“Living in the Along”: Validating Experiences Among Urban Community College Students in a College Transition Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo DuBois Baber
Keyword(s):  
College Readiness ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Underrepresented Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Gwendolyn Brooks ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
College Transitions

Objective: Despite significant attention from federal and state policy makers, postsecondary completion rates in the United States remain stratified across race and socioeconomic background. This study examines a community-based college readiness program for underrepresented students from low-resource neighborhoods in Chicago, Illinois. Method: This qualitative study utilized validation theory to consider the experiences of program participants. During the Summer of 2014, I collected data through six focus groups with participants who successfully completed the college readiness program between 2010 and 2014. Results: Aligning with phrases from Chicago poet and activist Gwendolyn Brooks, I describe major themes that reflect the validating experiences of program participants. Overall, participants indicate that program experiences affirmed existing motivations that drive postsecondary aspirations and persistence. Participants felt most when their existing strengths were consistently recognized as an important factor for college transitions. Contributions: Findings offers further evidence for the critical role of validation in supporting the postsecondary pursuits among students from underrepresented backgrounds. Participant insights also offer critical observations about unintended consequences when successful programs grow rapidly to satisfy external constituents.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Issue: Soft Power of Civil Society in International Relations

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
TAKASHI INOGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Policy Makers

This special issue focuses on the role of civil society in international relations. It highlights the dynamics and impacts of public opinion on international relations (Zaller, 1992). Until recently, it was usual to consider public opinion in terms of its influence on policy makers and in terms of moulding public opinion in the broad frame of the policy makers in one's country. Given that public opinion in the United States was assessed and judged so frequently and diffused so globally, it was natural to frame questions guided by those concepts which pertained to the global and domestic context of the United States.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Management of NAFLD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandani Patel Chavez ◽  
Kenneth Cusi ◽  
Sushma Kadiyala
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Consensus Statements ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Context The burden of cirrhosis from NAFLD is reaching epidemic proportions in the United States. This calls for greater awareness among endocrinologists, who often see but may miss the diagnosis in adults with obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) who are at the highest risk. At the same time, recent studies suggest that GLP-1RAs are beneficial versus steatohepatitis (NASH) in this population. This minireview aims to assist endocrinologists to recognize the condition and recent work on the role of GLP-1RAs in NAFLD/NASH. Evidence acquisition Evidence from observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses. Evidence Synthesis Endocrinologists should lead multidisciplinary teams to implement recent consensus statements on NAFLD that call for screening and treatment of clinically significant fibrosis to prevent cirrhosis, especially in the high-risk groups (i.e., people with obesity, prediabetes or T2D). With no FDA-approved agents, weight loss is central to their successful management, with pharmacological treatment options limited today to vitamin E (in people without T2D) and diabetes medications that reverse steatohepatitis, such as pioglitazone or GLP-1RA. Recently the benefit of GLP-1RAs in NAFLD, suggested from earlier trials, has been confirmed in adults with biopsy-proven NASH. In 2021, the FDA also approved semaglutide for obesity management. Conclusion A paradigm change is developing between the endocrinologist’s greater awareness about their critical role to curve the epidemic of NAFLD and new clinical care pathways that include a broader use of GLP-1RAs in the management of these complex patients.

Planning or Improvisation

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Alasdair Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge

This chapter assesses the role of planning in the design of governance strategies. Enthusiasm for large-scale planning—also known as overall, comprehensive, long-term, economic, or social planning—boomed and collapsed in twentieth century. At the start of that century, progressive reformers seized on planning as the remedy for the United States' social and economic woes. By the end of the twentieth century, enthusiasm for large-scale planning had collapsed. Plans could be made, but they were unlikely to be obeyed, and even if they were obeyed, they were unlikely to work as predicted. The chapter then explains that leaders should make plans while being realistic about the limits of planning. It is necessary to exercise foresight, set priorities, and design policies that seem likely to accomplish those priorities. Simply by doing this, leaders encourage coordination among individuals and businesses, through conversation about goals and tactics. Neither is imperfect knowledge a total barrier to planning. There is no “law” of unintended consequences: it is not inevitable that government actions will produce entirely unexpected results. The more appropriate stance is modesty about what is known and what can be achieved. Plans that launch big schemes on brittle assumptions are more likely to fail. Plans that proceed more tentatively, that allow room for testing, learning, and adjustment, are less likely to collapse in the face of unexpected results.

scholarly journals College Ready at a Cost: Underrepresented Students Overwhelmed, Scared, Increasingly Stressed, and Coping

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-758
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Martinez ◽  
Katherine Lewis ◽  
Jocabed Marquez
Keyword(s):  
College Readiness ◽  
Underrepresented Students ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Public High Schools ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
College Ready ◽  
College Going ◽  
College Going Culture ◽  
And Coping

As the push and expectation to attend college continues to increase, making the process of getting into college more competitive than ever before, there is a need to interrogate whether and how efforts to create a college-going culture and increase college readiness among students, particularly those from historically marginalized backgrounds, might have an adverse impact on students. This study illuminates 59 students’ voices who participated in a multisite descriptive case study examining the strong college-going culture and college readiness efforts at three racially and economically diverse urban public high schools in different regions of Texas. Although students revealed positive aspects of their schools’ efforts, this study focuses on some of the negative, unintended consequences related to how students felt and coped with being overwhelmed, scared, and increasingly stressed as a result of the narrow focus on college readiness. Such findings must be considered by scholars, policymakers, and practitioners alike.

The Role of Sex and Age on Pre-drinking: An Exploratory International Comparison of 27 Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ferris ◽  
Cheneal Puljević ◽  
Florian Labhart ◽  
Adam Winstock ◽  
Emmanuel Kuntsche
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multivariate Multilevel Models

Abstract Aims This exploratory study aims to model the impact of sex and age on the percentage of pre-drinking in 27 countries, presenting a single model of pre-drinking behaviour for all countries and then comparing the role of sex and age on pre-drinking behaviour between countries. Methods Using data from the Global Drug Survey, the percentages of pre-drinkers were estimated for 27 countries from 64,485 respondents. Bivariate and multivariate multilevel models were used to investigate and compare the percentage of pre-drinking by sex (male and female) and age (16–35 years) between countries. Results The estimated percentage of pre-drinkers per country ranged from 17.8% (Greece) to 85.6% (Ireland). The influence of sex and age on pre-drinking showed large variation between the 27 countries. With the exception of Canada and Denmark, higher percentages of males engaged in pre-drinking compared to females, at all ages. While we noted a decline in pre-drinking probability among respondents in all countries after 21 years of age, after the age of 30 this probability remained constant in some countries, or even increased in Brazil, Canada, England, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. Conclusions Pre-drinking is a worldwide phenomenon, but varies substantially by sex and age between countries. These variations suggest that policy-makers would benefit from increased understanding of the particularities of pre-drinking in their own country to efficiently target harmful pre-drinking behaviours.

scholarly journals Too Little, Too Late?

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Lilian Milanés ◽  
Joanna Mishtal
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Low Expectations ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

AbstractScholarship and advocacy work regarding reproductive health have often focused on women’s experiences. Concerns about men’s sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRH) have historically been on the margins in this context. In the United States, young men are at the greatest risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), yet are the least likely to seek SRH. Based on research with 18 healthcare providers in a large public Florida university clinic, we examined providers’ perspectives about expanding men’s SRH provision and utilisation. Research findings demonstrate inconsistent provider strategies in treating men’s SRH needs and a clinical environment that has low expectations of men receiving preventive care, further perpetuating the placement of SRH responsibility upon women. This article contributes to applied and medical anthropology scholarship on health inequalities through its discussion of the challenges and barriers that contribute to poor SRH for young men and the critical role of providers in this context.

scholarly journals May the force be with you: Transfer of healthy mitochondria from stem cells to stroke cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar V Borlongan ◽  
Hung Nguyen ◽  
Trenton Lippert ◽  
Eleonora Russo ◽  
Julian Tuazon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunctions ◽  
Limited Therapeutic Option ◽  
The World

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the United States and around the world with limited therapeutic option. Here, we discuss the critical role of mitochondria in stem cell-mediated rescue of stroke brain by highlighting the concept that deleting the mitochondria from stem cells abolishes the cells’ regenerative potency. The application of innovative approaches entailing generation of mitochondria-voided stem cells as well as pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial function may elucidate the mechanism underlying transfer of healthy mitochondria to ischemic cells, thereby providing key insights in the pathology and treatment of stroke and other brain disorders plagued with mitochondrial dysfunctions.

Association of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphisms with worse survival in three independent cohorts from the United States, Austria, and Japan in patients with gastric cancer.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4111-4111
Author(s):  
Rita Elie El-Khoueiry ◽  
Takeru Wakatsuki ◽  
Yan Ning ◽  
Wu Zhang ◽  
Dongyun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Japanese Cohort ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pathway Interaction

4111 Background: The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathwaycontrols cell proliferation and differentiation. Disruption of this pathway has been shown in the majority of colorectal (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC). The TCF7L2 complex plays a critical role in this pathway. Interaction of TCF7L2 and β-catenin results in translocation to the nucleus and leads to up-regulation of target genes, including c-myc and cyclin D1. Previous reports have shown that TCF7L2 polymorphism rs7903146 C/T is associated with CRC risk and outcome; however, the prognostic role of this polymorphism in GC is unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis of whether this polymorphism could predict outcome in GC in three independent cohorts. Methods: A total of 369 patients (pts) with histopathologically-confirmed localized GC were enrolled from Japan (n=169), the US (n=137), and Austria (n=63) between 2002 and 2010. Results: In the US cohort, pts with at least one-T allele ((T/T or C/T; n=46) showed a median TTR of 1.7 yrs vs. 4.4 yrs compared to pts homozygous C/C (n=76) (HR: 2.09 95%CI: 1.21- 3.59, p=0.0053). A similar trend was shown in the Austrian cohort, where pts harboring at least one-T allele (n=25) showed a median DFS of 2.08 yrs vs. 5.42 yrs for pts homozygous C/C (n=38) (HR: 1.79 [95%CI: 0.90-3.55], p=0.092). Moreover, in the Japanese cohort, pts homozygous for T/T demonstrated (n=2) a median DFS of 0.15 yrs vs. 4.82 yrs for pts harboring at least one-C allele (n=165) (HR: 10.5 [95%CI: 2.46-45.5], p=0.001). These results were confirmed in the OS in the US and Japanese cohorts. Pts at least one-T allele (n=46) showed a median OS of 3.3 yrs vs. 5.5 yrs for pts homozygous C/C (n=76) (HR: 2.41 95%CI: 1.28-4.53, p=0.0043) in the US cohort, while pts homozygous T/T showed (n=2) a median OS of 0.22 yrs vs 5.76 yrs for pts harboring at least one-C allele (n=165) (HR: 15.2 [95%CI: 3.50-66.7], p<0.001). Conclusions: TCF7L2 polymorphism was associated with worse prognosis in recurrence in pts with GC in three independently global cohorts. This polymorphism may be negative prognostic factor in GC regardless of ethnicity and etiology, suggesting the importance role of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in GC.

scholarly journals The role of college and university faculty in the fossil fuel divestment movement

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie C. Stephens ◽  
Peter C. Frumhoff ◽  
Leehi Yona
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Faculty Support ◽  
Tenured Faculty ◽  
Depth Analysis

Colleges and universities have played a critical role in the growing social movement to divest institutional endowments from fossil fuels. While campus activism on fossil fuel divestment has been driven largely by students and alumni, faculty are also advocating to their administrators for institutional divestment from fossil fuels. This article characterizes the role of faculty by reviewing signatories to publicly available letters that endorse fossil fuel divestment. Analysis of 30 letters to administrators signed by faculty at campuses throughout the United States and Canada reveals support for divestment from 4550 faculty across all major fields of inquiry and scholarship, and all types of faculty positions. Of these signers, more than 225 have specific expertise in climate change or energy. An in-depth analysis of 18 of these letters shows that a significantly greater proportion of tenured faculty sign open letters of support for divestment than do not-yet-tenured tenure-track faculty (15.4% versus 10.7%), perhaps reflecting concerns among not-yet-tenured faculty that such support might jeopardize their career advancement. This analysis suggests that faculty support for the divestment movement is more widespread than commonly recognized; this movement is more mainstream, and broader-based, than is often recognized. Revealing the scope and scale of faculty support for fossil fuel divestment may encourage additional faculty to engage, support and endorse this growing social movement that highlights the social impact of investment decisions, and calls upon colleges and universities to align their investment practices with their academic missions and values.

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