What do adults think of music across the lifespan?

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562097278
Author(s):  
Giulia Ripani
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Large City ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Sociocultural Perspective ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Musical Thinking

Using the Theory of Social Representations as theoretical and methodological framework, the purpose of this study was to analyze adults’ mental images (social representations) of music and musical selves across the lifespan. Participants ( N = 74) were chosen using purposive sampling in various sociocultural contexts in a large city in the Southeastern United States. As previous studies documented, projective techniques (drawings and linguist associations) can access the most latent dimensions of thinking. Accordingly, drawings and linguistic associations to the textual stimuli “me,” “music,” and “music and me” were used to gain insights into adults’ mental images of music and musical selves. Participants were also asked to provide socio-demographic data that might affect or correlate with their responses. The Correspondences Analysis technique was used to reconstruct representational fields associated with the stimuli. For each stimulus, a five-factor extraction identified hidden dimensions in adult musical thinking and summarized the links between socio-demographic variables and adults’ responses. From a developmental perspective, the comparison of drawings and linguistic associations revealed stable and changing elements in adults’ representations of music and musical selves across the lifespan. From a sociocultural perspective, this study documented the influence of the variable ethnicity on adults’ responses.

Children’s Representations of Music, Musical Identities, and Musical Engagement: Content and Socio-Demographic Influences

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242942110650
Author(s):  
Giulia Ripani
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Large City ◽  
Primary Students ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Musical Engagement ◽  
Insight Into

Using the Theory of Social Representations as a theoretical and methodological framework, the purpose of this study was to describe children’s representations of music, musical identities, and musical engagement across middle childhood. Participants were primary students aged 8 to 11 ( N = 132) from four schools in a large city in the Southeastern United States. Previous studies have documented that projective techniques (linguistic associations with textual stimuli) can access latent dimensions of thinking. Accordingly, linguistic associations with the textual stimuli “music,” “music and me,” music at school,” and “music outside school” were used to gain insight into children’s representations of music, musical identities, and musical engagement. Participants were also asked to provide socio-demographic data that might influence their responses. The Correspondences Analysis technique was used to reconstruct representational fields associated with the stimuli. For each stimulus, a three-factor extraction identified hidden dimensions in children’s linguistic responses and summarized the links between contextual variables and children’s representations. Major findings suggest that children at increasingly younger ages express preferences and construct their own representations of music and musical identities.

scholarly journals An ecological study on suicide and homicide in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Adjusted Rates ◽  
Official Records

The objective was to evaluate correlations between suicide, homicide and socio-demographic variables by an ecological study. Mortality and socio-demographic data were collected from official records of the Ministry of Health and IBGE (2010), aggregated by state (27). The data were analyzed using correlation techniques, factor analysis, principal component analysis with a varimax rotation and multiple linear regression. Suicide age-adjusted rates for the total population, men and women were 5.0, 8.0, and 2.2 per 100,000 inhabitants respectively. The suicide rates ranged from 2.7 in Pará to 9.1 in Rio Grande do Sul. Homicide for the total population, men and women were 27.2, 50.8, and 4.5 per 100,000, respectively. The homicide rates ranged from 13.0 in Santa Catarina to 68.9 in Alagoas. Suicide and homicide were negatively associated, the significance persisted among men. Unemployment was negatively correlated with suicide and positively with homicide. Different socio-demographic variables were found to correlate with suicide and homicide in the regressions. Suicide showed a pattern suggesting that, in Brazil, it is related to high socioeconomic status. Homicide seemed to follow the pattern found in other countries, associated with lower social and economic status.

scholarly journals The Dental Aesthetic Index and Its Association with Dental Caries, Dental Plaque and Socio-Demographic Variables in Schoolchildren Aged 12 and 15 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9741
Author(s):  
Paula Fernández-Riveiro ◽  
Nerea Obregón-Rodríguez ◽  
María Piñeiro-Lamas ◽  
Almudena Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Ernesto Smyth-Chamosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Samples

The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was determined in 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren to ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion and to assess its association with dental caries experience, dental plaque accumulation, and socio-demographic variables. We performed a cross-sectional study with a stratified two-stage sampling design. An oral health survey and oral examination were conducted, and socio-demographic data were recorded. The sample comprised 1453 schoolchildren aged 12 (868) and 15 (585). These two samples were analyzed separately because statistically significant differences were found: the 12-year-old age group displayed a higher frequency of schoolchildren who attended state-run public schools (p = 0.004) and belonged to a lower social class (p = 0.001); the 15-year-old age group registered higher levels of caries (p = 0.001) and lower levels of dental plaque (p < 0.001). The malocclusion was 9.5% higher (p = 0.001), and the global mean DAI score was likewise higher among the 12-year-olds (p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis not only showed that caries and dental plaque were the variables that were the most strongly associated with malocclusion, but that caries (OR = 1.5) and dental plaque (OR > 2) were also risk factors for malocclusion in both groups. In conclusion, this study revealed a higher prevalence of malocclusion and dental plaque at age 12. A higher risk of caries and dental plaque was found to be related to the presence of malocclusion in both age groups.

scholarly journals Leadership Styles in Small and Medium Sized Business: Evidence from Macedonian Textile SMEs

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marjan Bojadjiev ◽  
Snezhana Hristova ◽  
Ivona Mileva
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Democratic Leadership

Since leaders can have a strong influence on the employees’ behavior, various approaches have been designed to determine the most effective style of leadership. As a field of study, the review of past research reveals that investigating leadership styles has been mainly focused on large businesses. Despite the great importance of leadership to SMEs, not many studies attempted to explore the leadership style embraced by SMEs, especially within the Macedonian context. The purpose of this study is to explore the presence of different leadership styles (autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire) in Macedonian SME. Moreover, in view of the main research objective, several demographic variables were examined, such as gender, age and working experience as to their relevance for the dominant leadership style, with a special focus on managers of small and medium sized businesses from the textile industry. Using a Leadership Style Questionnaire, the research measured different leadership styles in addition to collecting in-depth demographic data on each of the respondents. The research results have indicated that the democratic leadership is the dominant style of Macedonian textile SMEs.

scholarly journals Retirement decision-making influenced by family and work relationships

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desirée Ariane Modos Figueira ◽  
Maria do Carmo Lourenço Haddad ◽  
Raquel Gvozd ◽  
Paloma de Souza Cavalcante Pissinati
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Public University ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
The North ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Family And Work ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Abstract Objective: To identify the influence of family and work relationships on decision-making about retiring. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was carried out with 16 pre-retirees from a public university institution located in the north of Paraná, Brazil. Data were collected between July and November 2012 from three reflection groups that discussed aspects related to retirement. The Content Analysis technique was chosen for data analysis. For the theoretical basis of the results, the Theory of Social Representations was used. Results: Two categories emerged from discourse analysis: The influence of family relationships on decision-making about retiring and the influence of work relationships on decision-making about retiring. Conclusion: Family and work experiences influence decision-making about retiring, and become more important when the pre-retiree does not have post-career life projects, demonstrating the importance of the participation of workers in strategies to prepare for retirement during working life.

scholarly journals Modelling Influential Factors of Consumption in Buildings Connected to District Heating Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica Maljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Heat Consumption ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

Assessing the influential factors on measured (or allocated) heat consumption in district heating systems is often limited by the available data. Within a project of modelling consumption in district heating systems in Croatia for the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Environment, an access to a complete billing database of the largest Croatian district heating company was granted. The company supplies approximately 126,400 final consumers (both households and businesses) over 375 km of distribution network. The billing database has 40 vectors in a few million single inputs. In addition to these data, a questionnaire is distributed to the final consumers in several buildings labelled as “model buildings”, gathering behavioural and demographic data of final consumers (such as occupancy, mode of space usage, heat comfort level, age of occupants, etc.). The two sets of data are then merged, and a correlation analysis is performed. Furthermore, a two-step regression analysis is performed based on variables from billing database in the first step, with added behavioural and demographic variables obtained from the questionnaires in the second step. The models from two steps are compared, tested and interpreted. Results of the most influential factors on heat consumption in district heating systems are given and the influence of the behavioural/demographic variables on the prediction accuracy of heating consumption is interpreted.

scholarly journals Married Men Perceptions and Barriers to Participation in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Care in Osogbo, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola L. Adelekan ◽  
Elizabeth R. Edoni ◽  
Oladipupo S. Olaleye
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Mother To Child

Men’s role in HIV prevention is pivotal to changing the course of the epidemic. Men’s barriers toward participation in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) have not been adequately documented. This study is therefore designed to determine men’s level of awareness and barriers to their participation in PMTCT programmes in Osogbo, Nigeria. This study was a descriptive qualitative one that utilized Focus Group Discussion (FGD). One-hundred and sixty married men were selected by convenience sampling and interviewed. Data collected were analysed using content analysis technique. Demographic data were analysed using SPSS 15.0 software to generate frequency tables. Participants mean age was 31.9 ± 5.9 years. Many of the participants had heard about PMTCT and the majority agreed that it is good to accompany their wife to Antenatal Care (ANC) but only few had ever done so. Societal norms and cultural barriers were the leading identified barriers for male involvement in PMTCT programmes. The majority of the participant perceived it was a good idea to accompany their wife to antenatal care but putting this into practice was a problem due to societal norms and cultural barriers. Community sensitization programmes such as health education aimed at breaking cultural barriers should be instituted by government and nongovernmental agencies.

scholarly journals DISTRACTION TECHNIQUES: TELLING STORIES TO DECREASE PAIN FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN DURING INFUSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Lina Dewi Anggraeni ◽  
Widiyanti Widiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pediatric Nurses ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

Hospital procedures, such as infusions, are often associated with pain. Preschool-aged children who are hospitalized for infusions will often exhibit a strong fearful response because their concept of body integrity has not fully developed. One way to reduce the fear of infusion pain is by using stories as a distraction technique. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in the scale of pain between members of an intervention group, to which the distraction technique was applied, and a control group, to which it was not applied. The study used quasi-experimental methods, with intervention and control groups. The study was conducted on 46 preschool aged respondents (3-6 years old), divided into a 34 member intervention group and a 12 member control group and ran from September to December 2017 in one of the private hospitals in the East Bekasi. The research employed a questionnaire to collect demographic data and used the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale to assess pain levels. The data analysis technique used was the independent t-test. The results showed there was a difference of pain response between the intervention and control groups with P value < 0.05. Pediatric nurses are advised to use storytelling therapy as an option for providing atraumatic care intervention.  Keywords: Distraction Technique, Infusion installation, Pain, Stories, Preschool Abstrak Teknik Distraksi: Bercerita Menurunkan Nyeri Pada Anak Usia Pra Sekolah Selama Penggunaan Infus. Rasa sakit seringkali dikaitkan dengan salah satu prosedur rumah sakit yakni pemasangan infus. Reaksi anak prasekolah yang dipasang infus menunjukkan ketakutan yang luar biasa, hal itu disebabkan karena konsep integritas tubuhnya belum berkembang dengan baik. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi ketakutan akibat nyeri pemasangan infus pada prasekolah adalah teknik distraksi bercerita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan skala nyeri antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode quasy eksperimen, yang menggunakan kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 46 responden usia prasekolah (3-6 tahun) yang terdiri dari 34 kelompok intervensi dan 12 kelompok kontrol dari bulan September-Desember 2017 di salah satu Rumah Sakit Swasta di wilayah Bekasi Timur. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuisioner data demografi dan lembar observasi skala nyeri Wong Baker Faces Pain. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Uji Independent T test.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan respon nyeri antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai p= 0,012 (< 0.05). Perawat anak sebaiknya menggunakan metode bercerita sebagai sarana asuhan keperawatan atraumatik.  Kata kunci: Cerita, Nyeri, Pemasangan infus, Prasekolah, Teknik distraksi

scholarly journals A study to assess the knowledge on weaning practice among postnatal mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3601-3605
Author(s):  
Beautily V
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Female Baby

The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding weaning among the working mothers and to find the association between the level of knowledge regarding weaning among mothers of infant with their selected demographic variables. Descriptive approach will be used to conduct the study. Non experimental descriptive design will be adopted for the study. Study was conducted in selected area at kuthambakkam. The mothers who are having infants and residing in kuthambakkam. The mother who has only one baby, whose age is less than one year, was the study samples. The sample size was 30 mothers of infant. The sampling technique adopted for the study was non probability purposive sampling. Regarding demographic data 25 (83.33%) women are between the age of 24-30 years, most of them are having 1-2 (86.66%) number of children. Family status in that 27 (90%) of the women they are in middle class family and the religious 20(66.66%) of the women they are in Hindu. Out of 30 women in that 21 (70) of the women they are having female baby. Regarding the level of knowledge 22 (73.33%) women’s are having adequate knowledge, 5(16.66%) women’s are having moderate knowledge and then 3(10%) women’s are having inadequate knowledge. The association was done by using chi-square test there is significant association between knowledge with variable education and occupation at p = (0.05) significant levels. There is no significant difference with other demographic variables.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anxiety in Pregnancy during COVID 19 pandemic in Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailaja Khadka ◽  
Sumana Thapa ◽  
Ratna Khatri ◽  
Rosy Malla ◽  
Sumana Thapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Almost All ◽  
In Pregnancy

Aim: To determine the prevalence of anxiety in pregnancy during COVID19 pandemic in Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni Method: It is a cross sectional study conducted at Shree Birendra Hospital Chhauni from July to October 2020 following the ethical approval from IRC. All the pregnant women from first to last trimester attending outdoor visit were included; they were asked to fill up Beck Anxiety Index form. The level of anxiety was compared with demographic data like age, race, parity, and period of gestation, education and occupation. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 20 software. Results: A total of 385 presumably uninfected pregnant women were surveyed in 20-40 (28.45±3.95) years age group from 4 to 41 (27.15±9.4) weeks of pregnancy and 55.6% were multipara. Low-grade anxiety was found 99.5% (BAI= 3.06±3.66). Conclusions: Low-grade anxiety was found in almost all pregnant women during covid pandemic and there was no significant difference by demographic variables.

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