Intimate Partner Violence Before Pregnancy, During Pregnancy, and After Childbirth: A New Conceptualization Highlighting Individual Changes in Violence Against Pregnant Women Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199745
Author(s):  
Ko Ling Chan ◽  
C. K. M. Lo ◽  
Y. Lu ◽  
Frederick K. Ho ◽  
Wing Cheong Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women is a global public health problem. Yet, the trajectory of IPV during pregnancy and its association with health are unclear. This study set out to investigate the trajectory of IPV by categorizing pregnant women according to changes of IPV exposure before, during, and after pregnancy and to examine the predictive factors of these IPV-related categories. During 2016 and 2017, we conducted a longitudinal study with a sample of 1,083 pregnant women in Hong Kong. Pregnant women reported their IPV experiences, depression, and demographics in the baseline survey (at about 24-week gestation), and their IPV experiences, mental health outcomes, social support, and perceived father’s involvement in the follow-up survey (around 4 weeks postpartum). We categorized pregnant women into four groups, including women with (a) sustaining abusive relationship (AR); (b) relationship with decreased violence over pregnancy (DVR); (c) relationship with stress-related violence (SVR); and (d) nonviolent relationship (NVR). Although we found an overall decline of IPV during pregnancy from 24.6% to 14.3%, there were still a considerable proportion of women reporting as a victim of IPV. We observed that a higher proportion of pregnant women were actually suffering from IPV during pregnancy and after childbirth continuously (22.3% of AR and SVR) than experiencing a termination of IPV due to pregnancy (11.4% of DVR). We also observed that more severe maternal depression, lower levels of father’s involvement, and poorer social support were significantly associated with the categories that reflected greater severity of IPV over the course of pregnancy. Our findings reflected that the complexity of IPV related to pregnancy should never be overlooked. Mere reporting of prevalence in an aggregate might not sufficiently explain the problem. Father’s involvement and social support are two important factors that might help reduce IPV related to pregnancy and childbirth.

Prevalence of intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending a public sector hospital in Bengaluru, southern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
ANITA NATH ◽  
SHUBHASHREE VENKATESH ◽  
J. VINDHYA ◽  
SHEEBA BALAN ◽  
CHANDRA S. METGUD
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Public Sector Hospital

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as an important public health problem globally as well as in India. It may result in adverse physical and mental health consequences for the victim or unfavourable pregnancy outcomes if it happens during pregnancy. The possible risk factors for IPV can be explained by four levels of ecological factors: individual, partner, household and community. We estimated the prevalence of IPV and its association with selected ecological risk factors among pregnant women availing of antenatal care at a public sector hospital in Bengaluru, southern India. Methods We included 350 women above the age of 18 years with a confirmed pregnancy of less than 24 weeks and having no obstetric complication. We used the Conflict Tactics Scale to determine the presence of IPV. The risk factors measured were—individual level: respondent’s age, education, occupation, gravidity, planned or unplanned pregnancy, substance abuse, presence of depression and anxiety; partner-related: spouse’s education, occupation and marital discord; household/community-related: socioeconomic status, social support, religion and consanguinity. Results The prevalence of IPV was 3.7%. Factors that were significantly associated on multivariate analysis were higher age (above 20 years) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.82 [1.12–2.97], p=0.016) and presence of depression (AOR 6.84 [1.76–26.61], p=0.005). Conclusion The prevalence of IPV was less in our study population compared to figures reported from other Indian study settings.

scholarly journals Pattern of intimate partner violence disclosure among pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in Oyo East Local Government, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Abayomi Olusola Ayodapo ◽  
Olutoyin O Sekoni ◽  
Michael C Asuzu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem. Despite being a phenomenon that occurs globally, few studies have reviewed the issue of intimate partner violence among pregnant women as it relates to disclosure of abuse. This study sets out to determine the prevalence and pattern of disclosure of intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Oyo East Local Government of Oyo State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among pregnant women aged 18–49 years. A total of 350 pregnant women in the sole secondary health care facility and 3 out of the 18 primary health care facilities randomly selected by balloting were consecutively recruited. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence was used to collect data. Data were analysed with SPSS® version 16. Results: Of 252 (72.0%) women who had been exposed to violence by their partner in pregnancy, 72 (28.6%) disclosed their IPV experience. The experience was disclosed to relatives, friends and religious leaders. Of the 72 that disclosed their IPV experience, 31 (43.1%) reported for the purpose of seeking redress through religious or local leaders, healthcare professionals and law enforcement agencies. Conclusion: Intimate partner violence is common among pregnant women, but a culture of silence still persists, making identification of the exposed difficult. These data may encourage healthcare providers to include screening for IPV in the curriculum of the antenatal care. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272245

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) against Women in Bangladesh amid COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istihak Rayhan ◽  
Khaleda Akter
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: The study attempted to explore the prevalence and associated factors of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Bangladesh amid the COVID-19 pandemic. IPV is a complete violation of women's human rights and a dominant chronic global public health problem. Methods: The target population of the study was Bangladeshi married women, aged between 16 to 49 years, and lived with an intimate partner. Data were collected from Dhaka city with eight other districts of Bangladesh, and among 605 married women response rate was 84.30%. WHO multi-country study tools for screening domestic violence were used to screen emotional, physical, and sexual violence. Results: The study found the prevalence of IPV about 45.29%, where emotionally abused 44.12%, physically 15.29%, sexually 10.59%, and either physically or sexually 19.22%. Adjusted with marital duration, residence, women’s level of education, husband’s age, and monthly family income, multivariate logistic regression results revealed that comparatively older women, employed, non-Muslims and women with educated husband were less likely to experience violence, while arranged marriage, family income reduction amid the pandemic and husbands’ pandemic induced depression or anxiety caused more likely to commit violence. Limitations: Self-reported cross-sectional study has some methodological limitations, and the present study is not free from them. Conclusions: The study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the associated factors of IPV amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which will help to make preventive policy.

scholarly journals Depression remains a neglected public health problem among pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Getnet Mihretie Beyene ◽  
Telake Azale ◽  
Kassahun Alemu Gelaye ◽  
Tadesse Awoke Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Routine Antenatal Care

Abstract Background Antenatal depression is highly prevalent but a neglected public health problem in low income countries. It has serious effects on the general health of women, birth outcomes and child health. However, there has been limited substantial evidence on the prevalence and predictors of antenatal depression in Ethiopia. This lack of evidence potentiates the consequences of the problem and can limit the attention to intervention. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and potential predictors of antenatal depression at Debre Tabor and Woreta towns, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was employed on 548 pregnant women recruited by a cluster sampling method. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q), the Oslo-3 Social Support Scale (OSSS-3), Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Scale and Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST) were also used to measure stressful events, social support, intimate partner violence (IPV) and hazardous alcohol use respectively. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with antenatal depression. Results The prevalence of antenatal depression was found to be 24.45% (95% CI: 21.20, 28.30%). Being single (AOR =3.32, 95% CI = 1.36, 8.09); fear of pregnancy complication (AOR = 3.84, 95% CI = 1.53,9.62); history of chronic illness (AOR = 8.14, 95% CI = 2.14, 30.91); unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.36,6.55); history of stillbirth (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.23, 10.29),one or more negative life events (AOR = 4.06, 95% CI = 1.71, 9.66) and intimate partner violence (AOR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.65, 9.26) were factors significantly associated with antenatal depression. Conclusion Nearly a quarter of pregnant women suffer from depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Being single; fear of pregnancy complication; history of chronic illness; unplanned pregnancy; history of stillbirth; one or more negative life events and intimate partner violence were important predictors of antenatal depression in this study. Health care workers should consider addressing these risk factors during a routine antenatal care. Also, integrating early screening, detection, and treatment of antenatal depression into routine antenatal care is warranted to improve the quality of life of pregnant women and pregnancy outcomes as well.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Girmay Adhena ◽  
Lemessa Oljira ◽  
Yadeta Dessie ◽  
Hagos Degefa Hidru
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Background. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is the most common and major public health problem and human rights issue worldwide and has a negative effect on the lives of both mother and fetus. Despite its prominence, this issue has received little attention in Ethiopia as well as many sub-Saharan African countries. This study assessed the magnitude of intimate partner violence and associated factors among pregnant women in Ofla District, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to 30, 2019, among 543 pregnant women who visited antenatal care in the health facilities. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Pretested, interviewer-administered data collection was done using a standardized World Health Organization multicountry questionnaire for women’s health and domestic violence against women. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with violence. p value was set at p<0.05. Results. The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence during the current pregnancy was 37.5%: psychological (25.1%), sexual (17.7%), and physical violence (13.4%). Violence was associated with unplanned pregnancy ((AOR = 4.56, 95% CI: (2, 10.28)), unmarried women ((AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: (1.18, 5.73)), having alcoholic partner ((AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: (2.1, 5.16)), spouse’s multiple sexual partners status ((AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: (2.2, 12)), acceptance of violence by women ((AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: (1.1, 3.16)), low decision-making power of women ((AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: (1.6, 4.3)), and no interest in current pregnancy by partner ((AOR = 5.9, 95% CI: (2.36, 14.9)). Conclusions. More than one-third of pregnant women experienced intimate partner violence during a recent pregnancy. This is high and may lead to health consequences for both mothers and fetuses. Addressing gender inequitable norms, the culture of silence (support) to intimate partner violence in the community and women’s reproductive health information through intervention measures are very important to minimize the problem.

scholarly journals A qualitative study on factors associated with intimate partner violence in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 4205-4216
Author(s):  
Shirley Evelyn Lennon ◽  
Adriana María Ramírez Aramburo ◽  
Eliana Maritza Morales Garzón ◽  
María Adelaida Arboleda ◽  
Andrés Fandiño-Losada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Context Specific

Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a human rights violation and a serious global public health problem. This study investigated factors associated with IPV in female survivors in Colombia. Four focus group discussions with female survivors of IPV and 15 key informant interviews with professionals from psychological, social and legal services and community leaders were conducted in Cali and Tuluá. Participant recruitment was via purposive sampling. Transcripts were analysed manually taking a social constructivist standpoint and a content analysis approach. Factors associated with IPV were divided into four themes: cultural beliefs, jealousy, alcohol abuse, and personal history of IPV. The first theme was divided into: patriarchy, gender roles, normalisation of violence, and unawareness of rights, economic dependence, and ‘men own women’. The sub-themes were all inter-related and underpinned by patriarchal values. IPV was described as a sociocultural construction formed by patriarchal values ingrained in community and societal norms and individual processes. Therefore, academia, governmental and non-governmental bodies and society are urged to together, create preventative, context specific strategies for individuals, communities and societies.

Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the European Union: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Gracia ◽  
Marisol Lila ◽  
Faraj A. Santirso
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. Attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are increasingly recognized as central to understanding of this major social and public health problem, and guide the development of more effective prevention efforts. However, to date this area of research is underdeveloped in western societies, and in particular in the EU. The present study aims to provide a systematic review of quantitative studies addressing attitudes toward IPVAW conducted in the EU. The review was conducted through Web of Science, PsychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, PUBMED, and the Cochrane Library, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. This review aimed to identify empirical studies conducted in the EU, published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2018, and analyzing attitudes toward IPVAW. A total of 62 of 176 eligible articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. Four sets of attitudes toward IPVAW were identified as the main focus of the studies: legitimation, acceptability, attitudes toward intervention, and perceived severity. Four main research themes regarding attitudes toward IPVAW emerged: correlates of attitudes, attitudes as predictors, validation of scales, and attitude change interventions. Although interest in this research area has been growing in recent years, the systematic review revealed important gaps in current knowledge on attitudes toward IPVAW in the EU that limits its potential to inform public policy. The review outlines directions for future study and suggests that to better inform policy making, these future research efforts would benefit from an EU-level perspective.

Effects of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) on Treatment Specific Social Support among HIV+ Women of Color

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Sullivan ◽  
E. Byrd Quinlivan ◽  
Andrea L. Blickman ◽  
Lynne C. Messer ◽  
Adaora A. Adimora
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Hiv Women

Childhood Witnessing of Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Social Support

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Owen ◽  
M. Thompson ◽  
M. Mitchell ◽  
S. Kennebrew ◽  
A. Paranjape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner
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