The Effect of Child Sexual Abuse on Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick O’Leary ◽  
Scott D. Easton ◽  
Nick Gould
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Masculine Identity ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Gender Specific

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a trauma that affects males in substantial numbers, sometimes in ways that are gender-specific (e.g., compromised masculine identity, confusion regarding sexuality). Much of the identification of the male-specific outcomes has been derived from practitioner experience and small qualitative studies. The current study explores gender-specific outcomes and describes the development of a scale to measure the effects of CSA on men. First, qualitative interviews with 20 men who were sexually abused in childhood were thematically analyzed. The emergent themes of sexuality, self-concept, psychological and emotional well-being, and social functioning were used to construct a 30-item instrument which was later completed by 147 men with histories of CSA. The dimensionality of the 30 items was then assessed for suitability as scales using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The final instrument, the Male Sexual Abuse Effects Scale (MSAES), combines three subscales: Negative Identity, Guilt and Self-Blame, and Psychological and Emotional Well-Being. Items concerning masculine identity were shown to be valid in the scale. MSAES scores were compared with the General Health Questionnaire–28 (GHQ-28) and found to be significantly correlated. GHQ-28 clinical thresholds were applied to differentiate clinical from nonclinical cases; an independent-samples t test showed that the clinical cases from the GHQ-28 had high scores on the MSAES. The new scale has the potential to help clinicians and researchers identify men who have been severely affected by CSA and who should be of clinical concern.

A Structural Equation Model of Depression Risk in Young Women With a History of Child Sexual Abuse

2021 ◽  
pp. 155708512110441
Author(s):  
David Cantón-Cortés ◽  
María Rosario Cortés ◽  
José Cantón
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Depression Risk

This study aimed to propose and empirically test a model of the role of beliefs and emotions, self-destructive coping, and anxious attachment in the etiology of depression among a sample of 217 female survivors of child sexual abuse. The structural equation model showed a direct path from feelings of betrayal, self-destructive coping, and major anxious attachment to depression. The model also showed an indirect path (via self-destructive coping and anxious attachment) from feelings of powerlessness—particularly self-blame/stigma—to depression. The present results confirmed the existence of an explanatory model of depression risk in young adult women.

scholarly journals Counteracting Deceptive Responding in the Finnish Investigative Instrument of Child Sexual Abuse (FICSA)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Tadei ◽  
Juulia Haajanen ◽  
Johan Pensar ◽  
Pekka Santtila ◽  
Jan Antfolk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Bayes Classifier ◽  
Naïve Bayes Classifier ◽  
False Allegations ◽  
The People ◽  
Gender Specific

Unfounded child sexual abuse (CSA) allegations take investigative resources from real cases and have detrimental consequences for the people involved. The Finnish Investigative Instrument of Child Sexual Abuse (FICSA) supports investigators by estimating the probability of a CSA allegation being true based on the child’s background information. In the current study, we aimed at making FICSA resistant to deception. Two gender-specific questionnaires with FICSA questions and additional “trap” questions were constructed. The trap questions seemed statistically related to CSA but were not. We combined the answers of 278 real victims and 275 16–year-old students, instructed to simulate being CSA victims, to build a Naïve Bayes classifier able to separate the two groups (AUC = 0.91 for boys and AUC = 0.92 for girls). By identifying false allegations early in the investigation, authorities’ resources can be directed towards allegations that are probably true, effectively helping actual CSA victims.

scholarly journals Use of Information Sources and Knowledge of Child Sexual Abuse in Ogun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Media ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Use Of Information Sources

Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) constitutes a severe threat to the social well-being of not only children but extends to their families, societies. In response to the global challenge of reducing the growing effect of CSA, this study investigated the use of information sources on child sexual abuse in Ogun State. The study further tested two hypothesis to find out if communication channels for child sexual abuse education has no significant influence on the knowledge of the residents of Ogun State as well as Communication channels for child sexual abuse has no significant influence on the perception of residents of Ogun State. The study revealed that residents of Ogun state Nigeria depended on the internet as an information source for child sexual abuse. In addition, it was revealed that communication channels for child sexual abuse has significant influence on the knowledge and perception of the residents of Ogun State. Consequent upon these findings, the study recommends an urgent development of advocacy messages against CSA in form of edutainment, drama, songs that will fit the new media platform

scholarly journals COVID-19 emergency response assessment study: a prospective longitudinal survey of frontline doctors in the UK and Ireland: study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e039851
Author(s):  
Tom Roberts ◽  
Jo Daniels ◽  
William Hulme ◽  
Daniel Horner ◽  
Mark David Lyttle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Professional Characteristics ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Time Point

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic is putting an unprecedented strain on healthcare systems globally. The psychological impact on frontline doctors of dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic is currently unknown. This longitudinal professional survey aims to understand the evolving and cumulative effects of working during the COVID-19 outbreak on the psychological well-being of doctors working in emergency departments (ED), intensive care units (ICU) and anaesthetics during the pandemic.Methods and analysisThis study is a longitudinal questionnaire-based study with three predefined time points spanning the acceleration, peak and deceleration phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.The primary outcomes are psychological distress and post-trauma stress as measured by the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R). Data related to personal and professional characteristics will also be collected. Questionnaires will be administered prospectively to all doctors working in ED, ICU and anaesthetics in the UK and Ireland via existing research networks during the sampling period. Data from the questionnaires will be analysed to assess the prevalence and degree of psychological distress and trauma, and the nature of the relationship between personal and professional characteristics and the primary outcomes. Data will be described, analysed and disseminated at each time point; however, the primary endpoint will be psychological distress and trauma at the final time point.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the University of Bath, UK (ref: 4421), and Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Ethics Committee. Regulatory approval from the Health Regulation Authority (UK), Health and Care Research Wales (IRAS: 281944).This study is limited by the fact that it focuses on doctors only and is survey based without further qualitative interviews of participants. It is expected this study will provide clear evidence of the psychological impact of COVID-19 on doctors and will allow present and future planning to mitigate against any psychological impact.Trial registration numberISRCTN10666798.

scholarly journals Using Mindful Attention Awareness Scale on male prisoners: Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch models

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254333
Author(s):  
Ali Poorebrahim ◽  
Chung-Ying Lin ◽  
Vida Imani ◽  
Shapour Soltankhah Kolvani ◽  
Seyed Abbas Alaviyoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Mindful Attention ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ◽  
Male Prisoners

Aim This study tested the construct validity (i.e., factor structure) of the Persian Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) on a sample of male prisoners. Methods All the participants (mean±SD age = 39.44±7.94 years) completed three scales—the Persian MAAS, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch analysis with differential item functioning (DIF) were applied to examine the construct validity of the MAAS. Specifically, the DIF was tested across different insomnia status (using ISI with a cutoff of 15), psychiatric well-being status (using GHQ-12 with a cutoff of 12), and age (using mean age of 39.44 as the cutoff). Results The CFA results showed a single factor solution for the Persian MAAS. The Rasch results showed all MAAS items fit in the construct (infit mean square [MnSq] = 0.72 to 1.41; outfit MnSq = 0.74 to 1.39) without displaying DIF items (DIF contrast = -0.34 to 0.31 for insomnia condition; -0.22 to 0.25 for psychiatric well-being; -0.26 to 0.29 for age). Conclusions The Persian version of the MAAS is, therefore, a valid instrument to measure mindfulness among Iranian male prisoners.

Child Sexual Abuse

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 236-249
Author(s):  
Kent P. Hymel ◽  
Carole Jenny
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Medical Interviewing ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Std Screening ◽  
Physical Findings

Multiple obstacles can hinder the medical evaluation of suspected child sexual abuse in pediatric primary care. The need for diagnostic accuracy is high. Knowledge of sexual abuse risk factors, an understanding of the victimization process, and awareness of the varied clinical presentations of sexual abuse can be of assistance. Open-ended questioning of the suspected victim is the most critical component of the evaluation. Skillful medical interviewing requires time, training, patience, and practice. Pediatricians lacking any of these four requirements should defer interviewing in sexual abuse cases to other professionals. Abnormal physical findings from sexual abuse are uncommon. Colposcopy has assisted pediatricians greatly in reaching consensus regarding diagnostic physical findings. Cases of acute sexual assault require familiarity with the forensic rape examination, STD screening and prophylaxis, and pregnancy prevention. Victimization from sexual abuse continues long after the abusive acts end, often requiring long-term therapeutic intervention. An emerging standard of care for medical evaluations of suspected child sexual abuse recognizes the requirement for patience and compassion while retaining objectivity. The pediatrician's primary concern must be for the child's physical and emotional well-being.

Historical Child Sexual Abuse

2018 ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
Joanne Stubley ◽  
Victoria Barker ◽  
Maria Eyres
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Developmental Trauma ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Therapeutic Encounter ◽  
Gender Specific

The chapter covers three areas in relation to historical child sexual abuse (HCSA). It reviews the historical perspective in terms of the response of psychiatry and psychotherapy and its relation to HCSA. It also examines the role of the mother in HCSA and it addresses a particular clinical issue which is the request for a gender-specific therapist made by those with a history of HCSA who are seeking help from services. Using a psychoanalytic understanding of this form of developmental trauma elucidates the underlying dynamics that are brought into the therapeutic encounter, the family dynamics, and within society.

“I Still Feel Like I Am Not Normal”: A Review of the Role of Stigma and Stigmatization Among Female Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse, Sexual Assault, and Intimate Partner Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie C. Kennedy ◽  
Kristen A. Prock
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Self Blame

Child sexual abuse (CSA), sexual assault (SA), and intimate partner violence (IPV) occur within social contexts that shape how survivors judge themselves and are evaluated by others. Because these are gendered sexual and intimate crimes that violate social norms about what is appropriate and acceptable, survivors may experience stigma that includes victim-blaming messages from the broader society as well as specific stigmatizing reactions from others in response to disclosure; this stigmatization can be internalized among survivors as self-blame, shame, and anticipatory stigma. Stigma and stigmatization play an important role in shaping survivors’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as they recover; their risk of revictimization; and their help-seeking and attainment process. In this review, we synthesize recent CSA, SA, and IPV research ( N = 123) that examines female survivors’ self-blame, shame, internalized stigma, and anticipatory stigma as well as negative social reactions in response to survivors’ disclosure. We highlight critical findings as well as implications for research, practice, and policy, and we note gaps in our current knowledge.

Self-Blame in Adolescents Who Have Been Sexually Abused: Factor Structure and Differential Correlates of Abuse-Specific and Global Measures

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110276
Author(s):  
Caitlin Rancher ◽  
Renee McDonald ◽  
Akihito Kamata ◽  
Mindy Jackson ◽  
Ernest N. Jouriles
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Highly Correlated

Self-blame appraisals are frequently studied among adolescents following sexual abuse. However, the conceptualization and operationalization of self-blame varies across studies, with some examining self-blame specific to the abuse and others examining global self-blame. The present study examined the factor structure and theorized correlates of measures of self-blame appraisals among a sample of adolescents who had been sexually abused ( N = 493, 91% female). Results of confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a two-factor model, in which abuse-specific and global self-blame appraisals load onto separate factors, produced a superior model fit compared with a single-factor model, though the two factors were highly correlated. Abuse-specific and global self-blame appraisals are differentially associated with theorized correlates, such as experiencing coercion during the abuse. Taken together, the findings suggest that adolescents’ abuse-specific and global self-blame appraisals following sexual abuse are measuring distinct constructs.

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