Foam bubble size is significantly influenced by sclerosant concentration for polidocanol but not sodium tetradecyl sulphate

2021 ◽  
pp. 026835552199501
Author(s):  
Kaichung Wong ◽  
David Ewan Connor ◽  
Osvaldo Cooley Andrade ◽  
Kurosh Parsi
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Spherical Bubbles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate ◽  
Microscopic Morphology

Objectives To determine the effect of liquid gas fraction (LGF), sclerosant type and concentration, and filter use on foam bubble size and count. Methods Sclerosant foam microstructure was investigated using light microscopy for a range of LGFs (1 + 2, 1 + 4 and 1 + 8), for both sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) and polidocanol (POL), at a range of concentrations (0.5–3%), with and without the addition of micro-filters. Foam was generated using a modified Tessari method and placed into wells for analysis by light microscopy. Foam microscopic morphology was photographically documented, and bubble diameters and counts were quantified. Results Spherical bubbles were observed at lower LGF and a trend towards polyhedral morphology was observed at the higher LGF of (1 + 8). The higher gas content in LGF led to larger but fewer bubbles. POL bubble diameters appeared to be more influenced by concentration than STS with smaller bubbles observed at higher concentrations of POL. The mean bubble diameters were slightly larger for STS than POL at the highest concentration of 3% but smaller at lower concentrations of 1% and 1.5%. Conclusions LGF is the primary determinant of bubble diameter and count. In contrast to STS, POL concentration influences the foam bubble size with smaller bubbles generated at higher concentrations of POL and larger bubbles appearing at low concentrations of this agent.

Localization of calcium and zinc in the sperm storage tubules of chicken, quail and turkey using X-ray microanalysis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Holm ◽  
H Ekwall ◽  
GJ Wishart ◽  
Y Ridderstrale
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sperm Storage Tubules ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sperm storage tubules from the utero-vaginal junction of chickens, quails and turkeys were analysed for calcium and zinc using X-ray microanalysis of ultra-rapidly frozen tissue in a scanning electron microscope. This technique enabled the tubular fluid surrounding the stored spermatozoa and the intracellular content of the cells of the sperm storage tubules to be analysed separately and, by using standards with known concentrations, their elemental concentrations were estimated. The mean (+/- SEM) concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid from chickens, quails and turkeys was 17 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3 and 17 +/- 4 mmol kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. The intracellular calcium concentration of the cells of the tubules did not differ significantly from these values and was also similar in the mucosal epithelial cells of the utero-vaginal junction. Zinc was localized in the cells of turkey sperm storage tubules and tubular fluid, but at low concentrations. No zinc could be detected in corresponding structures from chickens and quails. The concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid is within the range known to inhibit the motility of spermatozoa, supporting this function for calcium during storage. Zinc is known to depress turkey sperm metabolism and it may also be involved in inducing quiescence of spermatozoa during storage in this species.

Numerical modeling of the influence of bubbles on flow and heat transfer in the descending gas-liquid flow in a pipe

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
M.A. Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Eulerian Description ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Liquid Flow ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The paper presents the results of modeling the dynamics of flow, friction and heat transfer in a descending gas-liquid flow in the pipe. The mathematical model is based on the use of the Eulerian description for both phases. The effect of a change in the degree of dispersion of the gas phase at the input, flow rate, initial liquid temperature and its friction and heat transfer rate in a two-phase flow. Addition of the gas phase causes an increase in heat transfer and friction on the wall, and these effects become more noticeable with increasing gas content and bubble diameter.

Implications of body condition and seasonality on morphological and functional parameters of testes of Myotis nigricans (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira ◽  
Aline Soldati ◽  
Sirlene S. S. Rodrigues ◽  
Laércio dos Anjos Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
The Mean

The insectivorous bat Myotis nigricans is widely distributed throughout the Neotropics, including Brazil, and has a reproductive biology that is affected by climate and food availability. To evaluate the reproductive capacity of this species, morphofunctional parameters of the testes were correlated with environmental variables and the body condition of individuals captured. After bats had been killed, their testes were removed, fixed in Karnovsky’s fluid for 24 h and embedded in resin for evaluation by light microscopy. The mean annual tubulosomatic index (0.58%) and the percentage of seminiferous tubules in the testes (88.96%) were the highest ever recorded for the Order Chiroptera. The percentage of Leydig cells and volume of the cytoplasm of Leydig cells were higher in the rainy than dry season (80.62 ± 3.19% and 573.57 ± 166.95 μm, respectively; mean ± s.d.). Conversely, the percentage of nuclei of the Leydig cells in the dry season (26.17 ± 3.70%; mean ± s.d.) and the total number of Leydig cells (6.38 ± 1.84 × 109; mean ± s.d.) were higher in the dry season. The results of the present study could help in future conservation of these bats because they provide a better understanding of the bats’ reproductive strategies and how the species can adapt to changes.

Physiochemical properties and reproducibility of air-based sodium tetradecyl sulphate foam using the Tessari method

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike R Watkins ◽  
Richard J Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Bubble Size Distribution ◽  
Foam Density ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experienced Operator ◽  
Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate ◽  
Foam Production ◽  
Made In

Objectives The objectives were to examine the density, bubble size distribution and durability of sodium tetradecyl sulphate foam and the consistency of production of foam by a number of different operators using the Tessari method. Methods 1% and 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate sclerosant foam was produced by an experienced operator and a group of inexperienced operators using either a 1:3 or 1:4 liquid:air ratio and the Tessari method. The foam density, bubble size distribution and foam durability were measured on freshly prepared foam from each operator. Results The foam density measurements were similar for each of the 1:3 preparations and for each of the 1:4 preparations but not affected by the sclerosant concentration. The bubble size for all preparations were very small immediately after preparation but progressively coalesced to become a micro-foam (<250 µm) after the first 30 s up until 2 min. Both the 1% and 3% solution foams developed liquid more rapidly when made in a 1:3 ratio (37 s) than in a 1:4 ratio (45 s) but all combinations took similar times to reach 0.4 ml liquid formation. For all the experiments, there was no statistical significant difference between operators. Conclusions The Tessari method of foam production for sodium tetradecyl sulphate sclerosant is consistent and reproducible even when made by inexperienced operators. The best quality foam with micro bubbles should be used within the first minute after production.

scholarly journals Development of Bubble Characteristics on Chute Spillway Bottom

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Ruidi Bai ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Bingyang Feng ◽  
Shanjun Liu ◽  
Faxing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Dissipation Rate ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Bubble Size Distribution ◽  
Impact Zone ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Bubble Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Chute aerators introduce a large air discharge through air supply ducts to prevent cavitation erosion on spillways. There is not much information on the microcosmic air bubble characteristics near the chute bottom. This study was focused on examining the bottom air-water flow properties by performing a series of model tests that eliminated the upper aeration and illustrated the potential for bubble variation processes on the chute bottom. In comparison with the strong air detrainment in the impact zone, the bottom air bubble frequency decreased slightly. Observations showed that range of probability of the bubble chord length tended to decrease sharply in the impact zone and by a lesser extent in the equilibrium zone. A distinct mechanism to control the bubble size distribution, depending on bubble diameter, was proposed. For bubbles larger than about 1–2 mm, the bubble size distribution followed a—5/3 power-law scaling with diameter. Using the relationship between the local dissipation rate and bubble size, the bottom dissipation rate was found to increase along the chute bottom, and the corresponding Hinze scale showed a good agreement with the observations.

An in vitro Evaluation of Artificial Caries-like Lesions on Restored Overdenture Abutments

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.P. Kambhu ◽  
R.L. Ettinger ◽  
J.S. Wefel
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Abutment Teeth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Materials Used

An acidified dialyzed gelatin gel system was used to determine the caries resistance of a variety of restorative materials used to obturate the canal orifice of overdenture abutment teeth. The restorative materials used were Tytin, Tytin + Copalite, P30 + Scotchbond, Fuji Ionomer-Type II, and Miracle Mix. Polarized light microscopy and microradiography were used to examine the caries-like lesions adjacent to the restorations. The lesions formed in the Fuji Ionomer-Type II and Miracle Mix groups appeared arrested at the wall adjacent to the restoration, and did not penetrate apically down the wall as did those associated with the other restorative materials. The mean depths of lesions adjacent to Fuji Ionomer-Type II and Miracle Mix restorations were significantly less than those of Tytin, Tytin + Copalite, or P30 + Scotchbond.

scholarly journals Electroflotation of cassiterite fines using a hydrophobic bacterium strain

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorgio Gilberto Valdiviezo Gonzales ◽  
Gabriela Alejandra Huamán Pino ◽  
Maurício Leonardo Torem
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Rhodococcus Opacus ◽  
Bacterial Concentration ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Potential Contact ◽  
Bacterium Strain ◽  
The Mean

In this work, the electroflotation of cassiterite fine ranges using Rhodococcus opacus (R. opacus) as bioreagent has been carried out. The interaction between R. opacus and mineral surface was valued through the zeta potential, contact angles measurements and adsorption studies. Furthermore, studies were attempted to check the effect of current density and microorganism concentration on mean bubble size (Sauter). After the interaction, the resulting particles exhibited hydrophobic characters, as verified by the increase of the contact angle. Also, the electrophoretic mobilities of cassiterite particles showed a mean value close to zero after interaction with R. opacus. The measurement of bubble size by laser diffraction showed a mean bubble size of 26µm. Current density and bacterial concentration seem to be the main parameters affecting the mean diameter of the bubbles. An electroflotation test reported recovery of around 64.5% at pH 5, concentration of 2.87x10¹² cells/ml (50 mg/L) and current density of 51.4 mA/cm².

Bubble Formation From Porous Plates in Liquid Cross-Flow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Shepard ◽  
Eric Ruud ◽  
Henry Kinane ◽  
Deify Law ◽  
Kohl Ordahl
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Rectangular Channels ◽  
Gas Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flows ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Controlling bubble diameter and bubble size distribution is important for a variety of applications and active fields of research. In this study the formation of bubbles from porous plates in a liquid cross-flow is examined experimentally. By injecting air through porous plates of various media grades (0.2 to 100) into liquid flows in rectangular channels of varying aspect ratio (1–10) and gas/liquid flow rates the impact of the various factors is presented. Image processing techniques were used to measure bubble diameters and capture their formation from the porous plates. Mean bubble diameters ranged from 0.06–1.21 mm. The present work expands upon the work of [1] and further identifies the relative importance of wall shear stress, air injector pore size and gas to liquid mass flow ratio on bubble size and size distribution.

scholarly journals Acoustic Measurement in a Rectangular Bubble Column to Determine Bubble Size and Interfacial Area for Aqueous Solutions of Ethylene Glycol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 994-998
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Water System ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Specific Interfacial Area ◽  
Bubble Sizes ◽  
Distributor Plate

Bubble sizes in bubble column affect the bubble induced mixing of phases, interfacial area and transfer processes. Acoustic technique is used to measure bubble size distribution in a rectangular bubble column of cross section 0.2m x 0.02m for air sparged into water and aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol. Five condenser mikes at intermediate distance of 0.05 m measured above the distributor plate were used to find out the variation of bubble size as the bubbles move up. Sauter-mean bubble diameter and specific interfacial area were estimated from bubble size distribution at several superficial air velocity, static bed height, distance above the distributor plate and ethylene glycol concentration. The BSD exhibited mono-modal distribution and indicated non-uniform homogeneous bubbling regime. Sauter-mean bubble diameter is independent of superficial gas velocity, static bed height and concentration of EG, although, the values were higher than that for air-water system. Sauter-mean bubble diameter decreases as the bubbles move up indicating bubble breakup to take place once the bubbles leave the sparger. The value of interfacial area increases as the static bed height decreases and distance above the distributor plate increases. For air-ethylene glycol solution the values of specific interfacial area are about 200% higher than that observed in case of air-water system. The acoustic technique may be used to measure local values of bubble sizes and specific interfacial area.

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