An engineering-based approach for design and fabrication of a customized nasal prosthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Neto ◽  
António Costa-Ferreira ◽  
Nuno Leal ◽  
Margarida Machado ◽  
Ana Reis
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Facial Defects ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Silicone Prostheses

Background and aim: Facial defects (from neoplasms, trauma, etc.) can be functionally and emotionally devastating. A non-invasive treatment for these defects is the application of external prostheses. Conventionally, these prostheses are fabricated by an anaplastologist through a manual procedure, which is an expensive and time-consuming approach. Current advances in computational and engineering tools report an improvement in design and manufacturing of silicone prostheses. This demand motivated this study that aims to develop a methodology for fabricating customized nasal prostheses. Technique: In this study, an 80-year-old woman with a total defect of the nose is considered as case-study. The proposed methodology entails six tasks: (a) data acquisition, (b) three-dimensional reconstruction, (c) prosthesis design, (d) moulds fabrication, (e) prosthesis manufacturing and (f) final fittings. Discussion: The presented approach showed encouraging outcomes since it saves time, reduces costs and allows the achievement of prosthesis with the minimum contact and discomfort to the patient, disclosing excellent aesthetic and functional results. Clinical relevance Custom-made nasal prostheses with minimum contact and discomfort for the patient can be achieved using an engineering approach based on digital technologies and additive manufacturing that is cost-effective and less time-consuming than the manual procedure.

The Use of Photogrammetry in Piping Design

1983 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Bracewell ◽  
U R Klement
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Positional Data

Piping design for ‘revamp’ projects in the process industry requires the retrieval of large amounts of ‘as-built’ data from existing process plant installations. Positional data with a high degree of accuracy are required. Photogrammetry, the science of measurement from photographs, was identified in Imperial Chemical Industries plc (ICI) as a suitable tool for information retrieval. The mathematical formulation enabling the definition of three-dimensional positions from photographic information is described. The process of using ICI's photogrammetric system for the definition of complete objects such as structures and pipes is illustrated. The need for specialized photogrammetric software for design purposes is explained. A case study describing how the photogrammetric system has been applied is described and graphical outputs from this exercise are shown. It is concluded that this particular photogrammetric system has proved to be a cost effective and accurate tool for the retrieval of ‘as-built’ information.

Contemporary Treatment for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitova D
Keyword(s):  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Short And Long Term

Aim: To study the short-and long-term results of 2RT nanosecond laser treatment for CSC. To compare clinical results with those with AntiVEGF. Methods: Nanosecond laser (2RT, Ellex) was used. Patients were followed by BCVA, FAF, OCT, Angio-OCT. Results: 90% of the patient treated with 2RT had improvement of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. 19 % [1] patients showed no improvement. 81% of the 2RT treated patients had total resorbtion of subretinal fluid against 60% treated with AntiVEGF. Functional results correlated with the atrophy of RPE in the macula. 46% (19 patients) had resolution on the first month, 23% [2]-on the third and 12% [3]-on the sixth month. The time of resolution shows no relation to the baseline pigment epithelial atrophy. Four patients presented with a recurrency of the disease in the follow-up period. 19% [1] were non responders. 60% of AntiVEGF treated eyes were responders and 40% were non responders. Those who responded to treatment needed between 3 and 10 injections. Conclusion: 2 RT is a non-invasive treatment modality with no adverse effects and high success rates.

scholarly journals A virtual diorama. Mapping archives in situ at places of cultural significance

1970 ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Jonathan Westin ◽  
Gunnar Almevik
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Historical Photographs ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Archive Material

Using the wooden church of Södra Råda as a case study, this article concerns new applications of technology to contextualise and activate archive material in situ at places of cultural significance. Using a combination of augmented reality and virtual reality, we describe a process of turning historical photographs and two-dimensional reconstruction drawings into three-dimensional virtual models that can be lined up to a physical space. The leading questions for our investigation concern how archive material can be contextualised, and how the result may be made accessible in situ and contribute to place development. The result of this research suggests possibilities for using historical photographs to faithfully reconstruct lost historical spaces as three-dimensional surfaces that contextualise documentation and offer spatial information.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Thermal Mapping from IRT Images for Rapid Architectural Heritage NDT

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Efstathios Adamopoulos ◽  
Monica Volinia ◽  
Mario Girotto ◽  
Fulvio Rinaudo
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Custom Made

Thermal infrared imaging is fundamental to architectural heritage non-destructive diagnostics. However, thermal sensors’ low spatial resolution allows capturing only very localized phenomena. At the same time, thermal images are commonly collected with independence of geometry, meaning that no measurements can be performed on them. Occasionally, these issues have been solved with various approaches integrating multi-sensor instrumentation, resulting in high costs and computational times. The presented work aims at tackling these problems by proposing a workflow for cost-effective three-dimensional thermographic modeling using a thermal camera and a consumer-grade RGB camera. The discussed approach exploits the RGB spectrum images captured with the optical sensor of the thermal camera and image-based multi-view stereo techniques to reconstruct architectural features’ geometry. The thermal and optical sensors are calibrated employing custom-made low-cost targets. Subsequently, the necessary geometric transformations between undistorted thermal infrared and optical images are calculated to replace them in the photogrammetric scene and map the models with thermal texture. The method’s metric accuracy is evaluated by conducting comparisons with different sensors and the efficiency by assessing how the results can assist the better interpretation of the present thermal phenomena. The conducted application demonstrates the metric and radiometric performance of the proposed approach and the straightforward implementability for thermographic surveys, as well as its usefulness for cost-effective historical building assessments.

scholarly journals Current strategies for the treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Tsagozis ◽  
Otte Brosjö
Keyword(s):  
Open Surgery ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Bone Cysts ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Aneurysmal Bone Cysts ◽  
Good Local Control

Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign bone tumors that usually present in childhood and early adulthood. They usually manifest as expansile osteolytic lesions with a varying potential to be locally aggressive. Since their first description in 1942, a variety of treatment methods has been proposed. Traditionally, these tumors were treated with open surgery. Either intralesional surgical procedures or <em>en</em> <em>bloc</em> excisions have been described. Furthermore, a variety of chemical or physical adjuvants has been utilized in order to reduce the risk for local recurrence after excision. Currently, there is a shift to more minimally invasive procedures in order to avoid the complications of open surgical excision. Good results have been reported during percutaneous surgery, or the use of embolization. Recently, sclerotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment, showing effective consolidation of the lesions and functional results that appear to be superior to the ones of open surgery. Lastly, non-invasive treatment, such as pharmaceutical intervention with denosumab or bisphosphonates has been reported to be effective in the management of the disease. Radiotherapy has also been shown to confer good local control, either alone or in conjunction to other treatment modalities, but is associated with serious adverse effects. Here, we review the current literature on the methods of treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts. The indication for each type of treatment along reported outcome of the intervention, as well as potential complications are systematically presented. Our review aims to increase awareness of the different treatment modalities and facilitate decision-making regarding each individual patient.

Analyzing Octopus Movements Using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1775-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoram Yekutieli ◽  
Rea Mitelman ◽  
Binyamin Hochner ◽  
Tamar Flash
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Light Refraction ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Computerized System

Octopus arms, as well as other muscular hydrostats, are characterized by a very large number of degrees of freedom and a rich motion repertoire. Over the years, several attempts have been made to elucidate the interplay between the biomechanics of these organs and their control systems. Recent developments in electrophysiological recordings from both the arms and brains of behaving octopuses mark significant progress in this direction. The next stage is relating these recordings to the octopus arm movements, which requires an accurate and reliable method of movement description and analysis. Here we describe a semiautomatic computerized system for 3D reconstruction of an octopus arm during motion. It consists of two digital video cameras and a PC computer running custom-made software. The system overcomes the difficulty of extracting the motion of smooth, nonrigid objects in poor viewing conditions. Some of the trouble is explained by the problem of light refraction in recording underwater motion. Here we use both experiments and simulations to analyze the refraction problem and show that accurate reconstruction is possible. We have used this system successfully to reconstruct different types of octopus arm movements, such as reaching and bend initiation movements. Our system is noninvasive and does not require attaching any artificial markers to the octopus arm. It may therefore be of more general use in reconstructing other nonrigid, elongated objects in motion.

scholarly journals Prefabricated Patient-Matched Cranial Implants for Reconstruction of Large Skull Defects

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. JCNSD.S11106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarle Sundseth ◽  
Jon Berg-Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deep Infection ◽  
Skull Defects ◽  
Cranial Defect ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Cranial Implant ◽  
Cranial Implants ◽  
The Individual

Cranial defects can be caused by injury, infection, or tumor invasion. Large defects should be reconstructed to protect the brain and normalize the cerebral hemodynamics. The conventional method is to cover the defect with bone cement. Custom-made implants designed for the individual patient are now available. We report our experience with one such product in patients with large cranial defects (>7.6 cm in diameter). A CT scan with 2 mm slices and a three-dimensional reconstruction were obtained from the patient. This information was dispatched to the company and used as a template to form the implant. The cranial implant was received within four weeks. From 2005 to 2010, custom-made cranial implants were used in 13 patients with large cranial defects. In 10 of the 13 patients, secondary deep infection was the cause of the cranial defect. All the implants fitted well or very well to the defect. No infections were seen after implantation; however, one patient was reoperated on for an epidural hematoma. A custom-made cranial implant is considerably more expensive than an implant made of bone cement, but ensures that the defect is optimally covered. The use of custom-made implants is straightforward and timesaving, and they provide an excellent medical and cosmetic result.

scholarly journals Objective Monitoring of mTOR Inhibitor Therapy by Three-Dimensional Facial Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth S. Baynam ◽  
Mark Walters ◽  
Hugh Dawkins ◽  
Matthew Bellgard ◽  
Anne R. Halbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Facial Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Objective Monitoring ◽  
Disease Biology

With advances in therapeutics for rare, genetic and syndromic diseases, there is an increasing need for objective assessments of phenotypic endpoints. These assessments will preferentially be high precision, non-invasive, non-irradiating, and relatively inexpensive and portable. We report a case of a child with an extensive lymphatic vascular malformation of the head and neck, treated with an mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor that was assessed using 3D facial analysis. This case illustrates that this technology is prospectively a cost-effective modality for treatment monitoring, and it supports that it may also be used for novel explorations of disease biology for conditions associated with disturbances in the mTOR, and interrelated, pathways.

scholarly journals Non Invasive Treatment to Relieve the Pain due to Headaches & Sinus using Vibration on Acupressure Points

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 585-588
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Common Term ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Head Neck

Headache is a common term that causes pain in the region of head, neck, and scalp. It is a neurological disorder. The nerves are tending to be in under stress condition. The main causes of the headache are due to stress, depression, tension, anxiety and due to some climatic changes, etc. Headache is classified into different types. Migraine, cluster headache, sinus, normal headache are some of the types of headache. Most headaches can be treated with some medication and neuro stimulator devices. This paper involves the usage of vibration by non-invasive method on the acupressure point of the human body which can relief the pain. The acupressure point is a pressure point, when used in a correct method will lead to decrease the level of pain. The vibration is provided by the motor vibrator and the frequency of the vibration is controlled by the arduino (Atmega 328). Frequency changes can be monitored by the pc. This vibration based treatment will effectively reduce the pain and also the device is cost effective and more comfortable to the patient.

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