The Roles of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Mental Health in Predicting Truancy Recidivism

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-667
Author(s):  
Judy H. Hong ◽  
Sascha Hein ◽  
Alexandra M. Slaughter ◽  
Catherine Foley Geib ◽  
Ajit Gopalakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Hispanic Youth ◽  
Pretrial Detention ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Hispanic White

This study aims to (a) describe demographic and mental health (MH) differences between truant juvenile justice–involved youth (JJY) and nontruant JJY; (b) classify MH needs of truant JJY; and (c) investigate if the interactions between race, ethnicity, gender, and MH needs predict truancy recidivism. Participants were 10,603 truant JJY (55.4% male; non-Hispanic White, 46.8%; 16.2% with a history of pretrial detention). Of these participants, 2,167 with MH data were included in latent profile analyses and recidivism analyses. Hispanic youth and female youth were more likely to be truant. Non-Hispanic White JJY had a higher likelihood of a repeated truancy charge. Four MH classes emerged: elevated Alcohol/Drug Use (7.9%), elevated Angry–Irritable and Depressed–Anxious symptoms (19.5%), elevated Suicide Ideation (7.1%), and low MH needs (65.5%). Race, ethnicity, gender, and MH needs are informative as potential factors contributing to truancy. These factors should be examined in future studies that compare truant with nontruant non-JJY.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anaemia among the Elderly in Malaysia and Its Associated Factors: Does Ethnicity Matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muslimah Yusof ◽  
S. Maria Awaluddin ◽  
Maisarah Omar ◽  
Noor Ani Ahmad ◽  
Fazly Azry Abdul Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Introduction. Anaemia is common among the elderly, yet it remains an underresearched clinical condition. This study investigates ethnic differences in prevalence of anaemia and identifies potential factors associated with anaemia in the elderly. Methods. Data from the National Health & Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015 conducted by Ministry of Health was analyzed. Haemoglobin levels were measured using point-of-care testing, HemoCue® Hb 201+ System©, from consenting individuals. Demographic information and other clinical information were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted and significant results were presented as adjusted odds ratio. Results. A total of 3794 participants aged 60 years and older responded to the anaemia module with a response rate of 93.7%. 64.0% of respondents were of Malay ethnicity, 21.6% were Chinese, 6.1% were Indians, and 8.3% were of other ethnicities. The overall prevalence of anaemia among older people was 35.3%. The highest prevalence of anaemia was found among respondents of Indian ethnicity (45.5%). The Indian (aOR: 1.72; 95% CI 1.26–2.34) and Malay (aOR: 1.25; 95% CI 1.04–1.49) ethnic groups were more likely to be anaemic in comparison to those of Chinese ethnicity. Anaemia in older people was also associated with increasing age, history of hospital admission, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion. Anaemia in the elderly is associated with Indian and Malay ethnicities, increasing age, hospitalization, and diabetes. Our study has identified important information on a common condition which will guide and assist future studies in reducing the burden of anaemia.

scholarly journals Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation Among Unpaid Caregivers in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relationships to Age, Race/Ethnicity, Employment, and Caregiver Intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark É Czeisler ◽  
Alexandra Drane ◽  
Sarah S Winnay ◽  
Emily R Capodilupo ◽  
Charles A Czeisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of unpaid caregiving during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify factors associated with adverse mental health symptoms, substance use, and suicidal ideation in this population, which provides critical support in health care systems by providing care to older adults and those with chronic conditions.MethodsIn June 2020, Internet-based surveys with questions about demographics, caregiving responsibilities, and mental health were administered to US adults aged ≥18 years. Demographic quota sampling and survey weighting to improve cross-sectional sample representativeness of age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Prevalence ratios for adverse mental health symptoms were estimated using multivariable Poisson regressions.ResultsOf 9,896 eligible invited adults, 5,412 (54.7%) completed surveys; 5,011 (92.6%) respondents met screening criteria and were analysed, including 1,362 (27.2%) caregivers. Caregivers had higher prevalences of adverse mental health symptoms than non-caregivers, including anxiety or depressive disorder symptoms (57.6% vs 21.5%, respectively, p<0.0001) having recently seriously considered suicide (33.4% vs 3.7%, p<0.0001). Symptoms were more common among caregivers who were young vs older adults (e.g., aged 18–24 vs ≥65 years, aPR 2.75, 95% CI 1.95–3.88, p<0.0001), Hispanic or Latino vs non-Hispanic White (1.14, 1.04–1.25, p=0.0044), living with vs without disabilities (1.18, 1.10–1.26, p<0.0001), and with moderate and high vs low Caregiver Intensity Index scores (2.31, 1.65–3.23; 2.81, 2.00–3.94; both p<0.0001). Suicidal ideation was more prevalent among non-Hispanic Black vs non-Hispanic White caregivers (1.48, 1.15–1.90, p=0.0022).ConclusionsCaregivers, who accounted for one in four US adult respondents in this nationally representative sample, more commonly reported adverse mental health symptoms than non-caregivers. Increased visibility of and access to mental health care resources are urgently needed to address mental health challenges of caregiving.

scholarly journals The analysis of risk factors associated with women's urinary incontinence; literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Denisa Balalau ◽  
Octavian Olaru ◽  
Nicolae Bacalbasa ◽  
Stana Paunica ◽  
Daniela Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mode Of Birth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition among women. Approximately 50% of them had an involuntary loss of urine at least once in their lifetime. It can be present during sexual activity, contributing to sexual dysfunction and often associated with anxiety or even depression, thus having a negative impact on the quality of life. The incidence of UI is related to the existence of predisposing factors. The best known are: age, weight, family history, race/ ethnicity, number of pregnancies and mode of birth, history of genitourinary interventions and factors related to ordinary habits: smoking, caffeine consumption, oral contraceptives. Studies on middle-aged women have revealed that BMI, parity, age, hysterectomy, smoking, race/ ethnicity and diabetes are factors often associated with urinary incontinence. Future studies are needed to further explore the risk factors for urinary incontinence.

Exposure to Pro-Tobacco Messages: Results from the National Youth Tobacco Survey

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Douglas Evans ◽  
Alec Ulasevich ◽  
Jeanette Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Hispanic Youth ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Caucasian Youth

Objective: To test whether race/ethnicity, gender, and grade influence self-reported exposure to pro-tobacco messages among youth. Design: Multinomial logistic regression analyses of archival survey data (1999, 2000, and 2002 National Youth Tobacco Surveys). In separate analyses, demographic characteristics of the sample (race/ethnicity, gender, and grade) were regressed on responses to two questions regarding frequency of exposure to pro-tobacco messages. Analyses controlled for respondents' smoking status. Main outcome measures: Reported frequency of seeing tobacco point of sales (POS) advertisements in stores and self-reported frequency of seeing actors smoking. Results: Respondents reported generally high frequencies of seeing pro-tobacco messages either in the movies or as POS ads in stores. In comparison to Caucasian youth, African-American and Hispanic youth reported higher frequencies of seeing actors smoking. Surprisingly, non-Caucasian youth reported lower frequencies of seeing POS ads. Results by gender were mixed, but the magnitude of differences between genders was generally small. Youth in grades 6–10 were more likely to report seeing actors smoking and less likely to report seeing POS advertisements. Conclusions: This research demonstrates that students' demographics are related to exposure to pro-tobacco messages. Given the high prevalence of smoking in movies and television, and POS advertisements, future studies should investigate the extent to which environmental exposure or psychosocial factors predict higher self-reported exposure among demographic groups.

Parental Knowledge and Attitudes About Universal Lipid Screening Among Children Aged 9 to 11 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Leah Kern ◽  
Lisa Eichberger ◽  
Helen Wang ◽  
Tuo Lin ◽  
Kyung E. Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Graduate Degree ◽  
College Graduate ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Cholesterol Screening ◽  
Lipid Screening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

Nationally recommended universal lipid screening (ULS) in children aged 9 to 11 years is low. Little is known about parents’ understanding of screening. We conducted a survey exploring parental knowledge and attitudes regarding ULS. Of 91 parent respondents, 81.3% were female, 69.2% were non-Hispanic white, 90.1% had a college/graduate degree, and 63.7% had a family history of abnormal cholesterol. Overall, 45.5% agreed that ULS should be done for all children, 30.8% disagreed, and 23.1% were unsure. Parents’ support for ULS was significantly associated with their attitudes toward screening rather than their knowledge about cholesterol, family history of cardiovascular disease or abnormal cholesterol, age, race/ethnicity, or gender. Parents were less likely to agree that ULS should be done if they thought that cholesterol screening should be done based on a child’s health or family history rather than for all children ( P < .001), or if they thought that cholesterol screening was unnecessary ( P < .001).

scholarly journals Suicide in Older Adult Men Is Not Related to a Personal History of Participation in Football

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant L. Iverson ◽  
Amy Deep-Soboslay ◽  
Thomas M. Hyde ◽  
Joel E. Kleinman ◽  
Brittany Erskine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High School ◽  
Family History ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
History Of

Introduction: It is reasonable to estimate that tens of millions of men in the United States played high school football. There is societal concern that participation in football confers risk for later-in-life mental health problems. The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is an association between a personal history of playing high school football and death by suicide.Methods: The subjects were obtained from the Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD) brain donation program in collaboration with the Office of the Medical Examiner at Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine. Donor history was documented via medical records, mental health records, and telephone interviews with the next-of-kin.Results: The sample included 198 men aged 50 or older (median = 65.0 years, interquartile range = 57–75). There were 34.8% who participated in contact sports during high school (including football), and 29.8% participated in high school football. Approximately one-third of the sample had suicide as their manner of death (34.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportions of suicide as a manner of death among those men with a personal history of playing football compared to men who did not play football or who did not play sports (p = 0.070, Odds Ratio, OR = 0.537). Those who played football were significantly less likely to have a lifetime history of a suicide attempt (p = 0.012, OR = 0.352). Men with mood disorders (p &lt; 0.001, OR = 10.712), substance use disorders (p &lt; 0.020, OR = 2.075), and those with a history of suicide ideation (p &lt; 0.001, OR = 8.038) or attempts (p &lt; 0.001, OR = 40.634) were more likely to have suicide as a manner of death. Moreover, those men with a family history of suicide were more likely to have prior suicide attempts (p = 0.031, OR = 2.153) and to have completed suicide (p = 0.001, OR = 2.927).Discussion: Suicide was related to well-established risk factors such as a personal history of a mood disorder, substance abuse disorder, prior suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and a family history of suicide attempts. This study adds to a steadily growing body of evidence suggesting that playing high school football is not associated with increased risk for suicidality or suicide during adulthood.

scholarly journals Medical and Mental Health Comorbidities Among Minority Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naheed Ahmed ◽  
C. Andrew Conway
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objective. To examine the prevalence of and the association between comorbid disorders and race/ethnicity in the United States. Methods. Using cross-sectional data from the 2012 National Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System [N=45,207,844], we examined comorbidity of psychological distress with self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, angina, and with history of heart attack and stroke. Logistic regression was used to examine between group differences by race/ethnicity. Results. Unadjusted results indicate that American Indian [OR 4.01, 95%CI: 1.78, 9.04] and Hispanic [OR 1.55, 95%CI: 1.04, 2.33] participants were more likely to have psychological distress and history of heart attack in comparison to Whites. American Indians were more likely to have psychological distress with angina [OR 3.82, 95%CI: 1.92, 7.63], and with history of stroke [OR 4.25, 95%CI: 2.16-8.26] in unadjusted results when compared to White participants. Conclusions. Our results suggest that racial/ethnic minority groups are more likely to suffer from comorbid mental health and medical conditions, which may be a result of stress arising from discrimination and historical oppression of these populations.

scholarly journals Racial/ethnic disparities in sleep in mothers and infants during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristella Lucchini ◽  
Margaret Kyle ◽  
Nicolò Pini ◽  
Ayesha Sania ◽  
Vanessa Babineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Maternal Sleep ◽  
Hispanic Mothers ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

ABSTRACTStudy ObjectivesTo quantify the association between race/ethnicity and maternal and infant self-reported sleep health at 4 months, exploring the role of maternal depression, stress and symptoms of trauma related to the COVID-19 pandemic as potential mediators.MethodsParticipants were recruited as part of the COVID-19 Mother Baby Outcomes (COMBO) cohort at Columbia University (N=71 non-Hispanic White, N=14 African American (AA), N=113 Hispanic, N=40 other/declined). Data on infant sleep were collected at 4 months postpartum. A subset of 149 women also completed questionnaires assessing maternal mental health and sleep. Multivariable regressions were used to separately estimate associations of race/ethnicity and mental health with multiple sleep domains for infants and mothers adjusting for individual-level covariates.ResultsCompared to non-Hispanic White, Hispanic infants slept less at night (β=- 101.7±17.6, p<0.0001) and AA and Hispanic infants went to bed later (respectively β =1.9±0.6, p<0.0001, β=1.7±0.3, p<0.0001). Hispanic mothers were less likely to perceive infant sleep as a problem (β=1.0±0.3, p=0.006). Compared to non-Hispanic White mothers, Hispanic mothers reported worse maternal sleep latency (β=1.2±0.4, p=0.002), and efficiency (β=0.8±0.4, p=0.03), but better subjective sleep quality (β=-0.7±0.4, p=0.05), and less daytime dysfunction (β=-0.8±0.4, p=0.04). Maternal mental health scores were statistically significant predictors of multiple domains of maternal sleep but did not mediate the association between race/ethnicity and sleep.ConclusionsRacial/ethnic disparities in maternal and infant sleep are observable at 4 months post-partum. Maternal stress, depression and symptoms of trauma related to the COVID-19 pandemic did not mediate these associations.

scholarly journals 0394 Differential Role of Sleep Problems on Depression and Suicide in Community Adolescents

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A151-A151
Author(s):  
J Kim ◽  
A Vander Stoep ◽  
E McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Steering Committee ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction Sleep changes during adolescence, including “eveningness” or a preference for staying up late, decreased sleep hours, increased daytime sleepiness and irregular sleep patterns, can contribute to adolescent sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, daytime fatigue, and other sleep problems. The goals of the study were; 1) to examine the proportion of adolescents who experienced each type of sleep disturbances based on six sleep problems; and 2) to examine the association between six types of sleep disturbances and concurrent depression, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt at 12th grade. Methods Using the data from the Developmental Pathways Project (DPP), a community-based study in adolescence, total 425 students were included. Sequential logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between each sleep item and depression, suicide ideation, and lifetime history of suicide attempt. Results The most frequently reported sleep problems were ‘overtired without good reason (49.9%)’, ‘sleeps less than most kids (46.8%)’, and ‘sleep more than most kids (46.7%)’. After adjusting for depressive symptoms at baseline, 12th grade reports of ‘overtired without good reason’ (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.22 - 2.17), ‘sleep less’ (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.51 - 2.74), ‘trouble sleeping’ (OR = 1.50 95% CI = 1.10-2.06, p &lt; .05), ‘nightmare’ (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.12-2.02, p &lt; .01) were significantly associated with depression. For suicide ideation (SI) and suicide attempt, ‘nightmare’ (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.15 - 2.48; OR = 2.43 95% CI = 1.30 - 4.53, respectively) was significantly and positively associated with SI and having history of suicide attempt. Conclusion ‘Nightmare’ has the strongest association with depression, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt. To disentangle the mechanism of the association between nightmares and mental health issues, longitudinal studies examining causal or bidirectional relationships of the mechanism are warranted. Support National Institutes of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, Nesholm Family Foundation, Seattle Children’s Hospital Outcomes Research Steering Committee, Loeb Family Foundation, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington Office of the Provost, AETNA Foundation.

scholarly journals Suicide ideation amongst people referred for mental health assessment in police custody

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Forrester ◽  
Chiara Samele ◽  
Karen Slade ◽  
Tom Craig ◽  
Lucia Valmaggia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Police Custody ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of suicide ideation amongst a group of people who had been arrested and taken into police custody, and were then referred to a mental health service operating in the police stations. Design/methodology/approach A referred sample of 888 cases were collected over an 18-month period during 2012/2013. Clinical assessments were conducted using a template in which background information was collected (including information about their previous clinical history, substance misuse, alleged offence, any pre-identified diagnoses, and the response of the service) as part of the standard operating procedure of the service. Data were analysed using a statistical software package. Findings In total, 16.2 per cent (n=144) reported suicide ideation, with women being more likely to report than men. In total, 82.6 per cent of the suicide ideation sample reported a history of self-harm or a suicide attempt. Suicide ideation was also associated with certain diagnostic categories (depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and personality disorder), a history of contact with mental health services, and recent (within 24 hours) consumption of alcohol or drugs. Originality/value This evaluation adds to the limited literature in this area by describing a large sample from a real clinical service. It provides information that can assist with future service designs and it offers support for calls for a standardised health screening process, better safety arrangements for those who have recently used alcohol or drugs (within 24 hours) and integrated service delivery across healthcare domains (i.e. physical healthcare, substance use, and mental health).

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