scholarly journals Afterlives: Testimonies of Irish Catholic Mothers on Infant Death and the Fate of the Unbaptized

2020 ◽  
pp. 036319902096675
Author(s):  
Liam Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Infant Death ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Original Sin ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Irish Catholics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Unbaptized Infants

Older Irish Catholics remember a metaphysical space or place called Limbo. This was the destination of unbaptized infants. They could never enter Heaven because the stain of original sin had not been removed. In addition, they were denied burial in consecrated ground. Fear of such eventualities drove parents to baptize as soon as possible. Nor was this a purely Irish phenomenon. In emergency cases, even baptism in utero was permitted in some parts of Catholic Europe. The centerpiece of this study is the testimonies of Irish mothers and their remembrances of the perils of Limbo, the disposal of infant corpses (in cillíní), and “churching.” Why belief in Limbo has become almost extinct in recent decades is explored, drawing on both demand and supply side explanations. More generally, considerations of Limbo, the unbaptized, and the afterlife give rise to challenging questions as to secularization and even the definition of childhood.

scholarly journals Synergies of combining demand- and supply-side measures to manage congested streets

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Itani ◽  
Michael J. Cassidy ◽  
Carlos Daganzo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand And Supply

Risk of sudden infant death syndrome among infants with in utero exposure to cocaine

1988 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Bauchner ◽  
Barry Zuckerman ◽  
Mary McClain ◽  
Deborah Frank ◽  
Lise E. Fried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
In Utero Exposure

scholarly journals Determinants of Exports of Pakistan: A Country-wise Disaggregated Analysis.

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4II) ◽  
pp. 715-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseeb Zada ◽  
Malik Muhammad ◽  
Khan Bahadar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Empirical Bayesian ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Price And Income Elasticities ◽  
Trade Partners

Given the importance of international trade and export performance in economic growth, this study attempts to examine the determinants of exports of Pakistan, using a time series data over the period 1975-2008. A simultaneous equation approach is followed and the demand and supply side equations are specified with appropriate variables. This is a country-wise disaggregated analysis of Pakistan versus its trade partners and the estimation strategy is based on two approaches. First we employ the Generalised Methods of Moments (GMM), which is followed by the Empirical Bayesian technique to get consistent estimates. The GMM technique is believed to be efficient for time series data provided the sample size is sufficiently large. In case of small samples, the estimates might not be precise and might appear with unbelievable sign and insignificant magnitudes. To avoid the sample bias and other problems, we employ the Empirical Bayesian technique which provides much precise estimates. The factual results obtained via the GMM technique are a little bit mixed, although most of the coefficients are found to be statistically significant and carry their expected signs. In order to compare and validate these results, the Empirical Bayesian technique is employed. This offers considerable improvement over the previous results and all the variables are found to be highly significant with correct sign across the countries concerned with the exception of a few cases. The price and income elasticities in both the demand and supply side equations carry their expected signs and significant magnitudes for the trading partners. The findings suggest that exports of Pakistan are much sensitive to changes in the world demand and world prices. This establishes the importance of demand side factors like world GDP, Real exchange rate, and world prices to determine the exports of Pakistan. On the supply side, we find relatively small price and income elasiticities. The results reveal that demand for exports is relatively higher for countries in NAFTA, European Union and Middle East regions. The study recommends particular concentration on the trade partners in these regions to improve the export performance of Pakistan. Keywords: Exports, GMM, Empirical Bayesian Method, Pakistan

Populism in Bulgaria

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-86
Author(s):  
Blagovesta Cholova ◽  
Jean-Michel De Waele
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Populist Movements

This article explores the success of populist parties in Bulgaria during the last decade. The first section focuses on the definition of populism and identifies the main populist parties in this country. The second part presents the development of these parties and their specific characteristic as well as the evolution of the “three waves” of populism in Bulgaria. The last section addresses the reasons for the success of these parties both in terms of supply side (the electorate) and the demand side (the strategy of the parties). The main conclusion is that this country is a fertile ground for populist movements due to the attitude of the electorate and the niche on the right-side of the political spectrum and that newly created parties use this opportunity of win elections but they remain short-lived because they cannot continue to mobilize populist rhetoric when they are in office and often face rapid decline.

Problems and Holistic Solutions for Agricultural Businesses in Chiang Mai

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Industry Group ◽  
The Government ◽  
Integration Problems ◽  
Production Problems

This research aims to study the problems and find solutions of major agro-industries in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The sample was divided into two parts: The supply side was the government agency, educational institutions and civil society. Demand side was Agro-Industry entrepreneurs. The methodology was focus on meeting the stakeholder debate, and group workshop, the first step of the research was selected the potential agro-industry group to study then in the operating phase, the survey was conducted to analyze and synthesize the problems of agro-industry and find solutions by group meetings in order to present a holistic problem-solving model. This process will provide opportunity for stakeholders and related agencies to collaborate and propose appropriate guidelines for action. The results show that, within demand side, the three most important issues are labor issues, marketing and production problems respectively. While the supply side, the top three issues are the integration problems, lacking of language skills / expertise, and lacking of database. Based on the analysis of both demand and supply side, there is a lack of concrete cooperation from relevant agencies, especially in policy cooperation. Therefore, a policy that responds to the problems of agro-industry is essential for all agencies to focus on and implement concrete measures to address sustainable issues.

Development of an Information System for the Assessment of different Bioenergy Concepts Regarding Sustainable Development

2010 ◽  
pp. 318-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Schmehl ◽  
Swantje Eigner-Thiel ◽  
Jens Ibendorf ◽  
Martina Hesse ◽  
Jutta Geldermann
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Provide Decision Support ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Indicator Systems

From an environmental, economic, social, and technical perspective, this chapter focuses on a sustainability assessment of concepts for the energetic use of biomass in order to provide decision support for different options of biomass use. In rural areas, bioenergy concepts are of particular interest in this context. These can for example be biogas plants which are operated by electric service providers, or a biogas plant owned by one farmer, or bioenergy villages. The topic relates to the development of suitable criteria and to the adaption of existing indicator systems to the special requirements of sustainable biomass use for energy. The results of this sustainability assessment consider the different biomass concepts’ advantages and disadvantages, which are illustrated by multi-criteria valuation methods. Furthermore, the sustainability assessment of bioenergy concepts has specific requirements with regard to an information system in terms of data and information’s demand and supply side.

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