorders derived from electronic health records in the All of Us biobank (release 5; N = 331,380)ExposuresSocial and demographic covariates.Main Outcome and MeasuresPsychiatric disorders derived from ICD10CM codes and grouped into phecodes across six broad domains: mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders.ResultsThe prevalence of various disorders ranges from approximately 15% to less than 1%, with mood and anxiety disorders being the most common, followed by substance use disorders, stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. There is substantial overlap among disorders, with a large portion of those with a disorder (~57%) having two or more registered diagnoses and tetrachoric correlations ranging from 0.43 – 0.74. The prevalence of disorders across demographic categories demonstrates that non-Hispanic whites, those of low socioeconomic status, women and those assigned female at birth, and sexual minorities are at greatest risk for most disorders.Conclusions and RelevanceAlthough the rates of disorders in All of Us are lower than rates for disorders in the general population, there is considerable variation, comorbidity, and differences across social groups. Large-scale resources like All of Us will prove to be invaluable for understanding the causes and consequences of psychiatric conditions. As we move towards an era of precision medicine, we must work to ensure it is delivered in an equitable manner.

Managing a Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medication Assisted Treatment ◽  
Different Types

The term “co-occurring disorders” refers to the presence of a psychiatric disorder and a substance use disorder. A psychiatric disorder increases the risk of a substance use disorder and vice versa. Treating one disorder improves the outcomes in treating the other. Psychiatric medications can be both effective and appropriate in treating the psychiatric disorder in people with co-occurring disorders. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) can treat effectively the substance use disorder in people with co-occurring disorders. The goals of this chapter are to learn about the different types of psychiatric disorders, to learn about the causes of psychiatric disorders, and to assess the client’s psychiatric symptoms, if applicable.

scholarly journals Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Soraya Seedat ◽  
Allen Herman ◽  
Hashim Moomal ◽  
Steven G. Heeringa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence

BackgroundData on the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa are of interest, not only for the purposes of developing evidence-based mental health policy, but also in view of South Africa's particular historical and demographic circumstances.MethodA nationally representative household survey was conducted between 2002 and 2004 using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to generate diagnoses. The data-set analysed included 4351 adult South Africans of all ethnic groups.ResultsLifetime prevalence of DSM–IV/CIDI disorders was determined for anxiety disorders (15.8%), mood disorders (9.8%), substance use disorders (13.4%) and any disorder (30.3%). Lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders differed significantly across ethnic groups. Median age at onset was earlier for substance use disorders (21 years) than for anxiety disorders (32 years) or mood disorders (37 years).ConclusionsIn comparison with data from other countries, South Africa has a particularly high lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders. These disorders have an early age at onset, providing an important target for the planning of local mental health services.

scholarly journals Onset and recurrence of psychiatric disorders associated with anti-hypertensive drug classes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Colbourne ◽  
Sierra Luciano ◽  
Paul J. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Β Blockers ◽  
Risk Ratios

AbstractThe major anti-hypertensive (AHT) drug classes have been associated with differential risks of psychiatric disorders. However, existing data are limited largely to depression, and confounding variables have not always been controlled for. We sought to fill the evidence gap, using TriNetX Analytics, an electronic health records network. Amongst 58.6 million patients aged 18–90 years, patients prescribed a calcium channel blocker (CCB) were compared with those taking a diuretic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), or β-blocker. Cohorts were propensity score-matched for age, sex, race, and blood pressure. Over a 2-year exposure period, we measured the incidence and risk ratio of a first diagnosis (ICD-10 codes), or a recurrence, of psychotic, affective, and anxiety disorders, as well as substance use disorders and sleep disorders. Cohort sizes ranged from 33,734 to 322,814. CCBs were associated with a lower incidence of psychotic, affective, and anxiety disorders than β-blockers (risk ratios 0.69–0.99) and a higher incidence than ARBs (risk ratios 1.04–2.23) for both first and recurrent diagnoses. Comparisons of CCBs with ACEIs or diuretics showed smaller risk ratios that varied between disorders, and between first episode and recurrence. AHT classes were also associated with the incidence of substance use and sleep disorders. Results remained largely unchanged after more extensive cohort matching for additional potential confounders. In a secondary analysis, a comparison between ARBs and ACEIs showed lower rates of psychotic, affective, and substance use disorders with ARBs, but higher risks of anxiety and sleep disorders. In conclusion, AHT classes are differentially associated with the incidence of psychiatric disorders. ARBs show the most advantageous profile and β-blockers the least. The apparent beneficial effects of ARBs merit further study.

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