Technical and Practical Issues in the Structure and Clinical Invariance of the Wechsler Scales

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence G. Weiss ◽  
Timothy Z. Keith ◽  
Jianjun Zhu ◽  
Hsinyi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wechsler Scales

Broad and Narrow CHC Abilities Measured and Not Measured by the Wechsler Scales

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn P. Flanagan ◽  
Vincent C. Alfonso ◽  
Matthew R. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Wechsler Scales

Analysis of the McCarthy Scales in Terms of Guilford's Structure of Intellect Model

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Wechsler Scales ◽  
Motor Tests ◽  
Structure Of Intellect

The new McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities were analyzed in terms of Guilford's structure of intellect model to evaluate the consonance of this model with the structure of McCarthy's scales. The motor tests were analyzed in terms of Guilford's psychomotor matrix. These analyses showed a great deal of consonance between Guilford's systems and McCarthy's scales. A comparison of the abilities assessed by the McCarthy scales, Stanford-Binet, WPPSI, and WISC indicated that the McCarthy and Stanford-Binet measure similar percentages of the various structure of intellect operations, contents, and products but that both batteries assess the operation of evaluation to a lesser degree than the Wechsler scales.

Wechsler Scales of Intelligence

2013 ◽  
pp. 3360-3364
Author(s):  
James Luiselli ◽  
Francesca Happé ◽  
Hillary Hurst ◽  
Stephanny Freeman ◽  
Gerald Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wechsler Scales

Wechsler Administration and Scoring Errors Made by Graduate Students and School Psychologists

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Oak ◽  
Kathleen D. Viezel ◽  
Ron Dumont ◽  
John Willis
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Wechsler Scales ◽  
Scoring Errors ◽  
Specific Error

Individuals trained in the use of cognitive tests should be able to complete an assessment without making administrative, scoring, or recording errors. However, an examination of 295 Wechsler protocols completed by graduate students and practicing school psychologists revealed that errors are the norm, not the exception. The most common errors included failure to administer sample items, incorrect calculation of raw scores, failure to record responses verbatim, and failure to query. Significant differences were found between specific error frequencies of students and practitioners. Adequate training in administering the Wechsler scales is clearly essential. Based on the outcome of this study, it is recommended that programs training students to administer cognitive assessments provide ample feedback, and that practicing psychologists maintain best practices and take part in continuing education regarding cognitive assessments.

Concurrent Validity of McCarthy's Scales

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1343-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo G. Arinoldo
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
School Age ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Scales ◽  
Primary Scale

Data on the concurrent validity of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised as the criteria, were compared with those of other studies. In the present work 40 children were given the McCarthy scales and one of the Wechsler scales depending on the age of the child. Significant moderate to strong correlations at the preschool and school-age levels between the General Cognitive Index of the McCarthy and Wechsler's IQs were noted.

Analysis of Performances by Normals and Retardates on Piagetian Reasoning Assessments as a Function of Verbal Ability

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 868-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Stephens ◽  
John A. Mc Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Wechsler Scales

Criticism has been addressed to the Piagetian method for assessment of cognitive development because of the technique's dependence on verbal report. In the present study a battery of 29 reasoning assessments and the appropriate form of the Wechsler scales were administered to 75 normals and 75 retardates. Analyses of covariance were performed to determine the effect of language development on cognitive development. In general, results support Piaget's contention that cognitive development is not totally dependent on concurrent language development.

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of the Burden of Central Nervous System Complications for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Soyon Lee ◽  
Dave Nellesen ◽  
Sedge Lucas ◽  
Jincy Paulose ◽  
Vivien A. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Wechsler Scales ◽  
Pro Instruments ◽  
Humanistic Burden

INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell disease (SCD), a complex genetic blood disorder involving multicellular interactions between blood and endothelial cells, is often accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) complications. Effects range from silent cerebral infarct (SCI) to abnormal blood flow, and consequent overt stroke. This study assessed the humanistic and economic burden associated with CNS complications in patients with SCD and identified patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments for future research. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL/CDSR and 11 congresses were searched to identify English language studies published from January 2000 to May 2020 and screened with predefined criteria by two independent researchers. Clinical trials (CT) or observational studies assessing humanistic burden, economic burden, or instruments used to measure burden in patients with SCD and CNS complications (N≥15) were included. Humanistic burden was broadly defined to include quality of life (QoL), symptoms and function. RESULTS: Of the 3194 articles identified, 34 were included. Study designs were 29% retrospective observational (10/34), 29% cross-sectional (10), 26% prospective (9), 9% randomized CT (3), and 6% systematic reviews (2). Study size varied widely (16-4,485 patients with SCD and CNS complications). 77% (26) focused on pediatric patients. Separately, 77% (26) were in a US setting. Overt stroke (12), stroke and SCI (11), or SCI only (7) were the most frequently described CNS complications. Twenty-five studies reported on humanistic burden, 18 of which measured cognitive function using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales. A significant decrease was reported in full scale (FS) (stroke vs. no stroke: 73.5 vs. 84.7; P=.04), verbal (abnormal vs. normal MRI: 74.1 vs. 84.6; P=.02), and performance IQ (stroke vs. no stroke: 69.5 vs. 81.5; P=.02) for patients with overt strokes or SCI compared to non-stroke SCD controls. Greater impairment was reported for overt stroke compared with SCI (multivariate meta-analysis of mean IQ difference: -10.3; P=.0013). In addition to stroke/SCI, socio-environmental factors (i.e., family income level, lack of college education) were significantly associated with a decrease in IQ (P=.005 and P=.023, respectively). Five studies assessed motor function, reporting significantly impaired function for patients with stroke compared to non-stroke SCD controls (Purdue Pegboard both hands: 7.5 vs. 10.1; P=.0001). Among children with SCD who had experienced their first stroke, those receiving hydroxyurea (HU) for prevention of recurrent stroke had significantly less moderate to severe motor disability (physician assessed) than children not receiving HU (23.1 vs. 88.9%; P<.001). Nine studies reported economic outcomes related to healthcare resource use (HCRU) (8) and direct costs (5). HCRU and cost to manage CNS complications are high, with a median LOS of 5 days (IQR 3-9) and median hospitalization charges of $18,956 (2012 USD) for patients with SCD and stroke. Treatment costs were also substantial in patients with SCI, with annual transfusion plus chelation costs ranging between $18,149 and $67,361/year (2016 USD). No studies reported indirect costs. While many studies used clinician-administered performance outcome (PerfO) measures such as the Wechsler Scales, only 1 study employed a PRO instrument: the Children's Depression Index. In addition to the Wechsler Scales, PerfO measures of cognitive function included the Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery (6 studies), Children's Memory Scale (4), and California Verbal Learning Test for Children (4). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review found that SCD patients with CNS complications often experience diminished cognitive/motor function and incur substantial costs. In particular, the mean FSIQ for SCD patients with stroke and SCI was reported to be 'extremely low' to 'low' (65.9 to 83.6) and 'low' to 'average' (77.2 to 95.9), respectively across studies. The Wechsler Scales were the most commonly used PerfO measure of cognitive function, while use of disease-specific PRO instruments was extremely limited. Given that the majority of published data focuses on children, future research is needed to evaluate the burden of disease for SCD adults with CNS complications, and to assess patient perspectives and QoL to better quantify aspects of burden beyond cognitive performance. Disclosures Lee: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Current Employment. Nellesen:Analysis Group, Inc.: Consultancy. Lucas:Analysis Group, Inc.: Consultancy. Paulose:Novartis Pharma AG: Current Employment.

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