Dental Fluorosis: Variability among Different Inbred Mouse Strains

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 794-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.T. Everett ◽  
M.A.K. McHenry ◽  
N. Reynolds ◽  
H. Eggertsson ◽  
J. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Strain ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Mouse Model System

Concurrent with the decline in dental caries has been an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis, a side-effect of exposure to greater than optimal levels of fluoride during amelogenesis. The mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of dental fluorosis are not known. We hypothesize that genetic determinants influence an individual’s susceptibility or resistance to develop dental fluorosis. We tested this hypothesis using a mouse model system (continuous eruption of the incisors) where genotype, age, gender, food, housing, and drinking water fluoride level can be rigorously controlled. Examination of 12 inbred strains of mice showed differences in dental fluorosis susceptibility/resistance. The A/J mouse strain is highly susceptible, with a rapid onset and severe development of dental fluorosis compared with that in the other strains tested, whereas the 129P3/J mouse strain is least affected, with minimal dental fluorosis. These observations support the contribution of a genetic component in the pathogenesis of dental fluorosis.

scholarly journals Hydronephrosis in inbred strains of mice with particular reference to the BRVR strain

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Taylor ◽  
H. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Concomitant Infection ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Dietary Variation

Hydronephrosis occurred in 6 of the 13 inbred mouse strains maintained in the same colony. Its incidence was high only in the BRVR strain, where about half of the cases could only be detected microscopically. There was no concomitant infection even in severely abnormal BRVR kidneys and the incidence of the condition was not influenced by dietary variation. The hydronephrosis found, less frequently, in 5 of the other strains was of a different type from that in BRVR mice.

Allergen-induced airway disease is mouse strain dependent

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. L32-L42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Whitehead ◽  
Julia K. L. Walker ◽  
Katherine G. Berman ◽  
W. Michael Foster ◽  
David A. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lung Lavage ◽  
Airway Hyperreactivity ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Airway Eosinophilia ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

We investigated the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and inflammation in the lungs of nine genetically diverse inbred strains of mice [129/SvIm, A/J, BALB/cJ, BTBR+(T)/tf/tf, CAST/Ei, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and FVB/NJ] after sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). At 24, 48, and 72 h post-OVA exposure, the severity of AHR and eosinophilic inflammation of the mouse strains ranged from relatively unresponsive to responsive. The severity of the airway eosinophilia of some strains did not clearly correlate with the development of AHR. The temporal presence of T helper type 2 cytokines in lung lavage fluid also varied markedly among the strains. The levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were generally increased in the strains with the highest airway eosinophilia at 24 and 72 h postexposure, respectively; the levels of IL-5 were significantly increased in most of the strains with airway inflammation over the 72-h time period. The differences of physiological and biological responses among the inbred mouse strains after OVA sensitization and challenge support the hypothesis that genetic factors contribute, in part, to the development of allergen-induced airway disease.

Genetic divergence in mandible form in relation to molecular divergence in inbred mouse strains.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
W R Atchley ◽  
S Newman ◽  
D E Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Genealogical Relationship ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Molecular Divergence ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Genetic divergence in the form of the mandible is examined in ten inbred strains of mice. Several univariate and multivariate genetic distance estimates are given for the morphological data and these estimates are compared to measures of genealogical and molecular divergence. Highly significant divergence occurs among the ten strains in all 11 mandible traits considered individually and simultaneously. Genealogical relationship among strains is highly correlated with genetic divergence in single locus molecular traits. However, the concordance between genealogical relationship and multivariate genetic divergence in morphology is much more complex. Whether there is a significant correlation between morphological divergence and genealogy depends upon the method of analysis and the particular genetic distance statistic being employed.

scholarly journals Differential susceptibility of inbred mouse strains to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. G544-G551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mähler ◽  
Ian J. Bristol ◽  
Edward H. Leiter ◽  
Aletha E. Workman ◽  
Edward H. Birkenmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Mhc Haplotype

Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis represents an experimental model for human inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to screen various inbred strains of mice for genetically determined differences in susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Mice of strains C3H/HeJ, C3H/HeJBir, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, NOD/LtJ, NOD/LtSz- Prkdcscid/Prkdcscid , 129/SvPas, NON/LtJ, and NON.NOD- H2g7 were fed 3.5% DSS in drinking water for 5 days and necropsied 16 days later. Ceca and colons were scored for histological lesions based on severity, ulceration, hyperplasia, and area involved. Image analysis was used to quantitate the proportion of cecum ulcerated. Histological examination revealed significant differences among inbred strains for all parameters scored. In both cecum and colon, C3H/HeJ and a recently selected substrain, C3H/HeJBir, were highly DSS susceptible. NOD/LtJ, an autoimmune-prone strain, and NOD/LtSz- Prkdcscid/Prkdcscid , a stock with multiple defects in innate and adoptive immunity, were also highly DSS susceptible. NON/LtJ, a strain closely related to NOD, was quite DSS resistant. The major histocompatibility (MHC) haplotype of NOD mice ( H2g7 ), a major component of the NOD autoimmune susceptibility, was not crucial in determining DSS susceptibility, since NON mice congenic for this MHC haplotype retained resistance. C57BL/6J, 129/SvPas, and DBA/2J mice showed various degrees of susceptibility, depending upon the anatomical site. A greater male susceptibility to DSS-induced colonic but not cecal lesions was observed. In summary, this study demonstrates major differences in genetic susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis among inbred strains of mice. Knowledge of these strain differences in genetic responsiveness to acute inflammatory stress in the large intestine will permit design of genetic crosses to elucidate the genes involved.

Genetic control of susceptibility to ozone-induced changes in mouse tracheal electrophysiology

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. L6-L10
Author(s):  
M. Takahashi ◽  
S. R. Kleeberger ◽  
T. L. Croxton
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Filial Generation ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

Genetic factors influence the responses of humans and rodents to ozone (O3) inhalation. We previously demonstrated differential O3-induced decreases of tracheal potential (VT) in C57BL/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3) strain mice. To characterize the genetic basis of this strain-specific response, we measured VT in progeny of B6 and C3 strain mice and in six additional inbred strains of mice 6 h after O3 exposures (2 ppm x 3 h). First filial generation (F1) mice and second generation backcrosses with the resistant parent were uniformly resistant. The distribution of VT in second generation backcrosses with the susceptible parent resembled that of a population composed of resistant and susceptible mice in a 1:1 ratio. These data suggested simple autosomal recessive inheritance of susceptibility. However, overlapping distributions prevented statistical confirmation of that hypothesis. Strain screening revealed a susceptible phenotype in 129/J, A/J, B6, C3HeB/FeJ, and SJL/J and a resistant phenotype in AKR/J, C3, and CBA/J inbred mouse strains. Because this pattern of susceptibility to changes in VT differs from that of susceptibility to lung inflammation, the genetic factors that determine these two responses to acute O3 are not identical.

Genetic Analysis of Crown Size in the First Molars Using SMXA Recombinant Inbred Mouse Strains

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shimizu ◽  
H. Oikawa ◽  
J. Han ◽  
E. Kurose ◽  
T. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Tooth Crown ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Crown Size

Tooth crown size may be determined by both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting dental crown size and determine whether there is genetic independence between upper and lower teeth, using SMXA recombinant inbred strains of mice. Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters (MD and BL, respectively) of the upper and lower first molars (M1 and M1, respectively) were measured. For each trait, mean values of substrains showed a continuous spectrum of distribution. Genome-wide scan detected QTLs exceeding suggestive threshold levels for MD of M1 (chromosomes 7, 13, and 17), BL of M1 (chromosomes 8 and 13), MD of M1 (chromosomes 7 and 13), and BL of M1 (chromosomes 3 and 15). These findings suggest that tooth crown size is controlled by multiple genes, and that there is some independence of genetic control between M1 and M1.

scholarly journals Genetic monitoring of inbred strains of mice using monoclonal antibodies to major histocompatibility haplotypes and lymphocyte alloantigens

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Fernandez ◽  
M. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Genetic Monitoring ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

An enzyme immunoassay procedure is described for the identification of major histocompatibility haplotypes and lymphocyte alloantigens in 19 inbred mouse strains. The assay was found to be useful for the genetic monitoring of such mice.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Two Vaccine Candidates against Experimental Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania major Infection in Four Inbred Mouse Strains

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1529-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Benhnini ◽  
Mehdi Chenik ◽  
Dhafer Laouini ◽  
Hechmi Louzir ◽  
Pierre André Cazenave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Strain ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Preclinical Evaluation ◽  
Protein Disulfide

ABSATRCT Experimental leishmaniasis in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are the most investigated murine models that were used for the preclinical evaluation of Leishmania vaccine candidates. We have previously described two new inbred mouse strains named PWK and MAI issued from feral founders that also support the development of experimental leishmaniasis due to L. major. In this study, we sought to determine whether different mouse inbred strains generate concordant or discordant results when used to evaluate the potential of Leishmania proteins to protect against experimental leishmaniasis. To this end, two Leishmania proteins, namely, LACK (for Leishmania homolog of receptor for activated C kinase) and LmPDI (for L. major protein disulfide isomerase) were compared for their capacity to protect against experimental leishmaniasis in PWK, MAI, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 inbred mouse strains. Our data show that the capacity of Leishmania proteins to confer protection depends on the mouse strain used, stressing the important role played by the genetic background in shaping the immune response against the pathogen. These results may have important implications for the preclinical evaluation of candidate Leishmania vaccines: rather than using a single mouse strain, a panel of different inbred strains of various genetic backgrounds should be tested in parallel. The antigen that confers protection in the larger range of inbred strains may have better chances to be also protective in outbred human populations and should be selected for clinical trials.

scholarly journals Genetic Control of Mammalian Meiotic Recombination. I. Variation in Exchange Frequencies Among Males From Inbred Mouse Strains

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara E Koehler ◽  
Jonathan P Cherry ◽  
Audrey Lynn ◽  
Patricia A Hunt ◽  
Terry J Hassold
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Genetic Background Effects ◽  
Exchange Patterns ◽  
Positive Interference

AbstractGenetic background effects on the frequency of meiotic recombination have long been suspected in mice but never demonstrated in a systematic manner, especially in inbred strains. We used a recently described immunostaining technique to assess meiotic exchange patterns in male mice. We found that among four different inbred strains—CAST/Ei, A/J, C57BL/6, and SPRET/Ei—the mean number of meiotic exchanges per cell and, thus, the recombination rates in these genetic backgrounds were significantly different. These frequencies ranged from a low of 21.5 exchanges in CAST/Ei to a high of 24.9 in SPRET/Ei. We also found that, as expected, these crossover events were nonrandomly distributed and displayed positive interference. However, we found no evidence for significant differences in the patterns of crossover positioning between strains with different exchange frequencies. From our observations of >10,000 autosomal synaptonemal complexes, we conclude that achiasmate bivalents arise in the male mouse at a frequency of 0.1%. Thus, special mechanisms that segregate achiasmate chromosomes are unlikely to be an important component of mammalian male meiosis.

scholarly journals EVIDENCE THAT TWO LOCI PREDOMINANTLY DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCE IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE HIGH PRESSURE NEUROLOGIC SYNDROME TYPE I SEIZURE IN MICE

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-307
Author(s):  
R D McCall ◽  
D Frierson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Major Locus ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Most mammals tested, when exposed to increasing pressure in helium/oxygen atmospheres, exhibit progressive motor disturbances culminating in two, usually successive, well-differentiated convulsive seizures. The seizures are highly reproducible components of the constellation of events that collectively constitute the High Pressure Neurologic Syndrome (HPNS). In the present study, we present evidence that the mean difference in seizure threshold pressures of the first seizure to occur (HPNS Type I) between inbred mouse strains DBA/2J and C57BL/6J is predominantly determined (> 60%) by the expression of a major locus—possibly linked to the H-2 locus on chromosome 17—and a minor locus, probably unlinked. This outcome is derived from applications of the maximum likelihood modeling procedure of Elston and Stewart (1973) and Stewart and Elston (1973) to eleven models of genetic determinacy and tests (including breeding tests) of "preferred" models so derived using BXD recombinant inbred strains that show the following: The major locus exhibits conditional dominance characteristics depending upon compression rate and minor locus genotype. At a constant mean compression rate of 100 atm hr-1, the major locus manifests strong, though incomplete, dominance apparently independent of minor locus genotype. Its expression is, however, highly sensitive to compression rate, losing its dominance altogether at a linear rate of 1,000 atm hr-1. The major locus interacts with the weakly dominant and relatively compression-rate-insensitive minor locus to retain dominance at fast compression only when the dominant alleles of both loci are present. A principal finding of this study is that employing two compression rates permits fuller genetic characterization of murine high-pressure seizure susceptibility differences than could be achieved by use of a single compression rate.

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