scholarly journals Quantifying the performance of a passive deaerator in a gas-fired closed loop domestic wet central heating system

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-286
Author(s):  
David Johnston ◽  
David Glew ◽  
Dominic Miles-Shenton ◽  
Moaad Benjaber ◽  
Richard Fitton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
The Uk

In the UK, approximately 16% of the energy use can be attributed to domestic wet central heating systems. Government financial support and advances in technology have led to boilers becoming more efficient and a range of technologies are now available that claim to be able to improve the efficiency of domestic wet central heating systems. One such low cost technology is a passive deaerator. This article presents the results obtained from installing a passive deaerator on the closed loop of a gas-fired wet central heating system, under controlled conditions in the Salford Energy House. The results indicate that although marginally less heat output was required from the boiler when the passive deaerator was operating, these savings are more or less out weighted by the boiler short cycling more frequently. Consequently, the overall reduction is gas consumption achieved by utilising the passive deaerator device is only of the order of 0.5%; this scale of savings may just be a consequence of measurement noise. The implications are that although a marginal benefit may be attributed to these products, if short cycling takes place, then these savings may become insignificant. Practical application: This article describes a test method that has been used to quantify the energy savings that could be achieved by installing a passive deaerator on the closed loop of a wet central heating system. Although the results indicate that the energy savings associated with using such a device are likely to be marginal, the test method described could be used to test a range of other devices that claim to improve the performance of domestic wet central heating systems, to directly compare before and after performance.

scholarly journals Impacts on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Heating Energy Use in Hellenic Dwellings from Occupant Behavioral Reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6254
Author(s):  
Elena G. Dascalaki ◽  
Constantinos A. Balaras
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Audits

In an effort to reduce the operational cost of their dwellings, occupants may even have to sacrifice their indoor thermal comfort conditions. Following the economic recession in Greece over recent years, homeowners have been forced to adapt their practices by shortening heating hours, lowering the indoor thermostat settings, isolating spaces that are not heated or even turning off their central heating system and using alternative local heating systems. This paper presents the results from over 100 occupant surveys using questionnaires and walk-through energy audits in Hellenic households that documented how occupants operated the heating systems in their dwellings and the resulting indoor thermal comfort conditions and actual energy use. The results indicate that the perceived winter thermal comfort conditions were satisfactory in only half of the dwellings, since the actual operating space heating periods averaged only 5 h (compared with the assumed 18 h in standard conditions), while less than half heated their entire dwellings and only a fifth maintained an indoor setpoint temperature of 20 °C, corresponding to standard comfort conditions. Mainstream energy conservation measures include system maintenance, switching to more efficient systems, reducing heat losses and installing controls. This information is then used to derive empirical adaptation factors for bridging the gap between the calculated and actual energy use, making more realistic estimates of the expected energy savings following building renovations, setting prudent targets for energy efficiency and developing effective plans toward a decarbonized building stock.

scholarly journals Essays on the economics of energy and real estate management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ghislaine Lang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
Ex Ante

Building energy retrofits are popular targets of public incentive schemes to curb emissions. For an efficient allocation of resources, policy-makers are required to compare benefit estimates of avoided carbon emissions with reliable estimates of each intervention's associated implicit carbon price (i.e., the net social cost of reducing CO$_2$ emissions by one tonne). In this thesis, I use data for a unique portfolio of 548 multi-unit buildings to provide novel evidence on heterogeneous effects of alternative energy efficiency interventions on energy use and the implicit carbon price. My results confirm that frequently subsidized measures such as wall insulation and windows replacement achieve significant energy savings, yet turn out to be a relatively expensive strategy to abate CO$_2$. By contrast, findings for smart thermostats suggest that new technologies can achieve significant savings at a relatively low cost. Despite public incentive schemes and the expected private and pro-social benefits, the level of realized investments remains low, and a burgeoning literature proposes ex-ante information to guide owners' investment decisions. In this context, this thesis also includes a discrete choice experiment on a sample of 511 homeowners to estimate their valuation of alternative replacement heating appliances. Results show that homeowners' willingness to invest in energy efficiency goes beyond financial savings, and that choices are unaffected by ex-ante information on heating costs. By contrast, this thesis also includes a stated choice multiple price list applied to 406 tenants in order to estimate acceptability of rent increases in exchange for improved energy efficiency of the heating system. Findings show that tenants' average willingness to pay for energy efficiency is statistically and economically significant, and can be stimulated further with ex-ante information on heating costs. Information on CO$_2$ tax payments has no incremental effect.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGY OF THE PRIMARY DATA RECONSTRUCTION OF SINGLE PIPE HEATING SYSTEMS/VIENVAMZDŽIŲ ŠILDYMO SISTEMŲ PIRMINIŲ DUOMENŲ NUSTATYMO METODIKA

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-322
Author(s):  
Edvardas Tuomas ◽  
Saulius Neverbickas
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Complex Coefficient ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Single Pipe

The majority of dwellings in Lithuania are situated in blocks of flats. The dwellings were built after World War II and they are heated by single pipe central heating systems, connected to district heating. The dwellers are not quite satisfied with such a heating system and try to improve it, but do that in a wrong way, by increasing the surface of radiators. Such means lead to violation of thermal regime and comfort conditions for other dwellers. There exists sometimes the necessity of reconstructing premises and together—the heating system. During the reconstruction the primary heat fluxes from radiators should be known, but very often such data are lost and only the size of radiators (number of sections) are known. To reconstruct the required primary data for single pipe systems is complicated because the temperatures of inlet and outlet water for radiators are unknown. In this article the methodology is proposed how to perform the calculations leading to the required data. The aim of calculations is the establishment of heat fluxes from each radiator connected to the riser. Heat flux from radiator can be calculated according the formula (1) but the complex coefficient is unknown. It could be found from formulae (2) but some magnitudes are unknown. According to the proposed methodology the values of unknown magnitudes are taken approximately and calculations are performed with iterations. In such a way the flow rate of water in riser is established from formula (3), which is the same for each radiator (the property of single pipe system). From formulas (3) and (4) an equation is produced (5), and is used for calculations of unknown temperatures. The equation (6) is used for calculation of heat fluxes from radiators. To carry out the above-mentioned calculations without computer practically is impossible due to many cycles of iteration. The programme was prepared to make easy all these calculations. The scheme of algorithm of programme is given in Fig 1. An example of calculation is given in this article. Calculations were fulfilled by newly created programme. The riser chosen for calculation is shown in Fig 2. The results of calculation are given in Table 1. The table shows that according to the proposed methodology the programme based on it can be used for reconstruction of primary data of single pipe heating systems successfully.

scholarly journals Calculation Of Heat Loss Through The Pipes Of The Interior Central Heating System

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Giurca
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Calculation Methodology

Abstract The article presents aspects related to the calculation of heat loss through the pipes of the interior central heating system. The purpose of the article is to detail the local heat losses in case of central heating systems. Based on the conclusions of the article, we propose the modification of the calculation methodology related to the building energy audit.

Remote control-based energy management for energy savings in a central heating system

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Şahin ◽  
Osman İpek ◽  
Yusuf Başoğul ◽  
Barış Gürel ◽  
Ali Keçebaş
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Central Heating

The Matching Research of Soil Source Heat Pump and Central Heating System in Cold Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 486-491
Author(s):  
Yue Ren Wang ◽  
Yu Feng Jiang ◽  
Min Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Practical Engineering

Using Dest software simulation benchmark building the dynamic heat load, analyzing its distribution pattern, at the same timewe can also get heat pump units in the COP value is different under different working condition, then the soil source heat pump and central heating complementary heating system, undertake in soil source heat pump system design heat load, under theconditions of different proportion of the whole system operation energy consumption, initial investment analysis, we conclude thatthe soil source heat pump and central heating complementary heating systems of different energy matching optimization features,this provides a reference for practical engineering.

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort and Energy Use with Local Heaters

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2912
Author(s):  
Jan Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Joanna Ferdyn-Grygierek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Low Efficiency

This paper presents the investigation of a local heating system consisting of three heating mats incorporated within a sedentary workplace. Thermal comfort and individual power settings for the heating mats were studied in experiments with 41 human subjects. Experiments were performed in a climate chamber at two operative temperatures: 16 and 18 °C. Results showed that local heating systems improved occupants’ comfort and were able to create acceptable thermal conditions under both temperatures. The power settings identified were used to study the applicability of heating mats in an industrial hall. Multi-variant analysis of energy consumption for heating was carried out using an ESP-r (Environmental Systems Performance–Research) simulation program. The analysis results demonstrate that in some cases, the installation of local heating mats in industrial halls may reduce energy usage compared to having to heat the entire hall. However, the benefits depend on numerous parameters. Local heating is most advantageous when installed in halls with a small number of workstations, small internal heat gains, and low-efficiency central heating systems. In reality for the satisfactory implementation of local heating systems for a particular application, it is advised to perform analysis for the specific local conditions. In order to improve the effectiveness of local heating systems, an advanced heating control strategy should be considered.

Heating Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-307
Author(s):  
Teodora Melania Şoimoşan ◽  
Raluca Andreea Felseghi ◽  
Maria Simona Răboacă ◽  
Constantin Filote
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Within the current context of energy, there are several ways to meet the challenges of durable development. Efficiency in energy use, considered to be the fifth energy source, as well as the use of sustainable energy sources represent critical objectives. Nowadays, almost 50% of the total energy consumption in Europe is consumed by building heating and cooling. The current heat demand is mainly covered by conventional energy—fossil fuels. Consequently, there is a significant growth potential for the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in order to produce heat. One can expect in the near future that the energy systems would include a larger percentage of renewable sources, so the increase of the RES share is one of the main objectives of the thermoenergetic field. This chapter approaches heating system typology, the performance indicators used to asses the hybrid heating systems, and at the same time synthetising the assumptions of ensuring the optimum operating conditions.

The Way Households Use the Central Heating System: Observed by a Daily Charge Heat-Energy Consumption Measuring Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1047-1050
Author(s):  
Bin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
The Way

The pattern of using the household billing to promote heating energy savings has become a focus discussion in the current national energy conservation. Nowadays the average energy consumption in China is 2 to 3 times than the developed countries with the same weather conditions, equivalent to the level of developed countries in 60 to 70 years. We report a daily heat-energy consumption measuring test in Beijing since 2009, the result shows that 90% of the total households we tested never change their valves to regulate the heat exchange systems in two winters, the one at least change their valves once are about 5%. So that the way households use the central heating is not fit for the need to save heat-energy.

scholarly journals Central Heating Cost Optimization for Smart-Homes with Fuzzy Logic and a Multi-Agent Architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4057
Author(s):  
Diego M. Jiménez-Bravo ◽  
Álvaro Lozano Murciego ◽  
Daniel H. de la Iglesia ◽  
Juan F. De Paz ◽  
Gabriel Villarrubia González
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Multi Agent

Recent years have defined the need to reduce gas emissions to fight climate change, and society’s move to green energies is important to make responsible use of non-renewable energies. Therefore, it is now important to use technologies to optimize the use of actual energy sources. In this aspect, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has had a great impact on society. Hence, this research work aims to use IoT technology and multi-agent systems to optimize the use of central heating installation in buildings. It is intended to improve the user’s comfort, reduce the consumption of energy and reduce the financial costs. Therefore, a multi-agent system is proposed to collect data from sensors located in a smart-home and obtain the best action to perform in a central heating system. The decisions will be taken by an intelligent agent based on fuzzy logic. This technology will allow for generating the control action with a fuzzy controller. The results obtained show that the proposal improves the actual system in terms of users’ comfort and financial and energy savings.

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