Broken Promises of Capitalism’s Wonderland: Representing Uneven Development in Contemporary China and Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 745-759
Author(s):  
Fernando Ortiz-Moya ◽  
Nieves Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Expansion Process ◽  
Chinese Film ◽  
Industrial Expansion ◽  
The Social ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
By Products

China and Japan are currently in opposing stages of the expansion process of capitalism. While China is at the centre of the global accumulation of surplus capital through urbanisation and industrial expansion—i.e. the creation stage—Japan has been stagnant in recent decades and its periphery is de-urbanising—i.e. the destruction stage. Consequences of the global spatialisation of capital, however, are similar in both cases, resulting in growing social inequalities. This article uses films to explore the influence of this process on popular culture, specifically focusing on a Chinese film—Jia Zhangke’s A Touch of Sin (2013)—and a Japanese one—Kazuyoshi Kumakiri’s Sketches of Kaitan City (2010). The two films are composed of interconnected segments that portray the social by-products of the spatialisation of capitalism. We argue that, despite the apparent dissimilarities, this process creates parallel realities consequential to the broken promises of advancement made by the economic system. Ultimately, this generates a distorted social space that normalises the new, worsened living conditions resulting from capitalism’s continual expansion.

scholarly journals JOHN RAWLS: CONCEPÇÃO DE COOPERAÇÃO EQUITATIVA

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
Viturino Ribeiro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Doctrines

A cooperação equitativa é um conceito central da filosofia de John Rawls e possui uma estreita relação com as noções de racionalidade, razoabilidade e tolerância. Portanto, faz-se necessário ressaltar que tais temas são fundamentais para uma adequada compreensão da teoria rawlsiana de justiça. Rawls elege a justiça como virtude primária e princípio norteador na construção da sua teoria. Em virtude disso, a preocupação de Rawls é a resolução das desigualdades sociais que ocorrem nos sistemas políticos democráticos. A noção de justiça como equidade faz-se indispensável frente à necessidade de eleger a liberdade enquanto preocupação com o justo equilíbrio e ao “consenso nas sociedades plurais”. É a partir da concepção de cooperação equitativa que Rawls tenta resolver o impasse contemporâneo da convivência de diferentes doutrinas abrangentes razoáveis sejam elas, religiosas, filosóficas ou morais. Dessa forma, a teoria rawlsiana de justiça tem como proposta a “coexistência pacifica” ante essa pluralidade de doutrinas compreensivas. Assim posto, a justiça como equidade, pode plausivelmente, ser a forma mais viável de coexistência pacífica que agrupamentos sociais poderiam seguir ou se pautar. Sob essa ótica, acredita-se que a noção de cooperação equitativa rawlsiana será uma via de justiça que enfatiza os direitos individuais sem desmerecer aquilo que é próprio do coletivo. Abstract: Fair cooperation is a central concept of J. Rawls´s philosophy and keeps a close relationship with the the notions of rationality, reasonability, and tolerance. Thus it is important to claim that these notions are necessary for a correct comprehension of rawlsian theory of justice. Rawls claims justice as the primary virtue and main principle of his theory. The aim of Rawls is to solve the social inequalities that occur in democratic political systems. The concept of justice as fairness is essential before the need of electing the liberty as concerning to the just balance and to the “consensus in the plural societies”. By starting from the conception of fair cooperation Rawls tries to solve the contemporary problem of different comprehensive doctrines sharing the same political and social space, no matter they are religious, philosophical or moral ones. The rawlsian theory of justice claims to propose as “pacific cohabitation” among that plurality of comprehensive doctrines. In this way, justice as fairness may plausibility be the most viable form of pacific cohabitation that social groups can follow or be ruled. Under this perspective, we believe that the rawlsian concept of fair cooperation will be a way of justice that focus on individual rights without deprive the significance of collective. Keywords: Rawls, fair cooperation, original position, rationality, reasonability. 

scholarly journals Kronika polska Galla Anonima w kontekście kształtowania się polskiej świadomości narodowej

2015 ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Marcin Lisiecki
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
Cultural Components

Gallus Anonymus’ gesta principium polonorum in the context of the formation of Polish national consciousnessThis paper is an attempt at a reconstruction of sources of Polish national consciousness, with its political and cultural components. It should be emphasized that cultural determinants are most important for consolidating national identity. In the Polish case, one of the most interesting and also most often reproduced Polish cultural motifs is the legend of Piast and Popiel. For reasons outlined above, this article will attempt to analyze legends of the first ruler in Poland and references to them in the contemporary Polish culture. For clarity of analysis, the essay is divided into two parts. The first is connected with the myth of richness and the fertile, as well as powerful Poland. The significance of this part is for the processes of creating Polish national identity around utopian visions, and also their presence in the literature. Furthermore, this myth is related with belief that the ruler must be just for his people. The second part includes the analysis of the presence of this myth in popular culture, on the example of children’s literature and in the social space.

scholarly journals O espaço social das grandes metrópoles brasileiras: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Belo Horizonte

2000 ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Cesar de Queiroz Ribeiro ◽  
Luciana Corrêa do Lago
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Social ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Neste trabalho, buscamos avaliar os princípios segundo os quais se organiza o espaço social das metrópoles de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Belo Horizonte, adotando essa noção como um conjunto de relações que definem posições e condicionam os atributos dos indivíduos por elas distribuídos.1 As variáveis relativas à natureza, à posição na ocupação no trabalho e aos setores econômicos nos quais se exercem são utilizadas, em um primeiro momento, para definir conceitualmente as categorias sócio-ocupacionais que conformam a estrutura social a partir das relações que definem posições no mercado de trabalho e na estrutura produtiva dessas metrópoles. Analisamos a composição da estrutura social do conjunto das três metrópoles e suas diferenças, utilizando os dados do Censo de 1991. Em seguida, buscamos avaliar como essa hierarquia social corresponde à distribuição desigual dos dois atributos sociais fundamentais na sociedade capitalista contemporânea, os quais determinam as chances de inserção dos indivíduos na hierarquia social: o capital econômico (renda) e o capital escolar (educação). Utilizando as técnicas de análise fatorial e de conglomerado (cluster analysis), procedemos à classificação dos indivíduos segundo a sua posição na estrutura social e na distribuição dos capitais econômico e social. Tal análise nos permitirá identificar os princípios centrais segundo os quais o espaço social da metrópole se estrutura. Em seguida, avaliaremos em que medida as posições sociais identificadas são sobredeterminadas, ou não, por três atributos sociodemográficos que atuam como mecanismos seletivos na distribuição das formas de capitais: raça/etnia, sexo e tipo de família. Palavras-chave: estrutura social; desigualdade; metrópole. Abstract: The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the social structures of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte, adopting the concept of social space as a group of relationships which define positions and condition individuals’ attributes. Social positions are based on twenty four professional categories built up from economic, occupational and social variables of the 1991 Demographic Census, each position expressing a place in the social division of labour. In the analysis of social space we examine the differences between category profiles in terms of income, education, gender, race, geographical location and housing conditions, and then we identify the major social structuring axes of the three metropolises and their correlation with social inequalities. In this way we attempt to use a “multi-dimensional” concept of the structuring of social space that allows a better understanding of the occasional differences in social position between occupational groups. Such events are understood not as exceptions but rather as manifestations of the multiple scales of social space hierarchization. Keywords: social structure; inequality; metropolis.

How Social Inequalities Shape Markets: Lessons From the Configuration of PET Recycling Practices in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 000765032198906
Author(s):  
Silvio Eduardo Alvarez Candido ◽  
Mário Sacomano Neto ◽  
Mauro Rocha Côrtes
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data

The article addresses how societal inequalities shape market arrangements. While business scholars developed important work about the interplay of organizations and societal economic inequalities, less has been said about the embeddedness of markets in unequal social structures. We argue that this issue may be addressed by cross-fertilizing the sociological approach of Bourdieu and the Strategic Action Fields perspective. To demonstrate our view, we assessed the extreme case of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling markets in Brazil, conducting a qualitative study based on the precepts of abductive analysis and using data from different secondary sources, interviews, and participant observation. We verified the existence of correspondences between the power of strategic action fields and the positions the individuals controlling them occupy in what Bourdieu calls the social space and show how these differences enable inter field connections that tend to reproduce social hierarchies.

REKONSTRUKSI DAN REAKTUALISASI LITERASI EKOLOGI SOSIAL ISLAM

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social Ecology ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecological Literacy ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social

Literasi ekologi sosial Islam adalah interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan alam, teknologi, dan sosial yang didasarkan pada prinsip dasar Islam. Rekonstruksi literasi ekologi sosial Islam yang bisa direkonstruksi adalah prinsip dasar Islam yang menegaskan posisi manusia sebagai “pemimpin” yang diberi “amanah” untuk mengelola “bumi” atau “lingkungan alam dan sumber daya alam” sebaik-baiknya. Rekonstruksi literasi ekologis inilah yang kemudian akan diaktualisasikan pada masyarakat. Proses aktualisasi adalah kegiatan aktual dalam menanamkan kesadaran ekologi sosial Islam pada masyarakat yang mana dilakukan dalam ruang sosial keluarga, masyarakat, dan sekolah yang diorganisasi oleh negara melalui kebijakan dan peraturan per undang-undangan. Dengan proses rekonstruksi dan aktualisasi yang terstruktur ini, maka negara akan aktif membangun kesadaran ekologis sosial Islam dengan aktif dan terstruktur dengan baik guna mewujudkan basis kesadaran, ilmu pengetahuan, dan tata nilai ekologi sosial Islam pada masyarakat. Literacy on Islamic social ecology is the human interaction with the natural environment, technology, and social which is based on the basic principles of Islam. Reconstruction of literacy on Islamic social ecology that can be reconstructed is a basic tenet of Islam that affirms the human position as a "leader" by "mandate" to manage "Earth" or "natural environment and natural resources" as well as possible. Reconstruction of ecological literacy is then to be actualized in society. The process of actualization is actual activity in instilling awareness of the social ecology of Islam in the society which is done in the social space of families, communities, and schools organized by the state through policies and regulations. With the process of reconstruction and actualization, then the state will actively build social-ecological awareness of Islam in order to realize a base of awareness, knowledge, and values of Islamic social ecology in society.

Victor S. D'Souza. Development Planning and Structural Inequalities: The Response of the Underprivileged. New Delhi: Sage Publications 1990. Pages 206 + Index. Price: Rs 180 (Hardbound).

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
The Social

Deveiopment planning in India, as in other developing countries, has generally been aimed at fostering an industrially-oriented policy as the engine of economic growth. This one-sided economic development, which results in capital formation, creation of urban elites, and underprivileged social classes of a modern society, has led to distortions in the social structure as a whole. On the contrary, as a result of this uneven economic development, which is narrowly measured in terms of economic growth and capital formation, the fruits of development have gone to the people according to their economic power and position in the social structure: those occupying higher positions benefiting much more than those occupying the lower ones. Thus, development planning has tended to increase inequalities and has sharpened divisive tendencies. Victor S. D'Souza, an eminent Indian sociologist, utilizing the Indian census data of 1961, 1971, and 1981, examines the problem of structural inequality with particular reference to the Indian Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes - the two most underprivileged sections of the present Indian society which, according to the census of 1981, comprised 15.75 percent and 7.76 percent of India's population respectively. Theoretically, he takes the concept of development in a broad sense as related to the self-fulfIlment of the individual. The transformation of the unjust social structure, the levelling down of glaring economic and social inequalities, and the concern for the development of the underprivileged are for the author the basic elements of a planned development. This is the theoretical perspective of the first chapter, "Development Planning and Social Transformation".

SOCIAL CONFLICT: ARCHETYPAL NATURE AND RESOLUTION MECHANISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Ruslan Rafisovich Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Constructive Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge

On the basis of the archetypic analysis of development trends of a conflictological paradigm the author’s model of minimization of conflict potential in modern society is offered. Institutional construction is the basis for model that is harmonized with a factor of societal identity.It is noted that the problems of social conflicts, according to data from monitor- ing studies of the Ukrainian school of archetype, are increasingly shifted into the sphere of interpersonal relations. It is stimulated by the progression in society of so-called self-sufficient personalities, the “subjectification” of the social space, and at the same time narrowing down to the solution of entirely specific situations in which there is a collision of the interests of two or more parties.Instead, in order to find the optimal solution for resolving the conflict, it is necessary to have interdisciplinary knowledge, in particular understanding of the deep nature of such conflicts. Collision of points of view, thoughts, positions — a very frequent phenomenon of modern social life. In order to develop the correct line of behavior in various conflict situations, it is important to adequately under- stand the nature of the emergence of the modern conflict and the mechanisms for resolving them in substance. Knowledge of conflict nature enriches the culture of communication and makes human life and social groups not only more calm, but also creates conditions for constructive development. It is proved that in modern life one can not but agree with the statement that an individual carries first re- sponsibility for his own life and only then for the life of the social groups to which he belongs. And while making decisions within the framework of modern mecha- nisms (consensus), the properties of human psychology such as extroversion, emo- tionality, irrationality, intuition, externality, and executive ability will not at least contribute to such a task.That is why in the author’s research attracted attention to the archetypal na- ture of the conflict — the primitive images, ideas, feelings inherent in man as a bearer of the collective unconscious.

SOCIAL CONFLICT: ARCHETYPAL NATURE AND RESOLUTION MECHANISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Ruslan Rafisovich Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Constructive Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge

On the basis of the archetypic analysis of development trends of a conflictological paradigm the author’s model of minimization of conflict potential in modern society is offered. Institutional construction is the basis for model that is harmonized with a factor of societal identity. It is noted that the problems of social conflicts, according to data from monitoring studies of the Ukrainian school of archetype, are increasingly shifted into the sphere of interpersonal relations. It is stimulated by the progression in society of so-called self-sufficient personalities, the “subjectification” of the social space, and at the same time narrowing down to the solution of entirely specific situations in which there is a collision of the interests of two or more parties. Instead, in order to find the optimal solution for resolving the conflict, it is necessary to have interdisciplinary knowledge, in particular understanding of the deep nature of such conflicts. Collision of points of view, thoughts, positions — a very frequent phenomenon of modern social life. In order to develop the correct line of behavior in various conflict situations, it is important to adequately understand the nature of the emergence of the modern conflict and the mechanisms for resolving them in substance. Knowledge of conflict nature enriches the culture of communication and makes human life and social groups not only more calm, but also creates conditions for constructive development. It is proved that in modern life one can not but agree with the statement that an individual carries first responsibility for his own life and only then for the life of the social groups to which he belongs. And while making decisions within the framework of modern mechanisms (consensus), the properties of human psychology such as extroversion, emotionality, irrationality, intuition, externality, and executive ability will not at least contribute to such a task. That is why in the author’s research attracted attention to the archetypal nature of the conflict — the primitive images, ideas, feelings inherent in man as a bearer of the collective unconscious.

The Social Specificity of Societal Nature Relations in a Flexible Capitalist Society

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Eversberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Mutual Dependency ◽  
The Social ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Based on analyses of a 2016 German survey, this article contributes to debates on ‘societal nature relations’ by investigating the systematic differences between socially specific types of social relations with nature in a flexible capitalist society. It presents a typology of ten different ‘syndromes’ of attitudes toward social and environmental issues, which are then grouped to distinguish between four ideal types of social relationships with nature: dominance, conscious mutual dependency, alienation and contradiction. These are located in Pierre Bourdieu’s (1984) social space to illustrate how social relationships with nature correspond to people’s positions within the totality of social relations. Understanding how people’s perceptions of and actions pertaining to nature are shaped by their positions in these intersecting relations of domination – both within social space and between society and nature – is an important precondition for developing transformative strategies that will be capable of gaining majority support in flexible capitalist societies.

Jumbos and Jumping Devils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha P R
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Social History ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Jumbos and Jumping Devils is an original and pioneering exploration of not only the social history of the subcontinent but also of performance and popular culture. The domain of analysis is entirely novel and opens up a bolder approach of laying a new field of historical enquiry of South Asia. Trawling through an extraordinary set of sources such as colonial and post-colonial records, newspaper reports, unpublished autobiographies, private papers, photographs, and oral interviews, the author brings out a fascinating account of the transnational landscape of physical cultures, human and animal performers, and the circus industry. This book should be of interest to a wide range of readers from history, sociology, anthropology, and cultural studies to analysts of history of performance and sports in the subcontinent.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document