scholarly journals A comparative study of salient petroleum features of the Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic succession in major petroliferous basins in the world

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Liu ◽  
Zhijun Jin ◽  
Guoping Bai ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Ming Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Williston Basin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Michigan Basin ◽  
Hydrocarbon Accumulation ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
The World

The Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine facies successions are developed in more than 20 basins with low exploration degree in the world. Some large-scale carbonate oil and gas fields have been found in the oldest succession in the Tarim Basin, Ordos Basin, Sichuan Basin, Permian Basin, Williston Basin, Michigan Basin, East Siberia Basin, and the Oman Basin. In order to reveal the hydrocarbon enrichment roles in the oldest succession, basin formation and evolution, hydrocarbon accumulation elements, and processes in the eight major basins are studied comparatively. The Williston Basin and Michigan Basin remained as stable cratonic basins after formation in the early Paleozoic, while the others developed into superimposed basins undergone multistage tectonic movements. The eight basins were mainly carbonate deposits in the Proterozoic–early Paleozoic having different sizes, frequent uplift, and subsidence leading to several regional unconformities. The main source rock is shale with total organic carbon content of generally greater than 1% and type I/II organic matters. Various types of reservoirs, such as karst reservoir, dolomite reservoir, reef-beach body reservoirs are developed. The reservoir spaces are mainly intergranular pore, intercrystalline pore, dissolved pore, and fracture. The reservoirs are highly heterogeneous with physical property changing greatly and consist mainly of gypsum-salt and shale cap rocks. The trap types can be divided into structural, stratigraphic, lithological, and complex types. The oil and gas reservoir types are classified according to trap types where the structural reservoirs are mostly developed. Many sets of source rocks are developed in these basins and experienced multistage hydrocarbon generation and expulsion processes. In different basins, the hydrocarbon accumulation processes are different and can be classified into two types, one is the process through multistage hydrocarbon accumulation with multistage adjustment and the other is the process through early hydrocarbon accumulation and late preservation.

scholarly journals Petroleum Potential of the Deep Ordovician- Lower Devonian Oil and Gas Complex in the South-East of the Timan-Pechora Petroleum Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-283
Author(s):  
E.A. Kuznetsovа ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
The South ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Petroleum Potential ◽  
Middle Paleozoic ◽  
Gas Potential

The article is devoted to the assessment of the oil and gas potential of the deep Ordovician-Lower Devonian oil and gas complex in the south-east of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province. Within the Upper Pechora Basin of the Pre-Ural trough and in the south of the Pechora-Kolva aulacogen, several wells were drilled with a depth of more than 5 km, some of which entered the Lower Paleozoic deposits. These strata are difficult to access and poorly studied, and the prospects for their oil and gas potential are unclear. The article describes the composition of the complex, gives geochemical characteristics, describes reservoir properties, and presents the results of 1D and 2D basin modeling. Models of the zoning of catagenesis are presented. The oil and gas complex includes a variety of oil and gas source rocks. It is possible to allocate collectors, as well as the seals. In the Lower Paleozoic sediments, the processes of oil, gas and gas condensate generation took place, which could ensure the formation of deposits both in the deep strata of the Lower and Middle Paleozoic, and in the overlying horizons. The generation and accumulation of hydrocarbons in deep-buried sediments occurred at a favorable time for the formation of deposits. However, it is considered that the scale of hydrocarbon generation for the Lower Paleozoic deposits is not high.

Analysis of Fault Characteristics and Reservoir Forming Control in Middle Fault Depression Belt in Hailer-Tamtsag Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Yong He Sun ◽  
Lin Kang ◽  
Feng Xiang Yang ◽  
Xue Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Type I ◽  
Weathering Crust ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Block Boundary ◽  
System Type ◽  
Fracture Damage ◽  
Buried Hill

In order to reveal in middle fault depression belt of Hailer-Tamtsag Basin buried hill oil and gas migration and accumulation characteristics, we summarize controlling effect of fault on oil and gas migration and accumulation of buried hill, which by analysing genetic mechanism of buried hills based on fault systems formation and evolution. Research shows that three types of fault system in Hailer-Tamtsag Basin: early stretched fault system(Type I), early stretched middle tensile shearing fault system(Type I-II), early stretched middle tensile shearing reverse late fault system(Type I-II-III). Type I-II and I-II-III are stretching by NW tensional stress in Nantun group ,which afford tectonic framework for syngenesis buried hill and epigenetic buried hill. Type I make buried hills complicated .It is also favorable to ancient geomorphological buried hill in the fault less affected zones. Although they formed cracks dense zone easier, Type I-II and I-II-III fault system damage the reservoir which is not conducive to " hydrocarbon-supplying window " formation; Type I fault system have less promotion on the development of the buried hill reservoir, while it is conducive to hydrocarbon accumulation as the block boundary in buried hill hydrocarbon. Fault formed source rocks two kinds for hydrocarbon mode: unidirectional and bidirectional, which formed two reservoir-forming pattern: Unidirectional transportation hydrocarbon of weathering crust or hydrocarbon of fracture damage zones and bidirectional transportation hydrocarbon of weathering crust or hydrocarbon of fracture damage zones.

Controlling Factors of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Talaha-Changjiaweizi Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1175-1178
Author(s):  
Hong Qi Yuan ◽  
Ying Hua Yu ◽  
Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Accumulation ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Main Controlling Factors ◽  
Sedimentary Microfacies ◽  
Plane Distribution ◽  
Distributary Channel

Based on the analysis of the relationships between the conditions of structures, sedimentations, source rocks, cap rocks, faults, oil and gas migration passages and traps and hydrocarbon accumulation, the controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution was studied in Talaha-changjiaweizi area. It is held that the source rocks control the hydrocarbon vertical distribution, the drainage capabilities control the hydrocarbon plane distribution, fracture belts control the hydrocarbon accumulation of Talaha syncline, underwater distributary channel is a favorable accumulation environment and reservoir physical properties control the oil and water distributions. Therefore, it is concluded that source rocks, fracture belts, sedimentary microfacies and reservoir physical properties are the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in Talaha-changjiaweizi area.

scholarly journals Evaluation of hydrocarbons generated from the Permo-Carboniferous source rocks in Huanghua Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1229-1244
Author(s):  
Xiao-Rong Qu ◽  
Yan-Ming Zhu ◽  
Wu Li ◽  
Xin Tang ◽  
Han Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Burial History ◽  
Bohai Bay Basin ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
The North ◽  
Huanghua Depression ◽  
History Of

The Huanghua Depression is located in the north-centre of Bohai Bay Basin, which is a rift basin developed in the Mesozoic over the basement of the Huabei Platform, China. Permo-Carboniferous source rocks were formed in the Huanghua Depression, which has experienced multiple complicated tectonic alterations with inhomogeneous uplift, deformation, buried depth and magma effect. As a result, the hydrocarbon generation evolution of Permo-Carboniferous source rocks was characterized by discontinuity and grading. On the basis of a detailed study on tectonic-burial history, the paper worked on the burial history, heating history and hydrocarbon generation history of Permo-Carboniferous source rocks in the Huanghua Depression combined with apatite fission track testing and fluid inclusion analyses using the EASY% Ro numerical simulation. The results revealed that their maturity evolved in stages with multiple hydrocarbon generations. In this paper, we clarified the tectonic episode, the strength of hydrocarbon generation and the time–spatial distribution of hydrocarbon regeneration. Finally, an important conclusion was made that the hydrocarbon regeneration of Permo-Carboniferous source rocks occurred in the Late Cenozoic and the subordinate depressions were brought forward as advantage zones for the depth exploration of Permo-Carboniferous oil and gas in the middle-northern part of the Huanghua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China.

scholarly journals New exploration strategy in igneous petroliferous basins – Enlightenment from simulation experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-985
Author(s):  
Qingqiang Meng ◽  
Jiajun Jing ◽  
Jingzhou Li ◽  
Dongya Zhu ◽  
Ande Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbon ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hydrocarbon Productivity

There are two kinds of relationships between magmatism and the generation of hydrocarbons from source rocks in petroliferous basins, namely: (1) simultaneous magmatism and hydrocarbon generation, and (2) magmatism that occurs after hydrocarbon generation. Although the influence of magmatism on hydrocarbon source rocks has been extensively studied, there has not been a systematic comparison between these two relationships and their influences on hydrocarbon generation. Here, we present an overview of the influence of magmatism on hydrocarbon generation based on the results of simulation experiments. These experiments indicate that the two relationships outlined above have different influences on the generation of hydrocarbons. Magmatism that occurred after hydrocarbon generation contributed deeply sourced hydrogen gas that improved liquid hydrocarbon productivity between the mature and overmature stages of maturation, increasing liquid hydrocarbon productivity to as much as 451.59% in the case of simulation temperatures of up to 450°C during modelling where no hydrogen gas was added. This relationship also increased the gaseous hydrocarbon generation ratio at temperatures up to 450°C, owing to the cracking of initially generated liquid hydrocarbons and the cracking of kerogen. Our simulation experiments suggest that gaseous hydrocarbons dominate total hydrocarbon generation ratios for overmature source rocks, resulting in a change in petroleum accumulation processes. This in turn suggests that different exploration strategies are warranted for the different relationships outlined above. For example, simultaneous magmatism and hydrocarbon generation in an area means that exploration should focus on targets likely to host large oilfields, whereas in areas with magmatism that post-dates hydrocarbon generation the exploration should focus on both oil and gas fields. In addition, exploration strategies in igneous petroliferous basins should focus on identifying high-quality reservoirs as well as determining the relationship between magmatism and initial hydrocarbon generation.

scholarly journals Fluid geochemistry of the Jurassic Ahe Formation and implications for reservoir formation in the Dibei area, Tarim Basin, northwest China

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangfeng Zhao ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Zhenhong Wang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Hongxing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Coal Measure ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Jurassic Coal

The condensate gas reservoirs of the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the Dibei area of the Tarim Basin, northwest China are typical tight sandstone gas reservoirs and contain abundant resources. However, the hydrocarbon sources and reservoir accumulation mechanism remain debated. Here the distribution and geochemistry of fluids in the Ahe gas reservoirs are used to investigate the formation of the hydrocarbon reservoirs, including the history of hydrocarbon generation, trap development, and reservoir evolution. Carbon isotopic analyses show that the oil and natural gas of the Ahe Formation originated from different sources. The natural gas was derived from Jurassic coal measure source rocks, whereas the oil has mixed sources of Lower Triassic lacustrine source rocks and minor amounts of coal-derived oil from Jurassic coal measure source rocks. The geochemistry of light hydrocarbon components and n-alkanes shows that the early accumulated oil was later altered by infilling gas due to gas washing. Consequently, n-alkanes in the oil are scarce, whereas naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons with the same carbon numbers are relatively abundant. The fluids in the Ahe Formation gas reservoirs have an unusual distribution, where oil is distributed above gas and water is locally produced from the middle of some gas reservoirs. The geochemical characteristics of the fluids show that this anomalous distribution was closely related to the dynamic accumulation of oil and gas. The period of reservoir densification occurred between the two stages of oil and gas accumulation, which led to the early accumulated oil and part of the residual formation water being trapped in the tight reservoir. After later gas filling into the reservoir, the fluids could not undergo gravity differentiation, which accounts for the anomalous distribution of fluids in the Ahe Formation.

scholarly journals GEOCHEMICAL AND GEOSTATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF CRETACEOUS COALS AND SHALES IN SOME NIGERAIN SEDIMENTARY BASINS FOR THEIR HYDROCARBON PRONESS AND MATURITY LEVELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
The Impact

The Rock–Eval pyrolysis and LECO analysis for 9 shale and 12 coal samples, as well as, geostatistical analysis have been used to investigate source rock characteristics, correlation between the assessed parameters (QI, BI, S1, S2, S3, HI, S1 + S2, OI, PI, TOC) and the impact of changes in the Tmax on the assessed parameters in the Cretaceous Sokoto, Anambra Basins and Middle Benue Trough of northwestern, southeastern and northcentral Nigeria respectively. The geochemical results point that about 97% of the samples have TOC values greater than the minimum limit value (0.5 wt %) required to induce hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. Meanwhile, the Dukamaje and Taloka shales and Lafia/Obi coal are found to be fair to good source rock for oil generation with slightly higher thermal maturation. The source rocks are generally immature through sub-mature to marginal mature with respect to the oil and gas window, while the potential source rocks from the Anambra Basin are generally sub-mature grading to mature within the oil window. The analyzed data were approached statistically to find some relations such as factors, and clusters concerning the examination of the source rocks. These factors were categorized into type of organic matter and organic richness, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potency. In addendum, cluster analysis separated the source rocks in the study area into two groups. The source rocks characterized by HI >240 (mg/g), TOC from 58.89 to 66.43 wt %, S1 from 2.01 to 2.54 (mg/g) and S2 from 148.94 to 162.52 (mg/g) indicating good to excellent source rocks with kerogen of type II and type III and are capable of generating oil and gas. Followed by the Source rocks characterized by HI <240 (mg/g), TOC from 0.94 to 36.12 wt%, S1 from 0.14 to 0.72 (mg/g) and S2 from 0.14 to 20.38 (mg/g) indicating poor to good source rocks with kerogen of type III and are capable of generating gas. Howeverr, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis shows a significant positive correlation between TOC and S1, S2 and HI and no correlation between TOC and Tmax, highly negative correlation between TOC and OI and no correlation between Tmax and HI. Keywords- Cretaceous, Geochemical, Statistical, Cluster; Factor analyses.

scholarly journals Petrography and Organic Geochemistry Characterizations of Lower Paleozoic Organic-Rich Shale in the Northwestern Upper Yangtze Plate: Niutitang Formation and Longmaxi Formation, Dabashan Foreland Belt

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delu Li ◽  
Rongxi Li ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Geochemistry ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Longmaxi Formation ◽  
Niutitang Formation

Measurements of total organic carbon, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, maceral examination, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were conducted on the organic-rich shale of Lower Paleozoic Niutitang Formation and Longmaxi Formation in Dabashan foreland belt to discuss the organic matter characteristic, organic matter origin, redox condition, and salinity. The results indicate that the Niutiang Formation and Longmaxi Formation organic-rich shale are good and very good source rocks with Type I kerogen. Both of the shales have reached mature stage for generating gas. Biomarker analyses indicate that the organic matter origin of Niutitang Formation and Longmaxi Formation organic-rich shale are all derived from the lower bacteria and algae, and the organic matter are all suffered different biodegradation degrees. During Niutitang Formation and Longmaxi Formation period, the redox conditions are both anoxic with no stratification and the sedimentary water is normal marine water.

Liquid hydrocarbon characterization of the lacustrine Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China: Organic-matter source variation and thermal maturity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. SF225-SF242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Sun ◽  
Quansheng Liang ◽  
Chengfu Jiang ◽  
Daniel Enriquez ◽  
Tongwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Yanchang Formation

Source-rock samples from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin of China were geochemically characterized to determine variations in depositional environments, organic-matter (OM) source, and thermal maturity. Total organic carbon (TOC) content varies from 4 wt% to 10 wt% in the Chang 7, Chang 8, and Chang 9 members — the three OM-rich shale intervals. The Chang 7 has the highest TOC and hydrogen index values, and it is considered the best source rock in the formation. Geochemical evidence indicates that the main sources of OM in the Yanchang Formation are freshwater lacustrine phytoplanktons, aquatic macrophytes, aquatic organisms, and land plants deposited under a weakly reducing to suboxic depositional environment. The elevated [Formula: see text] sterane concentration and depleted [Formula: see text] values of OM in the middle of the Chang 7 may indicate the presence of freshwater cyanobacteria blooms that corresponds to a period of maximum lake expansion. The OM deposited in deeper parts of the lake is dominated by oil-prone type I or type II kerogen or a mixture of both. The OM deposited in shallower settings is characterized by increased terrestrial input with a mixture of types II and III kerogen. These source rocks are in the oil window, with maturity increasing with burial depth. The measured solid-bitumen reflectance and calculated vitrinite reflectance from the temperature at maximum release of hydrocarbons occurs during Rock-Eval pyrolysis ([Formula: see text]) and the methylphenanthrene index (MPI-1) chemical maturity parameters range from 0.8 to [Formula: see text]. Because the thermal labilities of OM are associated with the kerogen type, the required thermal stress for oil generation from types I and II mixed kerogen has a higher and narrower range of temperature for hydrocarbon generation than that of OM dominated by type II kerogen or types II and III mixed kerogen deposited in the prodelta and delta front.

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